METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR A TRANSCEIVER IN A MOBILE/FIXED RELAY WITH MULTIPLE ANTENNAS

• US 20080181174A1
• Filed: 05/11/2007
• Published: 07/31/2008
• Est. Priority Date: 01/25/2007
• Status: Abandoned Application

• Current Assignee: Four Friend Co., Ltd., Yong Soo Cho
• Original Assignee: Four Friend Co., Ltd., Yong Soo Cho
• Inventors: CHO, YONG SOO
• Application Number:
  US11/747,829
• Publication Number:
  US 20080181174A1
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 370/329
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/0617 for beam forming
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/0857 using maximum ratio combining techniques, e.g. signal-to- interference ratio [SIR], received signal strenght indication [RSS]
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/086 using weights depending on external parameters, e.g. direction of arrival [DOA], predetermined weights or beamforming
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/10 Polarisation diversity; Directional diversity

Abstract

Disclosed is a method and apparatus for increasingly improving a performance of a mobile communication system or a wireless broadcasting system, such as a Cellular System, a PCS (Personal Communication Service), a WiBro, a DMB (Digital Multimedia Broadcasting) or a GPS (Global Positioning System) by installing a mobile/fixed relay having multiple antennas in mobile vehicles, such as a automobile or a bus, or in fixed structures, such as a house or a building, to achieve beam-forming gain or diversity gain.

Claims

1. A transceiver for a mobile/fixed relay with multiple antennas, comprises the mobile/fixed relay in which a beam-forming antenna and a diversity antenna are coupled to improve a performance of a mobile communication system or a wireless broadcasting system, such as a cellular system, a PCS, a WiBro, a DMB and a GPS.

2. A transceiver for a mobile/fixed relay with multiple antennas of claim 1, wherein the beam-forming antenna employs an array antenna of a multiple circular configuration for multiple band, and the diversity antenna employs a dual polarized antenna for multiple band.

3. A transceiver for a mobile/fixed relay with multiple antennas of claim 2, wherein each interval of the antenna of the circular array antenna is a half wavelength.

4. A transceiver for a mobile/fixed relay having with multiple antennas of claim 2, wherein the circular array antenna is disposed in a half wavelength on the basis of a highest carrier frequency, or in a half wavelength on the basis of a lowest carrier frequency, or in a half wavelength of an average frequency in the multiple band.

5. A transceiver for a mobile/fixed relay with multiple antennas of claim 2, wherein an antenna element of the array antenna is embodied by an omni-directional antenna with a planar vertical polarized wave property.

6. A transceiver for a mobile/fixed relay with multiple antennas of claim 2, wherein the circular array antenna is united with a multiplexer.

7. A transceiver for a mobile/fixed relay with multiple antennas of claim 1, wherein the beam-forming antenna is at least one of a single circular antenna, a dual circular antenna and a triple circular antenna.

8. A transceiver for a mobile/fixed relay with multiple antennas able to improve a performance of mobile communication system in TDD communication system, which comprises:

an outer receiving antenna, comprising a beam-forming antenna and a diversity antenna, for receiving signals of each mobile communication system for a downward link signal;

a RF station for separating the signals received from the outer receiving antenna into signals of each mobile communication system and converting then into base-band signals;

an A/D converter for converting the signals converted into the base-band signals from analog signals into digital signals;

a synchronizer part for estimating and compensating synchronization from the signals converted into the digital signals;

a cell searcher for searching a target base station from the signals undergoing the synchronization process;

a channel estimator for estimating a channel from the signal undergoing the cell searching process;

a channel correlation measurer for measuring a correlation between the beam-forming antenna from the signals undergoing the channel estimator;

a channel rank measurer for measuring a channel rank between the beam-forming antennas from the signals undergoing the channel estimator;

a signal to interference ratio measurer for measuring a signal ratio of a target base station to an interference base station from the signals undergoing the channel estimator;

a channel correlation selector for selecting whether or not using a mobile/fixed relay beam-former for hard handover from the channel correlation value and the channel rank value;

a signal to interference ratio selector for selecting whether using a MRC or using an interference canceller from an estimated value of the signal to interference ratio, the channel correlation value and the channel rank value;

a mobile/fixed relay beam-former for hard handover used when the channel correlation value is larger than a reference channel correlation value, or the channel rank value is smaller than a reference channel rank value;

the MRC used when the channel correlation value is smaller than the reference channel correlation value, or the channel rank value is larger than the reference channel rank value, and the estimated value of the signal to interference ratio is larger than the value of the signal to interference ratio;

the interference canceller used when the channel correlation value is smaller than the reference channel correlation value, or the channel rank value is larger than the reference channel rank value, and the estimated value of the signal to interference ratio is smaller than the value of the signal to interference ratio;

a demodulator for demodulating from detected signals;

a modulator for modulating the demodulated signals;

a D/A converter for converting the modulated signals into the analog signals; and

an inner antenna for transmitting the converted signals to an inner terminal.

