Surgical Jig

• US 20080183179A1
• Filed: 04/21/2005
• Published: 07/31/2008
• Est. Priority Date: 05/22/2004
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Stuart Lindsey, Tadgh O'Sullivan, Thomas Siebel
• Original Assignee: Stuart Lindsey, Tadgh O'Sullivan, Thomas Siebel
• Inventors: Siebel, Thomas, Lindsey, Stuart, O'Sullivan, Tadgh
• Granted Patent: US 8,123,754 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 606/89
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 17/1703 using imaging means, e.g. by X-rays
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 17/1721 for applying pins along or parallel to the axis of the femoral neck
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 17/175 for preparing the femur for hip prosthesis insertion
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 17/2812 with a single pivotal connection A61B17/29 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 17/2833 Locking means
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 17/8866 for gripping or pushing bones, e.g. approximators joint distractors A61B17/025

Abstract

A surgical jig and method of use in image guided and non-guided surgery are described. The jig is for use in determining an axis of a body part. The jig includes a handle at a proximal end and a mouth at a distal end. The mouth is engagable about the body part and defines a substantially flat plane. A guide has a channel with an axis substantially perpendicular to the plane and a support attaches the guide to the jig. The guide can be translatable relative to the mouth while maintaining the axis substantially perpendicular to the plane. The method determines an axis relative to a body part using the jig. The method comprises engaging the mouth about the body part and translating the guide relative to the mouth so as to align the axis of the channel with the axis of the body part.

Claims

1. A surgical jig for use in determining an axis relative to a body part, the jig including:

a handle at a proximal end;

a mouth at a distal end, the mouth being engagable about the body part and defining a substantially flat plane;

a guide having a channel with a guide axis substantially perpendicular to the plane; and

a support attaching the guide to the jig, wherein the guide is translatable relative to the mouth while maintaining the guide axis substantially perpendicular to the plane.

2. The jig as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mouth includes formations adapted to mate with an anatomical feature of the body part.

3. The jig as claimed in claim 2, wherein the formations comprise a first concave formation and a second concave formation located on opposite sides of the mouth and oriented in opposition to each other.

4. The jig as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the support provides a sight.

5. The jig as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the support is constrained to translate along an axis extending along a middle longitudinal axis of the jig.

6. The jig as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the support slidingly engages with the jig.

7. The jig as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the support comprises an arm having a first end and a second end, the guide being attached at the first end and the support being mounted to the jig by the second end.

8. The jig as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the jig includes a forceps part which provides the mouth and handle.

9. The jig as claimed in claim 8, and further including a drive mechanism operable to open and/or close the mouth.

10. The jig as claimed in claim 8 or 9, and further including a lock operable to lock the mouth in a position.

11. The jig as claimed in claim 8, wherein the support further comprises a base at the second end of the arm.

12. The jig as claimed in claim 11, wherein the base is constrained to slide along a middle axis of the mouth.

13. The jig as claimed in claim 12, wherein the forceps includes a pivot and a retaining formation located equidistant between arm parts of the handle of the forceps, and wherein the base co-operates with the pivot and retaining formation to be constrained to slide along the middle axis.

14. A jig as claimed in any of claims 9 to 13, wherein the drive mechanism includes a threaded boss located on each arm part of the handle of the forceps, a threaded shaft extending between the bosses, the shaft having opposite sense screw threads on either end, and a drive wheel mounted on the centre of the threaded shaft, wherein rotation of the shaft in a first direction opens the mouth and rotation of the shaft in a second direction closes the mouth.

15. A jig as claimed in claim 14, wherein the drive wheel provides the retaining formation.

16. A jig as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the jig includes a marker detectable by an image guided surgery system to locate the jig.

17. A jig as claimed in claim 16, wherein the marker is stationary relative to the guide.

18. A jig as claimed in claim 16 or 17, wherein the marker is wirelessly detectable.

19. A jig as claimed in any preceding claim, the jig further comprising an instrument with at least a straight portion within the channel and extending at least partially along the axis.

