ELECTROLYTES, ELECTROLYTE ADDITIVES AND CELLS

• US 20080131772A1
• Filed: 02/14/2008
• Published: 06/05/2008
• Est. Priority Date: 01/11/2005
• Status: Abandoned Application

• Current Assignee: Air Products and Chemicals Incorporated (Linde Plc)
• Original Assignee: Air Products and Chemicals Incorporated (Linde Plc)
• Inventors: Shi, Zhong, Casteel, William Jack, Ivanov, Sergei Vladimirovich, Jambunathan, Krishnakumar, Dantsin, Gennady
• Application Number:
  US12/031,256
• Publication Number:
  US 20080131772A1
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 429/199
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/052 Li-accumulators
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/0566 Liquid materials
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/0567 characterised by the additives
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/0568 characterised by the solutes
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/131 Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/133 Electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 Energy storage using batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Abstract

An electrolyte comprising a salt, which will not electrochemically passivate and at least two additives. A cell comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode and an electrolyte comprising a salt, which will not electrochemically passivate and at least two additives.

Claims

1. An electrolyte comprising a salt of the formula:

Li_aQ

where Q is a borate cluster anion or heteroborate cluster anion, and a is 1 or 2, at least one organic aprotic carrier, and at least two additives wherein at least one of said additives comprises an inorganic compound.

2. The electrolyte of claim 1 wherein said inorganic additive comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of boron, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorous, arsenic, antimony, oxygen, sulfur, fluorine, and chlorine.

3. The electrolyte of claim 1 wherein said inorganic additive comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF₆), lithium bis-oxalatoborate (LiBOB), lithium perchlorate (LiClO₄), lithium hexafluoroarsenate (LiAsF₆), lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate (LiCF₃SO₃), lithium trifluoromethanesulfonimide (Li(CF₃SO₂)₂N, lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF₄), lithium tetrachloroaluminate (LiClO₄), lithium hexafluoroantimonate (LiSbF₆), CO₂, and water.

4. The electrolyte of claim 2 wherein said inorganic additive comprises at least one chelato borate salt.

5. The electrolyte of claim 2 wherein one of said additives comprises an organic compound and said additive comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of carbonates, chloroethylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate, vinylethylenecarbonate, sulfites, ethylene sulfite, propane sulfone, propylene sulfite, butyrolactones, phenylethylene carbonate, phenylvinylene carbonate, catechol carbonate, vinyl acetate, vinylethylene carbonate, dimethyl sulfite, fluoroethylene carbonate, trifluoropropylene carbonate, bromo gamma-butyrolactone, and fluoro gamma-butyrolactone.

6. The electrolyte of claim 2 wherein said inorganic comprises LiBF4 and said additive further comprise another member selected from the group consisting of inorganic and organic compounds.

7. The electrolyte of claim 6 wherein said another member comprises LiBOB.

8. The electrolyte of claim 6 wherein said another member comprises an organic compound.

9. The electrolyte of claim 8 wherein said organic compound comprises VC.

10. The electrolyte of claim 1 wherein said LiaQ comprises Li₂B₁₂F_xZ_12-x wherein x Z represents H, Cl, Br and x is at least 8 and less than or equal to 12.

11. A cell comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode and an electrolyte comprising at least one organic aprotic compound, Li₂B₁₂F_xZ_12-x wherein x Z represents H, Cl, Br and x is at least 8 and less than or equal to 12 and at least two additives wherein at least one of said additives comprises an inorganic compound.

12. The cell of claim 11 wherein said inorganic additive comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of selected from the group consisting of lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF₆), lithium bis-oxalatoborate (LiBOB), or other chelatoborate salt, lithium perchlorate (LiClO₄), lithium hexafluoroarsenate (LiAsF₆), lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate (LiCF₃SO₃), lithium trifluoromethanesulfonimide (Li(CF₃SO₂)₂N, lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF₄), lithium tetrachloroaluminate (LiClO₄), and lithium hexafluoroantimonate (LiSbF₆).

13. The cell of claim 11 wherein said additive comprises at least one organic compound wherein said additive is selected from the group consisting of carbonates, chloroethylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate, vinylethylenecarbonate, sulfates, ethylene sulfite, propane sulfone, propylene sulfite, butyrolactones, phenylethylene carbonate, phenylvinylene carbonate, catechol carbonate, vinyl acetate, vinylethylene carbonate, dimethyl sulfite, fluoroethylene carbonate, trifluoropropylene carbonate, bromo gamma-butyrolactone, and fluoro gamma-butyrolactone.

14. The cell of claim 12 wherein said additive comprises lithium bis-oxalatoborate (LiBOB) and lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF₄).

15. The cell of claim 12 wherein said inorganic compound comprises LiBF₄ and said additive further comprises at least one organic compound.

16. The cell of claim 15 wherein said organic compound comprises VC.

17. The cell of claim 12 wherein said negative electrode comprises a carbonaceous material.

18. The cell of claim 12 wherein said negative electrode comprises lithium metal or its alloys with other metals

19. The cell of claim 12 wherein said positive electrode comprises a lithium composite oxide.

20. The cell of claim 19 wherein said positive electrode comprises lithium manganese spinel.

21. The cell of claim 12 wherein said cell comprises a secondary battery.