13. A transceiver for a mobile/fixed relay with multiple antennas of claim 8, wherein when a beam-former is selected, a circular array antenna which is the beam-former is used.

14. A transceiver for a mobile/fixed relay with multiple antennas of claim 8, wherein the MRC employs a signal of the diversity antenna.

16. A transceiver for a mobile/fixed relay with multiple antennas of claim 8, wherein the interference canceller employs a signal of the diversity antenna.

17. A transceiver for a mobile/fixed relay with multiple antennas of claim 8, wherein the channel correlation measurer estimates a signal received from the circular array antenna using a math equation as bellow,

$\begin{array}{c}\rho \end{array}$

= 〈

y n , y m 〉

= E 

[ y n 

y m ] - E 

[ y n ] 

E 

[ y m ] ( E 

[ y n 2 ] - E 

[ y n ] 2 ) 

( E 

[ y m 2 ] - E 

[ y m ] 2 )

where yn is a signal received in nth antenna, ym is a signal received in m^th antenna, and E[ ] denotes an average.

18. A transceiver for a mobile/fixed relay with multiple antennas of claim 8, wherein the channel correlation measurer employs a circular array antenna and estimates a channel correlation between the antennas using a math equation as bellow,

$\begin{array}{c}\rho \end{array}$

= 〈

H n , H m 〉

= E 

[ H n 

H m ] - E 

[ H n ] 

E 

[ H m ] ( E 

[ H n 2 ] - E 

[ H n ] 2 ) 

( E 

[ H m 2 ] - E 

[ H m ] 2 )

where Hn is a channel input through nth antenna, Hm is a channel input through mth antenna, and E[ ] denotes an average.

19. A transceiver for a mobile/fixed relay with multiple antennas of claim 8, wherein the channel rank measurer using a channel value employs a circular array antenna and measures a channel rank between the antennas using a math equation as bellow,

det(H_mn−

λ

I_mn)=0

where Hnm denotes a channel input through an antenna, m denotes an antenna and n denotes a tap or a sub-carrier of a channel.

20. A transceiver for a mobile/fixed relay with multiple antennas of claim 8, wherein the signal to interference ratio measurer estimates the ratio of a signal of a target base station to a signal of a adjacent base station acting as an interference, using a math equation as bellow,

$•$



SIR = 10 

log 10 

{ ∑

i = 0 N 

y 

( N Spacing ×

i + N offset + S T ) ×

P T 

( i ) ∑

k = 0 N 

{ ∑

i = 0 N 

y 

( N Spacing ×

i + N offset + S k ) ×

P k 

( i ) } }

where y denotes a received signal, PT denotes a preamble of a target signal, Pk denotes a preamble of kth interference signal, NSpacing denotes an interval between the frequencies of a preamble signal, NInt1 denotes the number of an interference signal, Np denotes the number of preamble sub-carrier wave, Noffset denotes an sub-carrier offset of preamble, ST denotes a segment of a target signal, and Sk denotes a segment of kth interference signal.

21. A transceiver for a mobile/fixed relay with multiple antennas of claim 8, wherein the cell searcher performs a searching an incidence angle and a cell, using a math equation as bellow,

$(C,\theta$

) = max c , θ



( a 

( θ

) H 

R c 

a 

( θ

) ) $\left(C,\mathrm{\theta <br><br>}\right)=\underset{c,\mathrm{\theta <br><br>}}{\max }<br><br>\left(\frac{1}{{a<br><br>\left(\mathrm{\theta <br><br>}\right)}^H<br><br>R_c^{-1}<br><br>a<br><br>\left(\mathrm{\theta <br><br>}\right)}\right)$ $\left(C,\mathrm{\theta <br><br>}\right)=\underset{c,\mathrm{\theta <br><br>}}{\max }<br><br>\left(\frac{1}{{a<br><br>\left(\mathrm{\theta <br><br>}\right)}^H<br><br>{\left(V_c\right)}_n<br><br>{\left(V_c\right)}_n^H<br><br>a<br><br>\left(\mathrm{\theta <br><br>}\right)}\right)$

where Rc denotes a self-correlation vector in an inter-correlation matrix of a preamble and a received signal, a(θ

