INTEGRATION OF SAMPLE STORAGE AND SAMPLE MANAGEMENT FOR LIFE SCIENCE

• US 20080176209A1
• Filed: 10/22/2007
• Published: 07/24/2008
• Est. Priority Date: 04/08/2004
• Status: Abandoned Application

• Current Assignee: Biomatrica, Inc. (Exact Sciences Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Biomatrica, Inc. (Exact Sciences Corporation)
• Inventors: Muller, Rolf, Muller-Cohn, Judy, de Rozieres, Sohela, Ohgi, Sharron
• Application Number:
  US11/876,667
• Publication Number:
  US 20080176209A1
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 435/2
• CPC Class Codes: A01N 1/00 Preservation of bodies of humans or animals, or parts thereof
• CPC Class Codes: A01N 1/02 Preservation of living parts
• CPC Class Codes: A01N 1/0231 Chemically defined matrices, e.g. alginate gels, for immobilising, holding or storing cells, tissue or organs for preservation purposes; Chemically altering or fixing cells, tissue or organs, e.g. by cross-linking, for preservation purposes
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2300/022 Transponder chips
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2300/023 Sending and receiving of information, e.g. using bluetooth
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2300/043 Hinged closures
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2300/069 Absorbents; Gels to retain a fluid
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2300/0829 Multi-well plates; Microtitration plates
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2400/0487 fluid pressure, pneumatics
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 3/50255 Multi-well filtration
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 3/5085 for multiple samples, e.g. microtitration plates
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 3/50853 with covers or lids
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 3/50855 using modular assemblies of strips or of individual wells
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 3/545 for laboratory containers
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2035/00108 Test strips, e.g. paper
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2035/00782 reprogrammmable code
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 35/00871 Communications between instruments or with remote terminals
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 35/028 having reaction cells in the form of microtitration plates

Abstract

Compositions and methods are disclosed for substantially dry storage at ambient temperatures of biological samples such as nucleic acids and cells in a form from which nucleic acids can be recovered, using a dissolvable or dissociable dry storage matrix that permits recovery of biologically active materials. Compositions and methods are also disclosed for automated storing, tracking retrieving and analyzing of nucleic acid samples. RFID-tagged biological sample storage devices featuring dissolvable or dissociable matrices are described for use as supports of biological samples, which matrices can be dried and subsequently rehydrated for sample recovery. Also disclosed are computer-implemented systems and methods for managing sample data.

Claims

1. A substantially dry-storable nucleic acid sample, comprising:

(a) an isolated nucleic acid in interactive contact with;

(b) a substantially dry matrix material that dissolves or dissociates in a solvent and that has been dried, during or after fluid contact in the solvent with said nucleic acid of (a), to substantially remove said solvent; and

(c) at least one stabilizer.

11. The substantially dry-storable isolated nucleic acid sample of claims 1 or 2 wherein the matrix material comprises polyvinyl alcohol.

12. The substantially dry-storable isolated nucleic acid sample according to claim 11 wherein the matrix material has been substantially dried from a solution that comprises from about 0.1% to about 10% weight-to-volume polyvinyl alcohol.

13. The substantially dry-storable isolated nucleic acid sample of claim 12 the solution is selected from the group consisting of:

(i) a solution that comprises from about 1% weight-to-volume to about 5% weight-to-volume polyvinyl alcohol and about 5% weight-to-volume of a trehalase inhibitor,

(ii) a solution that comprises about 1% weight-to-volume polyvinyl alcohol and about 1% to about 10% weight-to-volume of a trehalase inhibitor, and

(iii) a solution that comprises about 1% weight-to-volume polyvinyl alcohol, about 5% weight-to-volume trehalose and about 5% weight-to-volume of a trehalase inhibitor.

