Liquid Composite Compositions Using Non-Volatile Liquids and Nanoparticles and Uses Thereof

• US 20080209876A1
• Filed: 02/07/2008
• Published: 09/04/2008
• Est. Priority Date: 02/07/2007
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: eSionic Corp. (MKS Instruments Incorporated)
• Original Assignee: Zettacore, Inc.
• Inventors: Miller, Seth A.
• Granted Patent: US 8,540,899 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 55/522
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 53/326 in electrochemical cells
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 69/148 Organic/inorganic mixed matrix membranes
• CPC Class Codes: B05D 1/06 Applying particulate materials
• CPC Class Codes: B05D 1/10 Applying particulate materials
• CPC Class Codes: B05D 1/12 Applying particulate materials B05D1/06, B05D1/10 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: B05D 1/18 performed by dipping
• CPC Class Codes: B05D 1/24 Applying particulate materials
• CPC Class Codes: B05D 5/12 to obtain a coating with specific electrical properties
• CPC Class Codes: B05D 7/24 for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
• CPC Class Codes: C09K 3/00 Materials not provided for elsewhere
• CPC Class Codes: G11C 13/0009 RRAM elements whose operation depends upon chemical change
• CPC Class Codes: G11C 13/02 using elements whose operation depends upon chemical change G11C13/0009 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G11C 25/00 Digital stores characterised by the use of flowing media; Storage elements therefor
• CPC Class Codes: H01B 1/00 Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
• CPC Class Codes: H01G 11/56 Solid electrolytes, e.g. gels; Additives therein
• CPC Class Codes: H01G 11/58 Liquid electrolytes
• CPC Class Codes: H01G 11/60 characterised by the solvent
• CPC Class Codes: H01G 11/64 characterised by additives
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/052 Li-accumulators
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/0565 Polymeric materials, e.g. gel-type or solid-type
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 14/005 : Photoelectrochemical storage cells light sensitive devices H01G9/20, semiconductors sensitive to light H01L31/00
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2300/0085 : Immobilising or gelification of electrolyte
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2300/0091 : in the form of mixtures
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2300/0094 : in the form of layered products, e.g. coatings
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/00 : Electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 : Energy storage using batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/13 : Energy storage using capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/25 : Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component and including a second component containing structurally defined particles

Abstract

A solvent composition comprising an organic solvent; dispersed nanoparticles; and a non-volatile electrolyte.

Claims

1. A solvent composition comprising:

a) an organic solvent;

b) dispersed nanoparticles; and

c) a non-volatile electrolyte.

2. A composition according to claim 1 wherein said non-volatile electrolyte comprises an ionic liquid.

3. A composition according to claim 1 wherein non-volatile electrolyte comprises a poly(glycol).

4. A composition according to claim 1 wherein said organic solvent is a polar organic solvent.

5. A composition according to claim 1 wherein said nanoparticles have a surface that prevents aggregation in the presence of said non-volatile electrolyte.

6. A composition according to claim 1 wherein said nanoparticles have an acidic surface.

7. A composition according to claim 1, wherein said nanoparticles comprise acidic silicon dioxide.

8. A composition according to claim 1, wherein said nanoparticles have at least one dimension that is less than about 100 nm in diameter.

10. A composition according to claim 1, where the nanoparticles are nanorods, where their cross-sectional diameter is less than about 100 nm.

11. A composition according to claim 1, wherein said nanoparticles comprise a core and a shell, and said shell comprises silicon dioxide.

12. A composition according to claim 13, wherein said core is a composite of more than one material.

13. A composition according to claim 1 further comprising at least one reactive agent.

9. A composition according to claim 9, wherein the nanoparticles are nanospheres that are less than about 25 nm in diameter.

15. A composition according to claim 15 wherein said reactive agent is a monomer.

16. A method of forming a liquid composite composition comprising:

a) Providing a solvent composition comprising;

i) an organic solvent;

ii) dispersed nanoparticles; and

iii) a non-volatile liquid;

b) applying said solvent composition to a substrate; and

c) removing said solvent to form said liquid composite composition.

17. A method according to claim 16 wherein said removing is done simultaneously with said applying.

18. A method according to claim 16 wherein said removing is done after said applying.

19. A method according to claim 16 wherein said applying is done by a method selected from the group consisting of spin coating, sputtering, thermal evaporation, e-beam evaporation, atomic layer deposition, chemical vapor deposition, and physical vapor deposition.

20. A device comprising a substrate comprising a liquid composite composition comprising:

a) a non-volatile liquid; and

b) nanoparticles;

wherein said materials composition comprises at least about 20 wt % of said nanoparticles.

21. A device comprising an array of cells, each cell comprising:

a) a first electrode;

b) a liquid composite composition comprising;

i) nanoparticles;

ii) a non-volatile liquid; and

iii) a second electrode;

wherein said electrolyte composition is electrically coupled to at least one of said first and second electrodes.

14. A composition according to claim 21 wherein said reactive agent is a crosslinking agent.

22. A device according to claim 21 wherein said first electrode further comprises redox active moieties (ReAMs).

23. A device according to claim 22 wherein said device is a semiconductor memory cell.

24. A gas-separation membrane comprising:

a) a support membrane; and

b) a layer in proximity to said support membrane comprising

i) a non-volatile liquid; and

ii) nanoparticles.

25. An electrochemical gas sensor comprising

a) a working electrode;

b) a counter electrode; and

c) a liquid composite composition comprising nanoparticles and a non-volatile liquid.