) denotes a adjusting vector for an incidence angle θ

, (Vc)n denotes a noise sub-space vector, and C becomes Cell ID(C) and θ

becomes an incidence angle when each of the above equations becomes maximum.

22. A transceiver for a mobile/fixed relay with multiple antennas of claim 21, wherein some candidate of incidence angles is estimated from the received signals prior to estimation of Cell ID and incidence angle only for the candidate of the incidence angle, and wherein the candidate of the incidence angle is estimated in a first step,

$P$

( θ

) = max θ



( a 

( θ

) H 

Ra 

( θ

) ) $P<br><br>\left(\mathrm{\theta <br><br>}\right)=\underset{\mathrm{\theta <br><br>}}{\max }<br><br>\left(\frac{1}{{a<br><br>\left(\mathrm{\theta <br><br>}\right)}^H<br><br>R^{-1}<br><br>a<br><br>\left(\mathrm{\theta <br><br>}\right)}\right)$ $P<br><br>\left(\mathrm{\theta <br><br>}\right)=\underset{\mathrm{\theta <br><br>}}{\max }<br><br>\left(\frac{1}{{a<br><br>\left(\mathrm{\theta <br><br>}\right)}^H<br><br>V_n<br><br>V_n^H<br><br>a<br><br>\left(\mathrm{\theta <br><br>}\right)}\right)$

where R denotes a self-correlation matrix for a received signal, a(θ

) denotes a adjusting vector for an incidence angle θ

, M (M is a natural number) of θ

value becomes the candidate of the incidence angle in each equations, and the cell ID &

incidence angle are estimated in a second step using the candidate of the incidence angle,

$\left(C,\mathrm{\theta <br><br>}\right)=\underset{c,\mathrm{\theta <br><br>}}{\max }<br><br>\left({a<br><br>\left({\mathrm{\theta <br><br>}}_m\right)}^H<br><br>P_c\right),m=0,1,\mathrm{\cdots <br><br>}<br><br>,M-1$

where, θ

m means the candidate of the incidence angle estimated from the first step, M denotes the number of the candidate of the incidence angle, and the cell searching and the incidence angle is simultaneously estimated using the above equation.

23. A transceiver for a mobile/fixed relay with multiple antennas of claim 21, wherein direct searching, peak searching and joint peak searching method are used in simultaneously estimating the cell searching and the incidence angle which can estimate the cell ID &

the incidence angle, using the inter-correlation matrix of the preamble and the received signals.

24. A transceiver for a mobile/fixed relay with multiple antennas of claim 23, wherein the estimator of the direct searching method is to search a 0 value at which the product of the adjusting vectors becomes a maximum, while completing searching Cell ID, using an equation as bellow,

$\theta$

= asin 

{ E 

[ ln 

( P C l / P C l - 1 ) - j 



2 

π





d / λ

] }

where, PIc denotes an inter-correlation value of a received signal and a preamble signal of the cell ID from an Ith antenna, d denotes a distance between the antennas and λ

denotes a wavelength.

25. A transceiver for a mobile/fixed relay with multiple antennas of claim 23, wherein the estimator of the peak searching method is to search a θ

value at which the product of the adjusting vectors becomes a maximum, while completing searching the cell ID, using an equation as below,

$\mathrm{\theta <br><br>}=\underset{\mathrm{\theta <br><br>}}{\max }<br><br>\left({a<br><br>\left(\mathrm{\theta <br><br>}\right)}^H<br><br>P_C\right)$

where Pc denotes an inter-correlation value to a received signal and a preamble signal of the cell ID, and a(θ

) denotes the adjusting vector.

