System and method for creating a networked infrastructure distribution platform of fixed and mobile solar and wind gathering devices

• US 20080149403A1
• Filed: 12/22/2006
• Published: 06/26/2008
• Est. Priority Date: 12/22/2006
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Tamiras Per Pte Ltd LLC (Intellectual Ventures LLC)
• Original Assignee: Genedics Clean Energy, LLC (Genedics, LLC)
• Inventors: Merritt, Edward, Fein, Gene S.
• Granted Patent: US 7,525,210 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 180/2.2
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 2016/003 solar power driven
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2200/26 Rail vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 8/003 Converting light into electric energy, e.g. by using photo-voltaic systems
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 8/006 Converting flow of air into electric energy, e.g. by using wind turbines
• CPC Class Codes: F03D 9/11 storing electrical energy
• CPC Class Codes: F03D 9/25 the apparatus being an electrical generator F03D9/22 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: F03D 9/257 the wind motor being part of a wind farm
• CPC Class Codes: F03D 9/32 on moving objects, e.g. vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: F03D 9/46 Tunnels or streets
• CPC Class Codes: F05B 2220/61 for hydrogen and/or oxygen production
• CPC Class Codes: F05B 2240/212 of the Darrieus type
• CPC Class Codes: F05B 2240/9113 which is a roadway, rail track, or the like for recovering energy from moving vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: F05B 2240/941 which is a land vehicle
• CPC Class Codes: F05B 2250/25 helical
• CPC Class Codes: F05B 2250/82 Micromachines
• CPC Class Codes: F24T 10/10 with circulation of working fluids through underground channels, the working fluids not coming into direct contact with the ground
• CPC Class Codes: H02S 10/12 Hybrid wind-PV energy systems
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 10/30 Wind power
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 10/70 Hybrid systems, e.g. uninterruptible or back-up power supplies integrating renewable energies
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 10/10 Geothermal energy
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 10/50 : Photovoltaic [PV] energy
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 10/72 : Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 10/728 : Onshore wind turbines
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/36 : Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 70/30 : Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/62 : Hybrid vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/7072 : Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/90 : Energy harvesting concepts as power supply for auxiliaries' energy consumption, e.g. photovoltaic sun-roof

Abstract

A roadway system for energy generation and distribution is presented. In accordance with one embodiment of the invention, the roadway system comprises a plurality of ground-based wind energy generating devices, one or more roads, and a roadway system electricity grid. The roadway system may additionally include, for example, a plurality of ground-based solar energy generating devices, one or more vehicle-based solar energy generating devices and one or more vehicle-based wind energy generating devices. The energy generating devices are connected to the roadway system electricity grid and substantially all of the ground-based wind energy generating devices are positioned on part of one of the roads or near to one or more of the roads to thereby allow energy generation from wind created from passing vehicles in addition to energy generation from atmospheric wind.

Claims

1. A roadway system for energy generation and distribution, comprising:

a plurality of ground-based wind energy generating devices;

one or more roads; and

a roadway system electricity grid;

wherein each of substantially all of the ground-based wind energy generating devices is electrically connected to the roadway system electricity grid and positioned on part of one of the roads or near to one or more of the roads to thereby allow energy generation from wind created from passing vehicles in addition to energy generation from atmospheric wind.

2. The roadway system of claim 1, wherein each of substantially all of the ground-based wind energy generating devices, independently, is positioned on part of one of the roads or within between about 0 feet and about 40 feet from one or more of the roads.

3. The roadway system of claim 1, wherein each of substantially all of the ground-based wind energy generating devices, independently, is positioned on part of one of the roads or within between about 0 feet and about 25 feet from one or more of the roads.

4. The roadway system of claim 1, wherein each of substantially all of the ground-based wind energy generating devices, independently, is positioned on part of one of the roads or within between about 0 feet and about 10 feet from one or more of the roads.

5. The roadway system of claim 1, wherein each of at least 90% of the ground-based wind energy generating devices is positioned on part of one of the roads or within between about 0 feet and about 25 feet from one or more of the roads.

6. The roadway system of claim 1, wherein each of at least 90% of the ground-based wind energy generating devices is positioned on part of one of the roads or within between about 0 feet and about 10 feet from one or more of the roads.

