Navigated cut guide for total knee reconstruction

• US 20080195109A1
• Filed: 02/13/2007
• Published: 08/14/2008
• Est. Priority Date: 02/13/2007
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Medtronic Navigation Incorporated (Medtronic Plc)
• Original Assignee: Medtronic Navigation Incorporated (Medtronic Plc)
• Inventors: Goodchild, Gordon, Hunter, Mark W., Shaver, Scott, Strupeck, Frank, Larocque, Brandon D.
• Granted Patent: US 8,814,874 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 606/87
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 17/154 for preparing bone for knee prosthesis
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 17/155 Cutting femur
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 17/1764 for the knee
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2034/102 Modelling of surgical devices, implants or prosthesis
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2034/105 Modelling of the patient, e.g. for ligaments or bones
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2034/107 Visualisation of planned trajectories or target regions
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2034/2051 Electromagnetic tracking systems
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2034/2055 Optical tracking systems
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2034/256 having a database of accessory information, e.g. including context sensitive help or scientific articles
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2090/365 augmented reality, i.e. correlating a live optical image with another image
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2090/367 creating a 3D dataset from 2D images using position information
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2090/376 using X-rays, e.g. fluoroscopy
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 34/10 Computer-aided planning, simulation or modelling of surgical operations
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 34/20 Surgical navigation systems; Devices for tracking or guiding surgical instruments, e.g. for frameless stereotaxis

Abstract

A method and apparatus are disclosed that provides a system to perform a procedure on a patient or on a patient'"'"'s anatomy. The apparatus can include a guide member that includes at least three degrees of freedom of movement of a guide or alignment portion. The apparatus can be used to guide or form reference points for a guide to resect a portion of an anatomy.

Claims

1. A guide system for alignment relative to an anatomy, comprising:

a bone connection portion;

a first axis defining system;

a second axis defining system;

a third axis defining system; and

a locking assembly operable to be engaged to fix at least one of the first axis defining system, the second axis defining system, the third axis defining system, or combinations thereof relative to the bone connection portion;

wherein at least one of the first axis defining system, the second axis defining system, and the third axis defining system are operable to be moved relative to one another when said locking assembly is engaged.

2. The guide apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:

an alignment member associated with the bone connection portion;

wherein the alignment member is operable to move relative to the bone connection portion via at least one of the first axis defining system, the second axis defining system, the third axis defining system, or combinations thereof.

3. The guide system of claim 1, wherein the locking assembly includes a threaded member operable to engage a thread defined by a first member associated with at least one of the first axis defining system, the second axis defining system, the third axis defining system, or combinations thereof.

4. The guide system of claim 3, wherein the bone connection portion defines a first bore;

wherein the first axis system include a first member that defines a track;

wherein the threaded member is operable to be moved from a first position to a second position;

wherein in the first position of the threaded member is operable to allow movement of the first member and in the second position is operable to fix the first member in a selected position.

5. The guide system of claim 4, wherein the first threaded member is operable to pass though the track and engage the first bore;

wherein the first threaded member engages the first bore and the track in the first position.

6. The guide system of claim 1, wherein the first axis defining system includes a first member and the second axis defining system includes a second member;

wherein the first member defines a first portion of an interaction portion and the locking assembly includes a first locking assembly member that defines a second portion of the interaction portion;

wherein the second member includes a projection to interact with the interaction portion.

7. The guide system of claim 6, wherein locking assembly includes a second locking assembly member operable with the first locking assembly member and the first member to compress and fix the second member in a selected position.

8. The guide system of claim 1, wherein the third axis defining system includes:

a first member having a projection and a second member having a receiving portion;

wherein the projection cooperates with the receiving section to guide a movement of the first member.

9. The guide system of claim 8, wherein the locking assembling includes a third member, including:

a handle portion and a locking member defining a cam extending from the handle portion;

wherein the handle portion is operable to extend from the first member and the locking member is operable to be received in a depression defined by the first member;

wherein the locking member is moveable between a first position and a second position via the handle.