26. A transceiver for a mobile/fixed relay with multiple antennas of claim 23, wherein the estimator of the joint peak searching method is to search the cell ID and the incidence angle at which the product of the adjusting vector becomes a maximum after evaluating the inter-correlation with the received signal for possible cell ID, using an equation as below,

$(C,\theta$

) = max c , θ



( a 

( θ

) H 

P c )

where P denotes a correlation vector of a received signal and a preamble signal of the cell ID, and a(θ

) denotes a adjusting vector.

34. A method of transceiving for a mobile/fixed relay with multiple antennas of claim 8, wherein the channel rank measurement using a channel value employs a circular array antenna and measures a channel rank between the antennas using a math equation as bellow,

det(H_mn−

λ

I_mn)=0

where Hnm denotes a channel input through an antenna, m denotes an antenna and n denotes a tap or a sub-carrier of a channel.

35. A method of transceiving for a mobile/fixed relay with multiple antennas of claim 8, wherein the signal to interference ratio measurement estimates the ratio of a signal of a target base station to a signal of a adjacent base station acting as an interference, using a math equation as bellow,

$•$



SIR = 10 

log 10 

{ ∑

i = 0 N 

y 

( N Spacing ×

i + N offset + S T ) ×

P T 

( i ) ∑

k = 0 N 

{ ∑

i = 0 N 

y 

( N Spacing ×

i + N offset + S k ) ×

P k 

( i ) } }

where y denotes a received signal, PT denotes a preamble of a target signal, Pk denotes a preamble of kth interference signal, NSpacing denotes an interval between the frequencies of a preamble signal, NInt1 denotes the number of an interference signal, Np denotes the number of preamble sub-carrier wave, Noffset denotes an sub-carrier offset of preamble, ST denotes a segment of a target signal, and Sk denotes a segment of kth interference signal.

36. A method of transceiving for a mobile/fixed relay with multiple antennas of claim 8, wherein the cell searching performs a searching an incidence angle and a cell, using a math equation as bellow,

$(C,\theta$

) = max c , θ



( a 

( θ

) H 

R c 

a 

( θ

) ) $\left(C,\mathrm{\theta <br><br>}\right)=\underset{c,\mathrm{\theta <br><br>}}{\max }<br><br>\left(\frac{1}{{a<br><br>\left(\mathrm{\theta <br><br>}\right)}^H<br><br>R_c^{-1}<br><br>a<br><br>\left(\mathrm{\theta <br><br>}\right)}\right)$ $\left(C,\mathrm{\theta <br><br>}\right)=\underset{c,\mathrm{\theta <br><br>}}{\max }<br><br>\left(\frac{1}{{a<br><br>\left(\mathrm{\theta <br><br>}\right)}^H<br><br>{\left(V_c\right)}_n<br><br>{\left(V_c\right)}_n^H<br><br>a<br><br>\left(\mathrm{\theta <br><br>}\right)}\right)$

where Rc denotes a self-correlation vector in an inter-correlation matrix of a preamble and a received signal, a(θ

) denotes a adjusting vector for an incidence angle θ

, (Vc)n denotes a noise sub-space vector, and C becomes Cell ID(C) and θ

becomes an incidence angle when each of the above equations becomes maximum.

37. A method of transceiving for a mobile/fixed relay with multiple antennas of claim 21, wherein some candidate of incidence angles is estimated from the received signals prior to estimation of Cell ID and incidence angle only for the candidate of the incidence angle, and wherein the candidate of the incidence angle is estimated in a first step,

$P$

( θ

) = max θ



( a 

( θ

) H 

Ra 

( θ

) ) $P<br><br>\left(\mathrm{\theta <br><br>}\right)=\underset{\mathrm{\theta <br><br>}}{\max }<br><br>\left(\frac{1}{{a<br><br>\left(\mathrm{\theta <br><br>}\right)}^H<br><br>R^{-1}<br><br>a<br><br>\left(\mathrm{\theta <br><br>}\right)}\right)$ $P<br><br>\left(\mathrm{\theta <br><br>}\right)=\underset{\mathrm{\theta <br><br>}}{\max }<br><br>\left(\frac{1}{{a<br><br>\left(\mathrm{\theta <br><br>}\right)}^H<br><br>V_n<br><br>V_n^H<br><br>a<br><br>\left(\mathrm{\theta <br><br>}\right)}\right)$

where R denotes a self-correlation matrix for a received signal, a(θ

) denotes a adjusting vector for an incidence angle θ

, M (M is a natural number) of θ

value becomes the candidate of the incidence angle in each equations, and the cell ID &

incidence angle are estimated in a second step using the candidate of the incidence angle,

$\left(C,\mathrm{\theta <br><br>}\right)=\underset{c,\mathrm{\theta <br><br>}}{\max }<br><br>\left({a<br><br>\left({\mathrm{\theta <br><br>}}_m\right)}^H<br><br>P_c\right),m=0,1,\mathrm{\cdots <br><br>}<br><br>,M-1$

where, θ

m means the candidate of the incidence angle estimated from the first step, M denotes the number of the candidate of the incidence angle, and the cell searching and the incidence angle is simultaneously estimated using the above equation.