7. The roadway system of claim 1, wherein the one or more roads, each independently, comprise one or more medians, and at least one of the ground-based wind energy generating devices is positioned on at least one of the medians.

8. The roadway system of claim 7, wherein between about 0% and about 100% (by number) of the plurality of ground-based wind energy generating devices are positioned on at least one of the medians.

9. The roadway system of claim 8, wherein between about 20% and about 80% (by number) of the plurality of ground-based wind energy generating devices are positioned on at least one of the medians.

10. The roadway system of claim 1, wherein some of the plurality of ground-based wind energy generating devices are positioned in a stratum configuration.

11. The roadway system of claim 1, wherein substantially all of the ground-based wind energy generating devices are positioned in a stratum configuration.

12. The roadway system of claim 1, wherein each of substantially all of the ground-based wind energy generating devices, optionally, is positioned in a location selected from the group consisting of median and breakdown lane.

13. The roadway system of claim 1, further being characterized by an average distance between any two closest ground-based wind energy generating devices is in the range between about 5 micrometer and about 200 meters.

14. The roadway system of claim 1, further being characterized by an average distance between any two closest ground-based wind energy generating devices is in the range between about 5 feet to about 40 feet.

15. The roadway system of claim 1, wherein the ground-based wind energy generating devices are positioned along the roads with a density of at least about 10 devices per mile of road.

16. The roadway system of claim 1, wherein the ground-based wind energy generating devices are positioned along the roads with a density of between about 10 and about one billion devices per mile of road.

17. The roadway system of claim 1, wherein at least about 90% of the ground-based wind energy generating devices are equal to or less than about 25 feet in height.

18. The roadway system of claim 1, wherein at least about 90% of the ground-based wind energy generating devices are equal to or less than about 10 feet in height.

19. The roadway system of claim 1, wherein substantially all of the ground-based wind energy generating devices are equal to or less than about 25 feet in height.

20. The roadway system of claim 1, wherein each of at least about 90% of the ground-based wind energy generating devices, independently, comprises a vertical axis turbine.

21. The roadway system of claim 20, wherein the vertical axis turbine is a helix-style turbine.

22. The roadway system of claim 1, wherein each of the one or more roads is of any type of highway, turnpike, pike, toll road, state highway, freeway, clearway, expressway, parkway, causeway, throughway, interstate, speedway, autobahn, superhighway, street, roadway, railroad, train track, car race tack or airplane runway.

23. The roadway system of claim 1, wherein each of the one or more roads is of any type of highway, turnpike, pike, toll road, state highway, freeway, clearway, expressway, parkway, causeway, throughway, interstate, speedway, autobahn, superhighway, street, or roadway.

24. The roadway system of claim 1, further comprising a plurality of ground-based solar energy generating devices, wherein each of substantially all of the ground-based solar energy generating devices, independently, is electrically connected to the roadway system electricity grid and positioned on part of one of the roads or near to one or more of the roads.

25. The roadway system of claim 24, wherein each of substantially all of the ground-based solar energy generating devices, independently, is positioned on part of one of the roads or within between about 0 feet and about 40 feet from one or more of the roads.

26. The roadway system of claim 24 wherein each of the ground-based wind energy generating devices, optionally, comprises one or more solar energy generating devices.

27. The roadway system of claim 24, wherein each of substantially all of the ground-based solar energy generating devices, optionally, is positioned in a location selected from the group consisting of median, line divider, breakdown lane, guardrail, road light and road sign area.

28. The roadway system of claim 24, further comprising:

one or more service stations along the roads; and

one or more vehicles, each comprising

one or more vehicle-based wind energy generating devices; and

a vehicle-based energy storage system;

wherein for a given vehicle the respective one or more vehicle-based wind energy generating devices are electrically connected to the vehicle-based energy storage system of the given vehicle to thereby allow deposition of energy generated by the one or more vehicle-based wind energy generating devices into the vehicle-based energy storage system.

29. The roadway system of claim 28, wherein each of the ground-based wind energy generating devices, optionally, comprises one or more solar energy generating devices.

30. The roadway system of claim 28, wherein each vehicle-based energy storage system, optionally, is portable to thereby allow exchange of the vehicle-based energy storage system at the one or more service stations.