(iv) a solution that comprises about 1% weight-to-volume polyvinyl alcohol,

(v) a solution that comprises about 3% weight-to-volume polyvinyl alcohol,

(vi) a solution that comprises about 5% weight-to-volume polyvinyl alcohol,

(vii) a solution that comprises about 1% weight-to-volume polyvinyl alcohol as the matrix material and about 5% weight-to-volume melezitose as the stabilizer,

(viii) a solution that comprises about 1% weight-to-volume polyvinyl alcohol and about 1% weight-to-volume melezitose as the stabilizer, and

(ix) a solution that comprises about 1% weight-to-volume polyvinyl alcohol, about 0. 1% weight-to-volume melezitose as the stabilizer

(x) a solution that comprises about 0.5-7.5% weight-to-volume polyvinyl alcohol and wherein the at least one stabilizer comprises one or more of β

-lactose and melezitose.

14. The substantially dry-storable isolated nucleic acid sample of either claim 1 or claim 2 wherein the matrix material comprises at least one material selected from the group consisting of polyethylene glycol, agarose, poly-N-vinylacetamide, polyvinyl alcohol, a sulfonic acid group modified polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose, 2-hydroxyethyl cellulose, poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline), poly(vinyl-pyrrolidone), poly(4-vinylpyridine), polyphenylene oxide, acrylamide, polylactide, lactide/glycolide copolymer, poly(diethyelene glycol)/cyclohexanedimethanol salt-alt-isophthalic acid sulfonated, poly(methylvinylether), hydroxymethacrylate copolymer, and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate.

15. The substantially dry-storable isolated nucleic acid sample of either claim 1 or claim 2 wherein the at least one stabilizer is selected from the group consisting of β

-lactose, hydroxyectoine, β

-glutamine, L-camitine, myo-inositol, magnesium D-gluconate, (tert-Butoxycarbonylmethylene)triphenylphosphorane, D(+)-raffinose pentahydrate, β

-gentiobiose, trehalose, D-maltose, mel ezitose, mel ibiose, lactitol, maltitol, mannitol, sucrose, cellobiose, inositol, 2-keto-D-gluconic acid hemicalcium salt hydrate, calcium lactobionate monohydrate, turanose, D-leucrose, validamycin and chitosan.

16. The substantially dry-storable isolated nucleic acid sample of either claim 1 or claim 2 wherein substantially all biological activity of the nucleic acid sample is recoverable following storage without refrigeration for a time period of at least one day.

18. The substantially dry-storable isolated nucleic acid sample according to either claim 1 or claim 2, further comprising a buffer that is capable of maintaining a desired pH.

21. The substantially dry-storable isolated nucleic acid sample according to either claim 1 or claim 2, which comprises at least one detectable indicator.

22. The substantially dry-storable isolated nucleic acid sample of claim 21 wherein the detectable indicator comprises a colorimetric indicator.

2. A substantially dry-storable nucleic acid sample, comprising:

(a) an isolated nucleic acid;

(b) a substantially dry matrix material that dissolves or dissociates in a solvent and that has been dried, during or after fluid contact in the solvent with said nucleic acid of (a), to substantially remove said solvent; and

(c) at least one stabilizer.

3. The substantially dry-storable isolated nucleic acid sample of claim 2 which comprises at least two stabilizers.

4. The substantially dry-storable isolated nucleic acid sample of claim 2 wherein the at least one stabilizer comprises a trehalase inhibitor.

5. The substantially dry-storable isolated nucleic acid sample of claim 2 wherein the matrix material comprises polyvinyl alcohol.

6. The substantially dry-storable isolated nucleic acid sample of claim 2 wherein the at least one stabilizer comprises (a) a glycosidase inhibitor that is selected from the group consisting of:

(i) a trehalase inhibitor,

(ii) a chitinase inhibitor,

(iii) a β

-glucosidase inhibitor,

(iv) a β

-glucosidase inhibitor,

(v) a β

-galactosidase inhibitor,

(vi) a β

-fructofuranosidase inhibitor,

(vii) a neuraminidase inhibitor, and

(viii) a lysosomal glycosidase inhibitor.

7. The substantially dry-storable isolated nucleic acid sample according to claim 4 wherein the trehalase inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of suidatrestin, validamycin A, validoxylamine A, MDL 26537, trehazolin, salbostatin and casuarine-6-O-α

-D-glucopyranoside.