38. A method of transceiving for a mobile/fixed relay with multiple antennas of claim 21, wherein direct searching, peak searching and joint peak searching method are used in simultaneously estimating the cell searching and the incidence angle which can estimate the cell ID &

the incidence angle, using the inter-correlation matrix of the preamble and the received signals.

39. A method of transceiving for a mobile/fixed relay with multiple antennas of claim 23, wherein the direct searching method is to search a θ

value at which the product of the adjusting vectors becomes a maximum, while completing searching Cell ID, using an equation as bellow,

$\mathrm{\theta <br><br>}=\mathrm{asin}<br><br>\left\{E<br><br>\left[\frac{\ln <br><br>\left(P_C^l/P_C^{l-1}\right)}{-\mathrm{j2\pi <br><br>}<br><br><br><br>d/\mathrm{\lambda <br><br>}}\right]\right\}$

where, PIc denotes an inter-correlation value of a received signal and a preamble signal of the cell ID from an Ith antenna, d denotes a distance between the antennas and λ

denotes a wavelength.

40. A method of transceiving for a mobile/fixed relay with multiple antennas of claim 23, wherein the peak searching method is to search a θ

value at which the product of the adjusting vectors becomes a maximum, while completing searching the cell ID, using an equation as below,

$\mathrm{\theta <br><br>}=\underset{\mathrm{\theta <br><br>}}{\max }<br><br>\left({a<br><br>\left(\mathrm{\theta <br><br>}\right)}^H<br><br>P_C\right)$

where Pc denotes an inter-correlation value to a received signal and a preamble signal of the cell ID, and a(θ

) denotes the adjusting vector.

41. A method of transceiving for a mobile/fixed relay with multiple antennas of claim 23, wherein the joint peak searching method is to search the cell ID and the incidence angle at which the product of the adjusting vector becomes a maximum after evaluating the inter-correlation with the received signal for possible cell ID, using an equation as below,

$(C,\theta$

) = max c , θ



( a 

( θ

) H 

P c )

where P denotes a correlation vector of a received signal and a preamble signal of the cell ID, and a(θ

) denotes a adjusting vector.

9. A transceiver for a mobile/fixed relay with multiple antennas able to improve a performance of wireless communication system in TDD communication system, which comprises:

an inner receiving antenna, comprising a beam-forming antenna and a diversity antenna, for receiving signals of each wireless communication systems for downward link signal;

a RF station for separating the signals received from the inner receiving antenna into each communication system signals and converting them into base-band signals;

an A/D converter for converting the signals converted into the base-band signals from analog signals into digital signals;

an equalizer for equalizing a channel from the signals converted into the digital signals;

a demodulator for demodulating from the signals undergoing the equalization process;

a modulator for modulating from the demodulated signals;

a selector for selecting whether using a mobile relay beam-former for hard handover and a MRT, or an interference canceller;

a mobile/fixed relay beam-former for hard handover used in upward link when selecting the mobile/fixed relay beam-former for hard handover in downward link by the selector;

a MRT used in the upward link when selecting the MRT in the downward link by the selector;

an interference canceller used in the upward link when selecting the interference canceller in the downward link by the selector;

a D/A converter for converting pre-coded signals into analogue signals through the mobile/fixed relay beam-former for hard handover, the MRT and the interference canceller;

a RF station for converting into pass-band signals for the signals converted into the analogue signals; and

an outer antenna for transmitting the signals converted into the pass-band signals to a base station.

15. A transceiver for a mobile/fixed relay with multiple antennas of claim 9, wherein a MTC employs a signal of the diversity antenna.

47. A transceiver for a mobile/fixed relay with multiple antennas of claim 9, wherein when a beam-former is selected, a circular array antenna which is the beam-former is used.