31. The roadway system of claim 28, further comprising for a given vehicle, one or more vehicle-based solar energy generating devices that are electrically connected to the vehicle-based energy storage system of the give vehicle to thereby allow deposition of energy generated by the respective one or more vehicle-based solar energy generating devices into the vehicle-based energy storage system.

32. The roadway system of claim 24, further comprising:

one or more service stations along the roads; and

one or more vehicles, each comprising

one or more vehicle-based solar energy generating devices; and

a vehicle-based energy storage system;

wherein for a given vehicle the respective one or more vehicle-based solar energy generating devices are electrically connected to the vehicle-based energy storage system of the given vehicle to thereby allow deposition of energy generated by the one or more vehicle-based solar energy generating devices into the vehicle-based energy storage system.

33. The roadway system of claim 32, wherein each of the ground-based wind energy generating devices, optionally, comprises one or more solar energy generating devices.

34. The roadway system of claim 32, further comprising for a given vehicle, one or more vehicle-based wind energy generating devices that are electrically connected to the vehicle-based energy storage system of the give vehicle to thereby allow deposition of energy generated by the respective one or more vehicle-based wind energy generating devices into the vehicle-based energy storage system.

35. The roadway system of claim 1, further comprising:

one or more service stations along the roads; and

one or more vehicles, each comprising

one or more vehicle-based wind energy generating devices; and

a vehicle-based energy storage system;

wherein for a given vehicle the respective one or more vehicle-based wind energy generating devices are electrically connected to the vehicle-based energy storage system of the given vehicle to thereby allow deposition of energy generated by the one or more vehicle-based wind energy generating devices into the vehicle-based energy storage system.

36. The roadway system of claim 35, wherein each of the ground-based wind energy generating devices, optionally, comprises one or more solar energy generating devices.

37. The roadway system of claim 35, wherein each vehicle-based energy storage system, optionally, is portable to thereby allow exchange of the vehicle-based energy storage system at the one or more service stations.

38. The roadway system of claim 35, further comprising for a given vehicle, one or more vehicle-based solar energy generating devices that are electrically connected to the vehicle-based energy storage system of the give vehicle to thereby allow deposition of energy generated by the respective one or more vehicle-based solar energy generating devices into the vehicle-based energy storage system.

39. The roadway system of claim 1, further comprising:

one or more service stations along the roads; and

one or more vehicles, each comprising

one or more vehicle-based solar energy generating devices; and

a vehicle-based energy storage system;

wherein for a given vehicle the respective one or more vehicle-based solar energy generating devices are electrically connected to the vehicle-based energy storage system of the given vehicle to thereby allow deposition of energy generated by the one or more vehicle-based solar energy generating devices into the vehicle-based energy storage system.

40. The roadway system of claim 39, wherein each of the ground-based wind energy generating devices, optionally, comprises one or more solar energy generating devices.

41. The roadway system of claim 39, further comprising for a given vehicle, one or more vehicle-based wind energy generating devices that are electrically connected to the vehicle-based energy storage system of the give vehicle to thereby allow deposition of energy generated by the respective one or more vehicle-based wind energy generating devices into the vehicle-based energy storage system.

42. The roadway system of claim 1, wherein the roadway system electricity grid further comprises means for storing energy generated by the roadway system.

43. The roadway system of claim 1, wherein the roadway system electricity grid further comprises means for inverting energy generated by the roadway system.

44. The roadway system of claim 1, wherein the roadway system electricity grid further comprises one or more single power source changing units.

45. The roadway system of claim 1, further comprising means for metering electricity.

46. The roadway system of claim 1, wherein the roadway system electricity grid further comprises one or more backup power systems.

57. The roadway system of claim 1, wherein each of the one or more roads is of any type of highway, turnpike, pike, toll road, state highway, freeway, clearway, expressway, parkway, causeway, throughway, interstate, speedway, autobahn, superhighway, street, or roadway.

47. A roadway system for energy generation and distribution, comprising:

a plurality of ground-based solar energy generating devices;

one or more roads; and

a roadway system electricity grid;

wherein each of substantially all of the ground-based solar energy generating devices, independently, is electrically connected to the roadway system electricity grid and positioned on part of one of the roads or near to one or more of the roads.

48. The roadway system of claim 47, wherein each of substantially all of the ground-based solar energy generating devices, independently, is positioned on part of one of the roads or within between about 0 feet and about 500 feet from one or more of the roads.