8. The substantially dry-storable isolated nucleic acid sample according to claim 6 wherein the β

-fructofuranosidase inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of α

-methyl glucoside, cellobiose, D-fructose, D-glucose, fructose, galactose, glucose, lactose, maltose, melezitose, melibiose, sucrose, trehalose and turanose.

9. The substantially dry-storable isolated nucleic acid sample according to claim 2 wherein the solvent is a biocompatible solvent.

10. The substantially dry-storable isolated nucleic acid sample according to claim 2 wherein the at least one stabilizer comprises an inhibitor that is a biological inhibitor or a biochemical inhibitor.

17. The substantially dry-storable isolated nucleic acid sample of claim 6 wherein substantially all biological activity is recoverable following storage without refrigeration for a time period that is selected from the group consisting of (i) at least one week, (ii) at least one month, (iii) at least six months, (iv) at least nine months, (v) at least twelve months, (vi) at least eighteen months, and (vii) at least twenty-four months.

19. The substantially dry-storable isolated nucleic acid sample of claim 10 wherein the biological inhibitor or biochemical inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of a kinase inhibitor, a phosphatase inhibitor, a caspase inhibitor, a granzyme inhibitor, a cell adhesion inhibitor, a cell division inhibitor, a cell cycle inhibitor, a lipid signaling. inhibitor, a glycosidase inhibitor, a nuclease inhibitor, and a protease inhibitor.

20. The substantially dry-storable isolated nucleic acid sample of claim 10 wherein the biological inhibitor or biochemical inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of a reducing agent, an alkylating agent, an antiviral agent, an antifungal agent and an antimicrobial agent.

23. A substantially dry-storable isolated nucleic acid sample, comprising:

(a) an isolated nucleic acid;

(b) a substantially dry matrix material that dissolves or dissociates in a solvent, and that has been dried during or after fluid contact in the solvent with said isolated nucleic acid of (a), to substantially remove said solvent; and

(c) at least one stabilizer,

wherein;

(I) the matrix material of (b) does not covalently self-assemble and has the structure;

—

[—

X—

]_n—

wherein X is —

CH₃, —

CH₂—

, —

CH₂CH(OH)—

, substituted —

CH₂CH(OH)—

, —

CH₂CH(COOH)—

, substituted —

CH₂CH(COOH)—

, —

CH═

CH₂, —

CH═

CH—

, C₁-C₂₄ alkyl or substituted alkyl, C_2-24 alkenyl or substituted alkenyl, polyoxyethylene, polyoxypropylene, or a random or block copolymer thereof;

and wherein n is an integer having a value of about 1-100, 101-500, 501-1000, 1001-1500, or 1501-3000; and

wherein

(II) the stabilizer is not covalently linked to the polymer.

24. The substantially dry-storable isolated nucleic acid sample of claim 23 wherein the stabilizer comprises a compound that is selected from the group consisting of suidatrestin, validamycin A, validoxylamine A, MDL 26537, trehazolin, salbostatin, casuarine-6-O-α

-D-glucopyranoside, β

-lactose, hydroxyectoine, β

-glutamine, L-carnitine, myo-inositol, magnesium D-gluconate, (tert-Butoxycarbonylmethylene)triphenylphosphorane, D(+)-raffinose pentahydrate, β

-gentiobiose, trehalose, D-maltose, melezitose, melibiose, lactitol, maltitol, mannitol, sucrose, cellobiose, inositol, 2-keto-D-gluconic acid hemicalcium salt hydrate, calcium lactobionate monohydrate, turanose, D-leucrose, and chitosan.

25. A method of storing a substantially dry-storable nucleic acid sample, comprising:

(a) contacting, in a biocompatible solvent, an isolated nucleic acid with (i) a matrix material that dissolves or dissociates in the biocompatible solvent and at least one stabilizer;

(b) substantially drying the matrix material during or after said step of contacting to obtain a substantially dry-storable isolated nucleic acid sample; and

(c) maintaining the substantially dry-storable isolated nucleic acid sample for a time period of at least one day without refrigeration, and thereby storing said substantially dry-storable isolated nucleic acid sample;

wherein substantially all biological activity of the substantially dry-storable isolated nucleic acid sample is recoverable following storage without refrigeration for a time period of at least one day.