51. A transceiver for a mobile/fixed relay with multiple antennas of claim 9, wherein the interference canceller employs a signal of the diversity antenna.

10. A transceiver for a mobile/fixed relay with multiple antennas able to improve a performance of mobile communication system in FDD communication system, which comprises:

an outer receiving antenna, comprising a beam-forming antenna and a diversity antenna, for receiving signals of each mobile communication systems for downward link signal;

a RF station for separating the signals received from the outer receiving antenna into each mobile communication system signals and converting them into base-band signals;

an A/D converter for converting the signals converted into the base-band signals from analog signals into digital signals;

a synchronizer part for estimating and compensating a synchronization from the signals converted into the digital signals;

a cell searcher for searching a target base station from the signals undergoing the synchronization process;

a mobile/fixed relay beam-former for soft handover for forming a beam for soft handover from the signals undergoing the cell searching process;

a channel estimating part for estimating a channel from the beam-formed signals.

an equalizer for equalizing the beam-formed signals into estimated signals;

a demodulator for demodulating from the signals detected through the equalizer;

a modulator for modulating the demodulated signals;

a D/A converter for converting the modulated signals into analog signals; and

an inner antenna for transmitting the converted signals to an inner terminal.

48. A transceiver for a mobile/fixed relay with multiple antennas of claim 10, wherein when a beam-former is selected, a circular array antenna which is the beam-former is used.

52. A transceiver for a mobile/fixed relay with multiple antennas of claim 10, wherein the cell searcher performs a searching an incidence angle and a cell, using a math equation as bellow,

$(C,\theta$

) = max c , θ



( a 

( θ

) H 

R c 

a 

( θ

) ) $\left(C,\mathrm{\theta <br><br>}\right)=\underset{c,\mathrm{\theta <br><br>}}{\max }<br><br>\left(\frac{1}{{a<br><br>\left(\mathrm{\theta <br><br>}\right)}^H<br><br>R_c^{-1}<br><br>a<br><br>\left(\mathrm{\theta <br><br>}\right)}\right)$ $\left(C,\mathrm{\theta <br><br>}\right)=\underset{c,\mathrm{\theta <br><br>}}{\max }<br><br>\left(\frac{1}{{a<br><br>\left(\mathrm{\theta <br><br>}\right)}^H<br><br>{\left(V_c\right)}_n<br><br>{\left(V_c\right)}_n^H<br><br>a<br><br>\left(\mathrm{\theta <br><br>}\right)}\right)$

where Rc denotes a self-correlation vector in an inter-correlation matrix of a preamble and a received signal, a(θ

) denotes a adjusting vector for an incidence angle θ

, (Vc)n denotes a noise sub-space vector, and C becomes Cell ID(C) and θ

becomes an incidence angle when each of the above equations becomes maximum.

53. A method of transceiving for a mobile/fixed relay with multiple antennas of claim 10, wherein the cell searching performs a searching an incidence angle and a cell, using a math equation as bellow,

$(C,\theta$

) = max c , θ



( a 

( θ

) H 

R c 

a 

( θ

) ) $\left(C,\mathrm{\theta <br><br>}\right)=\underset{c,\mathrm{\theta <br><br>}}{\max }<br><br>\left(\frac{1}{{a<br><br>\left(\mathrm{\theta <br><br>}\right)}^H<br><br>R_c^{-1}<br><br>a<br><br>\left(\mathrm{\theta <br><br>}\right)}\right)$ $\left(C,\mathrm{\theta <br><br>}\right)=\underset{c,\mathrm{\theta <br><br>}}{\max }<br><br>\left(\frac{1}{{a<br><br>\left(\mathrm{\theta <br><br>}\right)}^H<br><br>{\left(V_c\right)}_n<br><br>{\left(V_c\right)}_n^H<br><br>a<br><br>\left(\mathrm{\theta <br><br>}\right)}\right)$

where Rc denotes a self-correlation vector in an inter-correlation matrix of a preamble and a received signal, a(θ

) denotes a adjusting vector for an incidence angle θ

, (Vc)n denotes a noise sub-space vector, and C becomes Cell ID(C) and θ

becomes an incidence angle when each of the above equations becomes maximum.