49. The roadway system of claim 47, wherein each of substantially all of the ground-based solar energy generating devices, independently, is positioned on part of one of the roads or within between about 0 feet and about 50 feet from one or more of the roads.

50. The roadway system of claim 47, wherein each of substantially all of the ground-based solar energy generating devices, independently, is positioned on part of one of the roads.

51. The roadway system of claim 47, wherein each of substantially all of the ground-based solar energy generating devices comprises one or more solar cells selected from the group consisting of silicon wafer solar cell, thin-film solar cell, photoelectrochemical cell, nanocrystal solar cell and polymer solar cell.

52. The roadway system of claim 51, wherein each of substantially all of the ground-based solar energy generating devices, optionally, is positioned in a location at any of a median, a line divider, a breakdown lane, a guardrail, a road light or a road sign area.

53. The roadway system of claim 47, wherein substantially all of the ground-based solar energy generating devices comprises one or more polymer solar cells.

54. The roadway system of claim 47, wherein the ground-based solar energy generating devices are positioned along the roads with a density of at least about 10 devices per mile of road.

55. The roadway system of claim 47, wherein the ground-based solar energy generating devices are positioned along the roads with a density of at least about 200 devices per mile of road.

56. The roadway system of claim 47, wherein each of the one or more roads is of any type of highway, turnpike, pike, toll road, state highway, freeway, clearway, expressway, parkway, causeway, throughway, interstate, speedway, autobahn, superhighway, street, roadway, railroad, train track, car race tack or airplane runway.

58. The roadway system of claim 47, further comprising a plurality of ground-based wind energy generating devices, wherein each of substantially all of the ground-based wind energy generating devices is electrically connected to the roadway system electricity grid and positioned on part of one of the roads or near to one or more of the roads.

59. The roadway system of claim 58, wherein each of the ground-based wind energy generating devices, optionally, comprises one or more of the ground-based solar energy generating devices.

60. The roadway system of claim 58, further comprising:

one or more service stations along the roads; and

one or more vehicles, each comprising

one or more vehicle-based wind energy generating devices; and

a vehicle-based energy storage system;

wherein for a given vehicle the respective one or more vehicle-based wind energy generating devices are electrically connected to the vehicle-based energy storage system of the given vehicle to thereby allow deposition of energy generated by the one or more vehicle-based wind energy generating devices into the vehicle-based energy storage system.

61. The roadway system of claim 60, wherein each vehicle-based energy storage system, optionally, is portable to thereby allow exchange of the vehicle-based energy storage system at the one or more service stations.

62. The roadway system of claim 60, further comprising for a given vehicle, one or more vehicle-based solar energy generating devices that are electrically connected to the vehicle-based energy storage system of the give vehicle to thereby allow deposition of energy generated by the respective one or more vehicle-based solar energy generating devices into the vehicle-based energy storage system.

63. The roadway system of claim 58, further comprising:

one or more service stations along the roads; and

one or more vehicles, each comprising

one or more vehicle-based solar energy generating devices; and

a vehicle-based energy storage system;

wherein for a given vehicle the respective one or more vehicle-based solar energy generating devices are electrically connected to the vehicle-based energy storage system of the given vehicle to thereby allow deposition of energy generated by the one or more vehicle-based solar energy generating devices into the vehicle-based energy storage system.

64. The roadway system of claim 63, further comprising for a given vehicle, one or more vehicle-based wind energy generating devices that are electrically connected to the vehicle-based energy storage system of the give vehicle to thereby allow deposition of energy generated by the respective one or more vehicle-based wind energy generating devices into the vehicle-based energy storage system.

65. The roadway system of claim 47, wherein the roadway system electricity grid further comprises means for storing energy generated by the roadway system.

66. The roadway system of claim 47, wherein the roadway system electricity grid further comprises means for inverting energy generated by the roadway system.

67. The roadway system of claim 47, wherein the roadway system electricity grid further comprises one or more single power source changing units.

68. The roadway system of claim 47, further comprising means for metering electricity.

69. The roadway system of claim 47, wherein the roadway system electricity grid further comprises one or more backup power systems.