26. The method of claim 25 wherein

(a) the step of contacting comprises simultaneously dissolving or dissociating the matrix material in the solvent, or wherein

(b) the step of contacting is preceded by dissolving or dissociating the matrix material in the solvent, or wherein

(c) the step of contacting is followed by dissolving or dissociating the matrix material in the solvent.

27-30. -30. (canceled)

31. A method of recovering a stored substantially dry-storable nucleic acid sample comprising:

(a) contacting in a first biocompatible solvent, simultaneously or sequentially and in any order in a storage device, (i) an isolated nucleic acid with (ii) a matrix which comprises a matrix material that dissolves or dissociates in the first biocompatible solvent and at least one stabilizer, wherein said storage device comprises one or a plurality of sample vessels capable of containing the isolated nucleic acid and the matrix;

(b) substantially drying the matrix during or after said step of contacting to obtain a substantially dry-storable isolated nucleic acid sample in the storage device;

(c) maintaining the storage device without refrigeration subsequent to the steps of contacting and drying; and

(d) resuspending or redissolving the substantially dry-storable nucleic acid sample in a second biocompatible solvent, and therefrom recovering said stored substantially dry-storable nucleic acid sample.

32. The method of claim 31 wherein the second biocompatible solvent is selected from the group consisting of (i) a solvent that is the same as the first solvent;

and (ii) a solvent that is different from the first solvent.

33. The method of claim 31 wherein the matrix material comprises polyvinyl alcohol.

34-35. -35. (canceled)

36. A substantially dry-storable cell sample for recovering cellular nucleic acid, comprising:

(a) one or a plurality of isolated intact cells that contains nucleic acid; and

(b) a dry-storage matrix that comprises (i) a matrix material that dissolves or dissociates in a solvent, (ii) at least one stabilizer, and (iii) a sample treatment composition,

wherein the matrix has been dried to substantially remove the solvent before, during or after contacting the dry-storage matrix with the intact cell, thereby to provide said substantially dry-storable cell sample.

37. The substantially dry-storable cell sample of claim 36 wherein following drying, the sample is maintained for a time period of at least one day without refrigeration.

38. The substantially dry-storable cell sample of claim 36 which comprises at least two stabilizers.

39. The substantially dry-storable cell sample of claim 36 wherein the at least one stabilizer comprises a trehalase inhibitor.

40. The substantially dry-storable cell sample of claim 36 wherein the matrix material comprises polyvinyl alcohol.

41. The substantially dry-storable cell sample of claim 36 wherein the at least one stabilizer comprises a glycosidase inhibitor that is selected from the group consisting of:

(i) a trehalase inhibitor,

(ii) a chitinase inhibitor,

(iii) an α

-glucosidase inhibitor,

(iv) a β

-glucosidase inhibitor,

(v) a β

-galactosidase inhibitor,

(vi) a β

-fructofuranosidase inhibitor,

(vii) a neuraminidase inhibitor, and

(viii) a lysosomal glycosidase inhibitor.

42. The substantially dry-storable cell sample according to claim 39 wherein the trehalase inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of suidatrestin, validamycin A, validoxylamine A, MDL 26537, trehazolin, salbostatin and casuarine-6-O-α

-D-glucopyranoside.

43. The substantially dry-storable cell sample according to claim 41 wherein the β

-galactosidase inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of D-galactono-1,4-lactone, lactose, L-arabinose, L-fucose, fructose, sucrose, D-galactose, dextrose, maltose, raffinose, xylose, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), melibiose, D-arabinose, cellobiose, D-glucose and galactose.

44. The substantially dry-storable cell sample according to claim 36 wherein the solvent is a biocompatible solvent.

45. The substantially dry-storable cell sample according to claim 36 wherein the at least one stabilizer comprises an inhibitor that is a biological inhibitor or a biochemical inhibitor.