11. A transceiver for a mobile/fixed relay with multiple antennas able to improve a performance of a mobile communication system in FDD communication system, which comprises:

an inner receiving antenna, comprising a beam-forming antenna and a diversity antenna, for receiving signals of each mobile communication systems for upward link signal;

a RF station for separating the signals received from the inner receiving antenna into each communication system signals and converting them into base-band signals;

an A/D converter for converting the signals converted into the base-band signals from analog signals into digital signals;

an equalizer for equalizing the channel from the signals converted into the digital signals;

a demodulator for demodulating from the signals undergoing the equalization process;

a modulator for modulating from the demodulated signals;

a mobile/fixed relay beam-former for soft handover for pre-coding from the modulated signals;

a D/A converter for converting the pre-coded signals into the analogue signals through the mobile/fixed relay beam-former for soft handover;

a RF station for converting into pass-band signals for the signals converted into the analogue signals; and

an outer antenna for transmitting the signals converted into the pass-band signals to a base station.

49. A transceiver for a mobile/fixed relay with multiple antennas of claim 11, wherein when a beam-former is selected, a circular array antenna which is the beam-former is used.

12. A transceiver for a mobile/fixed relay with multiple antennas able to improve a performance of a wireless communication system in broadcasting communication system, which comprises:

an outer receiving antenna, comprising a beam-forming antenna and a diversity antenna, for receiving signals of each wireless communication systems;

a RF station for separating the signals received from the outer receiving antenna into each wireless communication system signals and converting them into base-band signals;

an A/D converter for converting the signals converted into the base-band signals from analog signals into digital signals;

a synchronizer part for estimating and compensating a synchronization from the signals converted into the digital signals;

a channel estimator for estimating a channel from the signals undergoing the synchronizer part;

a MRC or EGC for detecting the signals after the channel estimating process;

a demodulator for demodulating from the detected signals;

a modulator for modulating the demodulated signals;

a D/A converter for converting the modulated signals into analog signals; and

an inner antenna for transmitting the converted signals to an inner terminal.

50. A transceiver for a mobile/fixed relay with multiple antennas of claim 12, wherein the MRC employs a signal of the diversity antenna.

27. A method of transceiving for a mobile/fixed relay with multiple antennas able to improve a performance of a mobile communication system in TDD communication system, which comprises:

receiving signals of each mobile communication systems for downward link signals using a beam-forming antenna and a diversity antenna;

separating the received signals into each mobile communication system signals, converting them into base-band signals, and estimating and compensating a synchronization;

performing a cell searching for searching a target base station using the base-band signals;

estimating a channel after the cell searching;

measuring a channel correlation between the beam-forming antennas from the estimated signals of the channel, measuring a channel rank between the beam-forming antennas, and measuring a signal ratio of the target base station to the interference base station;

detecting a signal, using a mobile relay beam-former for hard handover when the channel correlation value is larger than a reference channel correlation value, or the channel rank value is smaller than a reference channel rank value, and using a MRC when the channel correlation value is smaller than a reference channel correlation value, or the channel rank value is larger than a reference channel rank value and the value measured by the signal to interference ratio is larger than that of a reference signal to interference ratio, or using an interference canceller when the channel correlation value is smaller than a reference channel correlation value, or the channel rank value is larger than a reference channel rank value, and when the value measured by the signal to interference ratio is smaller than that of a reference signal to interference ratio;

demodulating and modulating the detected signals;

converting the modulating signals into analogue signals; and

transmitting the converted signals to an inner terminal.

32. A method of transceiving for a mobile/fixed relay with multiple antennas of claim 27, wherein the channel correlation measurement estimates a signal received from the circular array antenna using a math equation as bellow,

$\begin{array}{c}\rho \end{array}$

= 〈

y n , y m 〉

= E 

[ y n 

y m ] - E 

[ y n ] 

E 

[ y m ] ( E 

[ y n 2 ] - E 

[ y n ] 2 ) 

( E 

[ y m 2 ] - E 

[ y m ] 2 )

where yn is a signal received in nth antenna, ym is a signal received in mth antenna, and E[ ] denotes an average.

33. A method of transceiving for a mobile/fixed relay with multiple antennas of claim 27, wherein the channel correlation measurement employs a circular array antenna and estimates a channel correlation between the antennas using a math equation as bellow,

$\begin{array}{c}\rho \end{array}$

= 〈

H n , H m 〉

= E 

[ H n 

H m ] - E 

[ H n ] 

E 

[ H m ] ( E 

[ H n 2 ] - E 

[ H n ] 2 ) 

( E 

[ H m 2 ] - E 

[ H m ] 2 )

where Hn is a channel input through nth antenna, Hm is a channel input through mth antenna, and E[ ] denotes an average.