70. A roadway system for energy generation and distribution, comprising:

a plurality of ground-based wind energy generating devices;

a plurality of ground-based solar energy generating devices one or more roads; and

a roadway system electricity grid;

wherein each of substantially all of the ground-based wind energy generating devices is electrically connected to the roadway system electricity grid and positioned on part of one of the roads or near to one or more of the roads to thereby allow energy generation from wind created from passing vehicles in addition to energy generation from atmospheric wind, and each of substantially all of the ground-based solar energy generating devices is electrically connected to the roadway system electricity grid and positioned on part of one of the roads or near to one or more of the roads.

71. The roadway system of claim 70, further comprising:

one or more service stations along the roads; and

one or more vehicles, each comprising

one or more vehicle-based wind energy generating devices; and

a vehicle-based energy storage system;

wherein for a given vehicle the respective one or more vehicle-based wind energy generating devices are electrically connected to the vehicle-based energy storage system of the given vehicle to thereby allow deposition of energy generated by the one or more vehicle-based wind energy generating devices into the vehicle-based energy storage system.

72. The roadway system of claim 71, wherein each vehicle-based energy storage system, optionally, is portable to thereby allow exchange of the vehicle-based energy storage system at the one or more service stations.

73. The roadway system of claim 71, further comprising for a given vehicle, one or more vehicle-based solar energy generating devices that are electrically connected to the vehicle-based energy storage system of the give vehicle to thereby allow deposition of energy generated by the respective one or more vehicle-based solar energy generating devices into the vehicle-based energy storage system.

74. The roadway system of claim 70, further comprising:

one or more service stations along the roads; and

one or more vehicles, each comprising

one or more vehicle-based solar energy generating devices; and

a vehicle-based energy storage system;

wherein for a given vehicle the respective one or more vehicle-based solar energy generating devices are electrically connected to the vehicle-based energy storage system of the given vehicle to thereby allow deposition of energy generated by the one or more vehicle-based solar energy generating devices into the vehicle-based energy storage system.

75. The roadway system of claim 74, further comprising for a given vehicle, one or more vehicle-based wind energy generating devices that are electrically connected to the vehicle-based energy storage system of the give vehicle to thereby allow deposition of energy generated by the respective one or more vehicle-based wind energy generating devices into the vehicle-based energy storage system.

76. A roadway system for energy generation and distribution, comprising:

a plurality of ground-based wind energy generating devices;

a plurality of ground-based solar energy generating devices;

one or more vehicles, each comprising

one or more vehicle-based solar energy generating devices; and

a vehicle-based energy storage system;

one or more roads; and

a roadway system electricity grid;

wherein each of substantially all of the ground-based wind energy generating devices is electrically connected to the roadway system electricity grid and positioned on part of one of the roads or near to one or more of the roads to thereby allow energy generation from wind created from passing vehicles in addition to energy generation from atmospheric wind, each of substantially all of the ground-based solar energy generating devices is electrically connected to the roadway system electricity grid and positioned on part of one of the roads or near to one or more of the roads, and the one or more vehicle-based solar energy generating devices are electrically connected to the vehicle-based energy storage system to thereby allow deposition of energy generated by the one or more vehicle-based solar energy generating devices into the vehicle-based energy storage system.

77. A roadway system for energy generation and distribution, comprising:

a plurality of ground-based wind energy generating devices;

a plurality of ground-based solar energy generating devices;

one or more vehicles, each comprising

one or more vehicle-based wind energy generating devices; and

a vehicle-based energy storage system;

one or more roads; and

a roadway system electricity grid;

wherein each of substantially all of the ground-based wind energy generating devices is electrically connected to the roadway system electricity grid and positioned on part of one of the roads or near to one or more of the roads to thereby allow energy generation from wind created from passing vehicles in addition to energy generation from atmospheric wind, each of substantially all of the ground-based solar energy generating devices is electrically connected to the roadway system electricity grid and positioned on part of one of the roads or near to one or more of the roads, and for a given vehicle the respective one or more vehicle-based wind energy generating devices are electrically connected to the vehicle-based energy storage system of the given vehicle to thereby allow deposition of energy generated by the one or more vehicle-based wind energy generating devices into the vehicle-based energy storage system.

78. The roadway system of claim 77, further comprising one or more service stations along the roads, wherein each vehicle-based energy storage system, optionally, is portable to thereby allow exchange of the vehicle-based energy storage system at the one or more service stations.