46. The substantially dry-storable cell sample of claim 36 wherein the matrix material comprises polyvinyl alcohol.

47. The substantially dry-storable storable cell sample according to claim 36 wherein the dry-storage matrix has been substantially dried from a solution that is selected from the group consisting of

(i) a solution that comprises from about 0.1% to about 10% weight-to-volume polyvinyl alcohol,

(ii) a solution that comprises from about 0.5% to about 5% weight-to-volume polyvinyl alcohol,

(iii) a solution that comprises from about 1% to about 5% weight-to-volume polyvinyl alcohol,

(iv) a solution that comprises from about 0.5% to about 1.5% weight-to-volume polyvinyl alcohol,

(v) a solution that comprises about 1% weight-to-volume polyvinyl alcohol,

(vi) a solution that comprises about 3% weight-to-volume polyvinyl alcohol,

(vii) a solution that comprises about 5% weight-to-volume polyvinyl alcohol,

(viii) a solution that comprises about 1% weight-to-volume polyvinyl alcohol and about 5% weight-to-volume trehalose,

(ix) a solution that comprises about 1% weight-to-volume polyvinyl alcohol and about 5% weight-to-volume validamycin,

(x) a solution that comprises about 1% weight-to-volume polyvinyl alcohol, about 5% weight-to-volume trehalose and about 5% weight-to-volume validamycin,

(xi) a solution that comprises from about 1% weight-to-volume to about 5% weight-to-volume polyvinyl alcohol and about 5% weight-to-volume of a trehalase inhibitor,

(xii) a solution that comprises about 1% weight-to-volume polyvinyl alcohol and about 1% to about 10% weight-to-volume of a trehalase inhibitor,

(xiii) a solution that comprises about 1% weight-to-volume polyvinyl alcohol, about 5% weight-to-volume trehalose and about 5% weight-to-volume of a trehalase inhibitor,

(xiv) a solution that comprises about 1% weight-to-volume polyvinyl alcohol and about 5% weight-to-volume β

-lactose as the stabilizer,

(xv) a solution that comprises about 1% weight-to-volume polyvinyl alcohol and about 1% weight-to-volume β

-lactose as the stabilizer, and

(xvi) a solution that comprises about 1% weight-to-volume polyvinyl alcohol, about 0.1% weight-to-volume β

-lactose as the stabilizer

(xvii) a solution that comprises about 0.5-7.5% weight-to-volume polyvinyl alcohol and wherein the at least one stabilizer comprises one or more of β

-lactose and raffinose.

48. The substantially dry-storable cell sample according to claim 36 which comprises at least a first and a second stabilizer, wherein if the said first stabilizer comprises β

-lactose, then said second stabilizer comprises a β

-galactosidase inhibitor.

49. The substantially dry-storable cell sample of claim 36 wherein the matrix material comprises at least one material selected from the group consisting of polyethylene glycol, agarose, poly-N-vinylacetamide, polyvinyl alcohol, a sulfonic acid group modified polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose, 2-hydroxyethyl cellulose, poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline), poly(vinyl-pyrrolidone), poly(4-vinylpyridine), polyphenylene oxide, acrylamide, polylactide, lactide/glycolide copolymer, poly(diethyelene glycol)/cyclohexanedimethanol salt-alt-isophthalic acid sulfonated, poly(methylvinylether), hydroxymethacrylate copolymer, and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate.

50. The substantially dry-storable cell sample of claim 36 wherein the at least one stabilizer is selected from the group consisting of β

-lactose, hydroxyectoine, β

-glutamine, L-camitine, myo-inositol, magnesium D-gluconate, (tert-Butoxycarbonylmethylene)triphenylphosphorane, D(+)-raffinose pentahydrate, β

-gentiobiose, trehalose, D-maltose, melezitose, melibiose, lactitol, maltitol, mannitol, sucrose, cellobiose, inositol, 2-keto-D-gluconic acid hemicalcium salt hydrate, calcium lactobionate monohydrate, turanose, D-leucrose, validamycin and chitosan.