42. A method of transceiving for a mobile/fixed relay with multiple antennas of claim 27, wherein SRB beam-forming is used in the mobile relay beam-former for hard handover.

43. A method of transceiving for a mobile/fixed relay with multiple antennas of claim 27, wherein TRB beam-forming is used in the beam-forming for hard handover.

44. A method of transceiving for a mobile/fixed relay with multiple antennas of claim 27, wherein simultaneous cell searching and incidence angle is performed when estimating the incidence angle for a mobile relay beam-forming for hard handover.

28. A method of transceiving for a mobile/fixed relay with multiple antennas able to improve a performance of a wireless communication system in TDD communication system, which comprises:

receiving signals of each wireless communication systems for upward link signals using a beam-forming antenna and a diversity antenna;

separating the received signals into each communication system signals and converting them into base-band signals of digital type;

equalizing a channel from the signals converted into the digital signals;

demodulating and modulating the signals undergoing the equalization process;

selecting from the converted signals whether using a mobile/fixed relay beam-former for hard handover and a MRT or an interference canceller, and coding modulated signals through any one selected from the mobile/fixed relay beam-former for hard handover, MRT and the interference canceller;

converting the coded signals into analogue signals; and

converting the signals converted into the analogue signals into pass-band signals to transmit them to a base station.

54. A method of transceiving for a mobile/fixed relay with multiple antennas of claim 28, wherein SRB beam-forming is used in the mobile relay beam-former for hard handover.

55. A method of transceiving for a mobile/fixed relay with multiple antennas of claim 28, wherein TRB beam-forming is used in the beam-forming for hard handover.

56. A method of transceiving for a mobile/fixed relay with multiple antennas of claim 28, wherein simultaneous cell searching and incidence angle is performed when estimating the incidence angle for a mobile relay beam-forming for hard handover.

29. A method of transceiving for a mobile/fixed relay with multiple antennas able to improve a performance of a mobile communication system in FDD communication system, which comprises:

receiving signals of each mobile communication systems for downward link signal using a beam-forming antenna and a diversity antenna;

separating the received signals into each mobile communication system signals, converting them into base-band signals, and estimating and compensating a synchronization;

performing a cell searching for searching a target base station from the signals undergoing the synchronization process;

forming a beam for soft handover from the signals undergoing the cell searching process;

estimating a channel from the beam-formed signals and equalizing the estimated signals;

demodulating and modulating the equalized signals; and

converting the modulated signals into analogue signals to transmit them to an inner terminal.

45. A method of transceiving for a mobile/fixed relay with multiple antennas of claim 29, wherein SRB beam-forming is used in the beam-forming for soft handover.

46. A method of transceiving for a mobile/fixed relay with multiple antennas of claim 29, wherein the beam-forming for soft handover forms a beam toward both the target base station and the adjacent base station to combine the two signals.

30. A method of transceiving for a mobile/fixed relay with multiple antennas able to improve a performance of a mobile communication system in FDD communication system, which comprises:

receiving signals of each mobile communication systems for upward link signal using a beam-forming antenna and a diversity antenna;

separating the received signals into each mobile communication system signals, and converting them into base-band signals;

channel-equalizing the converted signals converted into the digital signals, and demodulating and modulating thereof;

pre-coding the modulated signals;

converting the pre-coded signals into analogue signals;

converting the signals converted into the analogue signals into pass-band signals; and

transmitting the signals converted into the pass-band signals to a base station.

31. A method of transceiving for a mobile/fixed relay with multiple antennas able to improve a performance of a wireless communication system in broadcasting communication system, which comprises:

receiving signals of each wireless communication systems using a beam-forming antenna and a diversity antenna;

separating the signals received from an outer receiving antenna into each wireless communication system signals and converting them into base-band signals;

estimating and compensating a synchronization from the signals converted into the digital signals;

estimating a channel from the signals undergoing the synchronization process;

detecting a signal after the channel estimating process;

demodulating and modulating from the detected signals; and

converting the modulated signals into analog signals to transmit them to an inner terminal.