79. A roadway system for energy generation and distribution, comprising:

a plurality of ground-based wind energy generating devices;

a plurality of ground-based solar energy generating devices;

one or more vehicles, each comprising

one or more vehicle-based wind energy generating devices and one or more vehicle-based solar energy generating devices; and

a vehicle-based energy storage system;

one or more roads; and

a roadway system electricity grid;

wherein each of substantially all of the ground-based wind energy generating devices is electrically connected to the roadway system electricity grid and positioned on part of one of the roads or near to one or more of the roads to thereby allow energy generation from wind created from passing vehicles in addition to energy generation from atmospheric wind, each of substantially all of the ground-based solar energy generating devices is electrically connected to the roadway system electricity grid and positioned on part of one of the roads or near to one or more of the roads, and for a given vehicle the respective one or more vehicle-based wind energy generating devices and respective one or more vehicle-based solar energy generating devices are electrically connected to the vehicle-based energy storage system for the given vehicle to thereby allow deposition of energy generated by the one or more vehicle-based wind energy generating devices and one or more vehicle-based solar energy generating devices into the vehicle-based energy storage system.

80. The roadway system of claim 79, further comprising one or more service stations along the roads, wherein each vehicle-based energy storage system, optionally, is portable to thereby allow exchange of the vehicle-based energy storage system at the one or more service stations.

81. A roadway system for energy generation and distribution, comprising:

a plurality of ground-based wind energy generating devices;

one or more roads; and

a roadway system electricity grid;

wherein each of substantially all of the ground-based wind energy generating devices is electrically connected to the roadway system electricity grid and positioned on a median of one of the roads or within about 25 feet from one or more of the roads to thereby allow energy generation from wind created from passing vehicles in addition to energy generation from atmospheric wind, and at least 90% (by number) of the plurality of ground-based wind energy generating devices is equal to or less than about 10 feet in height.

82. A method for generating and distributing energy, comprising:

generating energy from wind created from passing vehicles using

a plurality of ground-based wind energy generation devices, wherein each of substantially all of the ground-based wind energy generating devices is electrically connected to a roadway system electricity grid and positioned on part of a road or near to one or more roads.

83. The method of claim 82, further comprising

generating energy using a plurality of ground-based solar energy generating devices,

wherein each of substantially all of the ground-based solar energy generating devices is electrically connected to the roadway system electricity grid and positioned on part of one of the roads or near to one or more of the roads.

84. The method of claim 83, further comprising:

generating energy using one or more vehicle-based wind energy generating devices affixed to moving or stationary vehicles;

storing the energy generated by the one or more vehicle-based wind energy generating devices in a vehicle-based energy storage system.

85. The method of claim 84, further comprising:

generating energy using one or more vehicle-based solar energy generating devices;

storing the energy generated by the one or more vehicle-based solar energy generating devices in the vehicle-based energy storage system.

86. The method of claim 85, further comprising exchanging the vehicle-based energy storage system at one of one or more service stations.

87. The method of claim 86, further comprising storing the energy generated by the plurality of ground-based wind energy generating devices in one or more ground-based energy storage systems.

88. The method of claim 87, further comprising storing the energy generated by the plurality of ground-based solar energy generating devices in one or more ground-based energy storage systems.

89. The method of claim 88, further comprising inverting energy stored in the one or more ground-based energy storage systems.

90. The method of claim 89, further comprising distributing energy contained in one or more vehicle-based energy storage systems and/or energy contained in one or more ground-based energy storage systems to any or a combination of one or more utility grids, one or more vehicle-based energy storage systems, one or more ground-based energy storage systems, one or more direct power loads, or a hydrogen facility.

91. The method of claim 90, further comprising

using energy that was distributed to the hydrogen facility to form hydrogen;

storing the hydrogen;

releasing energy from stored hydrogen; and

distributing the released energy to any or a combination of one or more utility grids, one or more vehicle-based energy storage systems, one or more ground-based energy storage systems, one or more direct power loads, or a hydrogen facility.

92. The method of claim 90, wherein the released energy is distributed to one or more utility grids at peak electricity demand times.

93. The method of claim 82, further comprising registrating vehicles at a service station or service area for tracking and billing purposes.