10. The guide system of claim 2, wherein the alignment member defines a portion of the third axis defining system.

11. The guide system of claim 1, wherein each of the first axis defining system, the second axis defining system, and the third axis defining system includes a respective member operable to be moved relative to one another and the bone connection portion.

12. The guide system of claim 1, wherein the bone connection portion defines a perimeter inside of which each of the first axis defining system, the second axis defining system, and the third axis defining system is positioned.

13. The guide system of claim 1, further comprising:

a bone fixation member;

wherein the bone connection portion defines a passage extending through the bone connection portion;

wherein the bone fixation member is operable to pass through the passage to engage the anatomy.

14. The guide system of claim 13, wherein the passage includes a plurality of passages;

wherein the bone fixation member includes a plurality of bone fixation members;

wherein the plurality of bone fixation members are operable to pass though the plurality of passages.

15. The guide system of claim 1, further comprising:

a tracking device operable to be associate with at least one of the first axis defining system, the second axis defining system, and the third axis defining system.

16. The guide system of claim 15, further comprising:

a tracking system including the tracking device;

wherein the tracking system is operable to track the location of the tracking device.

17. The guide system of claim 16, further comprising:

a navigation system including the tracking system and a display device;

wherein a representation of the tracked location of a portion relative to the tracking device can be displayed on the display device.

18. The guide system of claim 15, further comprising:

an alignment member defined by at least one of the first axis defining system, the second axis defining system, and the third axis defining system;

wherein the tracking device is held relative to the alignment member.

19. The guide system of claim 16, wherein the tracking system includes at least one of an electromagnetic tracking system, an acoustic tracking system, an accelerometer tracking system, an optical tracking system, or combinations thereof.

20. The guide system of claim 1, further comprising:

an imaging system operable to obtain image data of the anatomy.

21. The guide system of claim 1, further comprising:

a cutting guide operable to be positioned relative to the anatomy base based upon a selected position of at least one of the first axis defining system, the second axis defining system, the third axis defining system, or combinations.

22. The guide system of claim 15, wherein the tracking device is modular or formed integrally with at least one of the first axis defining system, the second axis defining system, the third axis defining system, or combinations.

23. The guide system of claim 1, wherein the locking assembly includes at least one of a cam member, a twist lock, a quarter turn lock, a quick connect, or combinations thereof.

24. The guide system of claim 1, wherein all of the first axis defining system, the second axis defining system, and the third axis defining system are substantially aligned.

25. The guide system of claim 17, wherein the navigation system is operable to obtain spatial landmarks of the anatomy.

26. A guide system for alignment relative to an anatomy, comprising:

a bone connection portion;

a first axis system including a first member having a first portion extending from the first member;

a second axis system including;

a second member having a second portion operable to interact with the first portion to guide the second member relative to a first axis and a third portion defined by the second member, and

a third member having a fourth portion extending from the third member and operable to cooperate with the third portion to move the third member relative to a second axis, wherein the first axis is substantially orthogonal to the second axis; and

a locking assembly operable to be engaged to fix at least one of the first axis system, the second axis system, or combinations thereof relative to the bone connection portion;

wherein at least two of the first member, the second member, or the third member are operable to be moved relative to one another when said locking assembly is engaged.

27. The guide system of claim 26, further comprising:

a third axis system including a fourth member including a fifth portion extending from the fourth member;

wherein the fifth portion engages a sixth portion of the third member;

wherein the fourth member is operable to move relative to the third member in a third axis;

wherein the third axis and at least one of the first axis and the second axis are orthogonal.

28. A method of guiding an apparatus for alignment relative to an anatomy, comprising:

fixing a bone connection member relative to the anatomy;

moving a first member relative to the bone connection member relative to a first axis;

fixing the first member relative to the bone connection member relative to the first axis;

moving a second member relative to the bone connection member relative to a second axis after fixing the first member relative to the bone connection member; and

tracking a location of at least one of the first member and the second member.

29. The method of claim 28, further comprising:

fixing the second member relative to the bone connection member relative to the second axis; and

moving a third member relative to the bone connection member relative to a third axis after fixing the second member relative to the bone connection member relative to the second axis.