52. The substantially dry-storable cell sample of either claim 36 or claim 51 wherein the intact cell is:

(a) selected from the group consisting of a eukaryotic cell, a prokaryotic cell, an archae and a virus,

(b) a eukaryotic cell that is selected from the group consisting of an animal cell, a plant cell and a yeast cell, or

(c) a eukaryotic animal cell that is selected from the group consisting of a mammalian cell, a non-mammalian vertebrate cell, and an invertebrate cell, or

(d) a blood cell or a cell present in a buccal sample.

53. The substantially dry-storable cell sample of claim 52 further comprising one or a plurality of intact cells that have not been dehydrated prior to contacting with the matrix.

54. The substantially dry-storable cell sample according to claim 36, further comprising a buffer that is capable of maintaining a desired pH.

55. The substantially dry-storable cell sample of claim 45 wherein the biological inhibitor or biochemical inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of a kinase inhibitor, a phosphatase inhibitor, a caspase inhibitor, a granzyme inhibitor, a cell adhesion inhibitor, a cell division inhibitor, a cell cycle inhibitor, a lipid signaling inhibitor, a glycosidase inhibitor, a nuclease inhibitor, and a protease inhibitor.

56. The substantially dry-storable cell sample of claim 45 wherein the biological inhibitor or biochemical inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of a reducing agent, an alkylating agent, an antiviral agent, an antifungal agent and an antimicrobial agent.

57. The substantially dry-storable cell sample according to claim 36, which comprises at least one detectable indicator.

58. The substantially dry-storable cell sample of claim 57 wherein the detectable indicator comprises a calorimetric indicator.

51. A substantially dry-storable cell sample for recovering cellular nucleic acid, comprising:

(a) one or a plurality of isolated intact cells that contain nucleic acid; and

(b) a dry-storage matrix that comprises (i) a matrix material that dissolves or dissociates in a solvent, (ii) a first stabilizer which comprises β

-lactose, and (iii) a second stabilizer that is selected from the group consisting of D-galactono-1,4-lactone, L-arabinose, L-fucose, fructose, sucrose, D-galactose, dextrose, maltose, raffinose, xylose, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), melibiose, D-arabinose, cellobiose, D-glucose, and galactose, wherein the matrix has been dried to substantially remove the solvent before, during or after contacting the dry-storage matrix with the intact cell, thereby to provide said substantially dry-storable cell sample, wherein said matrix material comprises polyvinyl alcohol.

59. A substantially dry-storable cell sample for recovering cellular nucleic acid, comprising:

(a) one or a plurality of isolated intact cells that contains nucleic acid; and

(b) a dry-storage matrix that comprises (i) a matrix material that dissolves or dissociates in a solvent, and (ii) at least one stabilizer, wherein the matrix has been dried to substantially remove the solvent before, during or after contacting the dry-storage matrix with the intact cell, thereby to provide said substantially dry-storable cell sample, wherein;

(I) the matrix material does not covalently self-assemble and has the structure;

—

[—

X—

]_n—

wherein X is —

CH₃, —

CH₂—

, —

CH₂CH(OH)—

, substituted —

CH₂CH(OH)—

, —

CH₂CH(COOH)—

, substituted —

CH₂CH(COOH)—

, —

CH═

CH₂, —

CH═

CH—

, C₁-C₂₄ alkyl or substituted alkyl, C_2-24 alkenyl or substituted alkenyl, polyoxyethylene, polyoxypropylene, or a random or block copolymer thereof;

and wherein n is an integer having a value of about 1-100, 101-500, 501-1000, 1001-1500, or 1501-3000; and

wherein

(II) the stabilizer is not covalently linked to the polymer.