20. A jig as claimed in claim 19, wherein the instrument is cannulated.

21. A jig as claimed in claim 19 or 20 wherein the instrument is a drill guide.

22. A jig as claimed in any of claims 19 to 21, wherein the instrument is movable along the axis.

23. A jig as claimed in any of claims 19 to 22, wherein the instrument is resiliently biased toward the mouth.

24. A jig as claimed in any of claims 19 to 22, wherein the instrument and the guide provide between them an external thread and an internal thread.

25. A jig as claimed in any of claims 19 to 24, wherein the instrument includes a portion having a smooth outer surface and a right circular cylindrical shape, providing an axle about which a part of a checking stylus can be journaled for rotation about the axis.

26. A jig as claimed in any of claims 19 to 26, wherein the instrument includes a marker detectable by an image guided surgery system to locate the axis.

27. A kit of parts for use in determining an axis of a body part, the kit comprising:

a jig as claimed in any of claims 1 to 15; and

an instrument adapted to be located within the channel and to be translatable along the guide axis.

28. A kit as claimed in claim 27, further comprising a marker detectable by an image guided surgery system, the marker being attached or attachable to the jig or instrument, to allow the guide axis to be located.

29. A jig for use in determining an axis of the femoral neck, the jig comprising:

a forceps part including a mouth and a pair of handles, the mouth being engagable about the femoral neck and including opposed jaws each bearing concave formations adapted to engage anatomical parts of the femoral neck, the mouth further defining a substantially flat plane;

a support comprising a base and an arm, the base being slidably attached to the forceps part and the arm extending from the base and away from the plane of the mouth, the arm further having a holder with a cylindrical channel therein at a free end of the arm, the channel having a longitudinal axis extending in a direction substantially perpendicular to the plane of the mouth; and

a cannulated drill guide received within the channel and movable along the axis, so that in use the drill guide can be brought into contact with the femoral head to clamp the jig about the femoral head to provide a guide for drilling a hole along the axis of the femoral neck for receiving a part of an implant.

30. A method for determining an axis relative to a body part using a jig having a handle, a mouth defining a substantially flat plane, and a guide having a channel with a guide axis substantially perpendicular to the plane, the method comprising:

engaging the mouth about a body part; and

translating the guide relative to the mouth so as to align the guide axis of the channel with the axis of the body part.

31. A method for determining an axis relative to a body part using a jig having a handle, a mouth defining a substantially flat plane, a guide having a channel with a guide axis substantially perpendicular to the plane and a marker detectable by an image guided surgery system, the method comprising:

engaging the mouth about a body part;

detecting the marker and determining the location in space of the axis of the channel;

providing a visual representation of the axis of the channel and a visual representation of the axis of the body part; and

translating the guide relative to the mouth until the visual representation of the axis of the channel and the visual representation of the axis of the body are substantially co-linear.

32. A surgical jig for use in determining an axis relative to a body part, the jig including:

a handle at a proximal end;

a mouth at a distal end, the mouth being engagable about the body part and defining a substantially flat plane;

a guide having a channel with a guide axis substantially perpendicular to the plane; and

a support for attaching the guide to the jig at a plurality of positions along a longitudinal axis of the jig, and wherein at any of said plurality of positions the guide is substantially perpendicular to the plane.

33. The jig as claimed in claim 32, wherein the plurality of positions have a discrete range of values.

34. The jig as claimed in claim 32, wherein the plurality of positions have a continuous range of values.

35. The jig as claimed in any of claims 32 to 34, and further including a scale indicating the off-set from a centre of circular symmetry of the mouth of the jig along the longitudinal axis of the jig for the position of attachment of the support arm to the jig.

36. A method for determining an axis relative to a body part using a jig, comprising:

determining a first dimension of the body part in a plane substantially perpendicular to the axis;

determining a second dimension of the body part in a plane substantially perpendicular to the axis; and

fastening a guide part of a jig to a body part of a jig, the body part having a mouth defining a plane, at a position which compensates for deviations from a circular symmetric cross sectional shape of the body part and provides a guide axis of the guide part substantially perpendicular to the plane of the mouth.