60. The substantially dry-storable cell sample- of claim 59 wherein the stabilizer comprises a compound that is selected from the group consisting of suidatrestin, validamycin A, validoxylamine A, MDL 26537, trehazolin, salbostatin, casuarine-6-O-α

-D-glucopyranoside, β

-lactose, hydroxyectoine, β

-glutamine, L-carnitine, myo-inositol, magnesium D-gluconate, (tert-Butoxycarbonylmethylene)triphenylphosphorane, D(+)-raffinose pentahydrate, β

-gentiobiose, trehalose, D-maltose, melezitose, melibiose, lactitol, maltitol, mannitol, sucrose, cellobiose, inositol, 2-keto-D-gluconic acid hemicalcium salt hydrate, calcium lactobionate monohydrate, turanose, D-leucrose, and chitosan.

61. A method of storing a cell sample from which cellular nucleic acid can be recovered, comprising:

(a) contacting, simultaneously or sequentially and in either order, (1) one or a plurality of intact cells that contain nucleic acid, and (2) a dry-storage matrix that comprises (i) a matrix material that dissolves or dissociates in a solvent, (ii) at least one stabilizer, and (iii) a sample treatment composition, thereby to provide a cell sample composition;

(b) drying the cell sample composition of (a) to substantially remove said solvent before, during or after contact with said intact cell, thereby to provide a substantially dry-storable cell sample; and

(c) maintaining the substantially dry-storable cell sample without refrigeration for at least one day subsequent to the steps of contacting and drying, and thereby storing said cell sample from which nucleic acid can be recovered.

62. The method of claim 61 wherein the intact cell is:

(a) selected from the group consisting of a eukaryotic cell, a prokaryotic cell, an archae and a virus,

(b) a eukaryotic cell that is selected from the group consisting of an animal cell, a plant cell and a yeast cell, or

(c) a eukaryotic animal cell that is selected from the group consisting of a mammalian cell, a non-mammalian vertebrate cell, and an invertebrate cell, or

(d) a blood cell or a cell that is present in a buccal sample.

63. The method of claim 61 wherein

(a) the step of contacting comprises simultaneously dissolving or dissociating the matrix material in the solvent, or wherein

(b) the step of contacting is preceded by dissolving or dissociating the matrix material in the solvent, or wherein

(c) the step of contacting is followed by dissolving or dissociating the matrix material in the solvent.

70. The method of either claim 61, or claim 68 wherein the matrix material comprises polyvinyl alcohol.

64-67. -67. (canceled)

68. A method of recovering nucleic acid from a cell sample, comprising:

(a) contacting, simultaneously or sequentially and in either order in a storage device, (i) one or a plurality of isolated intact cells that contain nucleic acid and (ii) a dry-storage matrix, thereby to obtain one or a plurality of dry-storable cell samples, wherein said storage device comprises one or a plurality of sample wells that contain the dry-storage matrix and said isolated intact cells, and wherein said dry-storage matrix comprises (i) a matrix material that is dissolved or dissociated in a first solvent, and (ii) at least one stabilizer;

(b) drying said dry-storable cell sample to substantially remove said first solvent before, during or after the step of contacting;

(c) maintaining the substantially dry-storable cell sample without refrigeration for a period of at least one day subsequent to the steps of contacting and drying;

(d) resuspending or redissolving the substantially dry-storable cell sample in a second solvent, thereby isolating the nucleic acid to obtain isolated nucleic acid; and

(e) recovering the isolated nucleic acid, wherein if the cell comprises a non-bacterial cell then said step of recovering further comprises purifying the nucleic acid from the isolated nucleic acid of (d).

69. The method of claim 68 wherein the second biocompatible solvent is selected from the group consisting of (i) a solvent that is the same as the first solvent and (ii) a solvent that is different from the first solvent.

71. A substantially dry-storable cell sample for recovering cellular nucleic acid, comprising:

(a) one or a plurality of isolated intact cells that contain nucleic acid; and

(b) a dry-storage matrix that comprises (i) a matrix material that dissolves or dissociates in a solvent, (ii) at least one stabilizer, and (iii) an activity buffer, wherein the matrix has been substantially dried to remove the solvent before, during or after contacting the dry-storage matrix with the intact cell, thereby to provide said substantially dry-storable cell sample, and

wherein following drying, the substantially dry-storable cell sample is maintained for a time period of at least one day without refrigeration.

72-172. -172. (canceled)