HYBRID POWER GENERATION AND ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM

• US 20080211230A1
• Filed: 09/24/2007
• Published: 09/04/2008
• Est. Priority Date: 07/25/2005
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Echogen Power Systems (Delawere) Inc
• Original Assignee: Rexorce Thermionics, Inc.
• Inventors: Gurin, Michael H.
• Granted Patent: US 8,099,198 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 290/2
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 1/02 comprising more than one electric motor
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 2001/005 the electric storage means
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 2016/003 solar power driven
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 6/28 characterised by the electric energy storing means, e.g. batteries or capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2270/44 Heat storages, e.g. for cabin heating
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/12 responding to state of charge [SoC]
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 10/08 including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 10/24 including control of energy storage means
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 10/26 for electrical energy, e.g. batteries or capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 10/30 including control of auxiliary equipment, e.g. air-conditioning compressors or oil pumps
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 20/00 Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles hybrid vehicle design, B60K6/00; electric vehicles B60L
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2510/24 Energy storage means
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2510/244 Charge state
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 20/14 Combined heat and power generation [CHP]
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/62 Hybrid vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/90 Energy harvesting concepts as power supply for auxiliaries' energy consumption, e.g. photovoltaic sun-roof
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 903/903 having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor

Abstract

An integrated and hybrid energy provider and storage device system for enhancing the energy efficiency and minimizing greenhouse gas emissions particularly for systems that utilize energy in a discrete and discontinuous manner, such as plug-in hybrid vehicles is provided. The system provides automated means to generate power, distribute the preferably locally generated power to a multiplex array of energy storage devices in a dynamic manner. The system, when utilizing dynamic algorithms, preferably meets the complex demands of often conflicting energy storage device requirements and real-time demand loads in-conjunction with dynamic switching between energy storage devices to enhance the performance and effectiveness that is beneficial to both the aggregate energy efficiency and the individual owner demands of each energy storage device.

Claims

1-61. -61. (canceled)

62. An energy storage system, for increasing the aggregate of energy generated then stored and byproduct waste heat recovered, comprising:

a) an energy storage system controller having a multiplexer, wherein the energy storage system controller is operatively connected to the multiplexer to selectively and individually regulate flow of energy stored and b) an energy storage system energy storage device, wherein the energy generated then stored is in fluid communication with at least one energy storage device or an array of individually controlled energy storage devices.

63. The energy storage system according to claim 62 further comprised of an energy generator, wherein the energy storage system controller is further operable to control energy generation such that at least about 1 percent of energy generated is utilized within the energy storage device and balance of the energy generated is delivered to the at least one energy storage device and an energy transmission system.

64. The energy storage system according to claim 62 further comprised of a heat transfer fluid, wherein the heat transfer fluid is in fluid communication with the at least one energy storage device and wherein the heat transfer fluid is comprised of at least one ionic liquid and at least one poly(ionic liquid) polymer.

65. The energy storage system according to claim 62 further comprised of a heat transfer fluid, wherein the heat transfer fluid is operable to transfer heat into or out of the energy storage system by at least one of recovering thermal energy from an energy generator to bottom cycle energy production, providing active cooling by utilizing the heat transfer fluid operable in a thermal energy storage device, and providing active cooling by removing waste heat byproduct resulting from storing energy generated in the energy storage device.

66. An energy storage system operable to control production, transmission and storage of energy, and to increase an aggregate of energy generated and utilization of waste heat byproduct comprising:

a) at least one energy generator, wherein energy generator creates generated energy and waste heat byproduct;

b) at least one energy storage device, wherein the at least one energy storage device stores generated energy;

c) at least one thermal energy storage device, wherein the at least one thermal energy storage device stores the waste heat byproduct; and

d) a control system, wherein the control system is operable to vary an energy generator and created generated energy flow into the at least one energy storage device.

67. The energy storage system according to claim 66 further comprising:

an onboard energy storage device of a plug-in hybrid vehicle wherein the control system is operable to vary the energy generator and flow of generated energy;

one or more energy storage devices external of the plug-in hybrid vehicle, wherein the generated energy is also stored in the one or more energy storage devices external of the plug-in hybrid vehicle; and

one or more thermal storage devices external of the plug-in hybrid vehicle, wherein the waste heat byproduct is stored in at least one thermal energy storage device external of the plug-in hybrid vehicle.

68. An energy storage system operable to control generation and storage of energy and to predict and control both anticipated vehicle arrival time, likelihood of vehicle arrival, and vehicle energy requirement upon arrival comprising:

a) a control system, wherein the control system monitors at least one of anticipated arrival time, likelihood of vehicle arrival, and vehicle energy requirement upon arrival, b) an energy generator operatively connected with the control system, wherein the energy generator produces generated energy and waste heat byproduct;

c) a plurality of energy storage devices including at least one energy storage device disposed within a plug-in hybrid vehicle, d) a multiplexer operatively connected with the plurality of energy storage devices for selectively and individually actuating supply of generated energy into the plurality of energy storage devices, wherein the control system varies flow of energy into the plurality of energy storage devices to create an energy storage device charger profile, and e) a set of control system inputs including at least one of global positioning system data, historical data, and real-time performance data, wherein the inputs are operable for the controller to vary energy generated and energy stored into at least one of the plurality of energy storage devices.

69. The energy storage system according to claim 68 further comprises at least one parameter comprising at least one of peak energy demand, aggregate energy production expenses, and emissions created during energy production, wherein the control system varies generation and storage of generated energy to reduce the at least one parameter.

70. The energy storage system according to claim 68, further comprises at least one parameter comprising at least one of revenue resulting from production of energy, aggregate energy efficiency, and aggregate energy utilization, wherein the control system varies generation and storage of generated energy to increase the at least one parameter.

71. An energy storage system operable to dynamically vary generation and storage of energy, and waste heat byproduct generation and storage comprising:

a) a control system;

b) at least one energy storage device, wherein the control system determines an energy storage device charger profile having inputs based on at least one of energy storage device energy requirements, energy storage device earliest start time, energy storage device latest finish time, energy storage device priority code, and energy storage device revenue code, and c) at least one parameter comprising at least one of byproduct waste heat energy requirements, real-time byproduct waste heat demand including at least one user comprising at least one of absorption cooling, liquid desiccant recharging, domestic hot water, and byproduct waste heat storage capacity, wherein the control system varies generation and storage of generated energy to increase utilization of the waste heat byproduct.

72. An energy storage system operable to communicate between an energy generator and an energy storage device comprising:

a) a control system, wherein the control system operatively connected with and communicating between at least one energy storage device and at least one energy generator; and

b) a communications connector having integral and automated means, wherein the connector obtains at least one energy storage device parameter comprising at least one of identity information, model, owner profile, maximum energy storage rate, maximum charging temperature, minimum energy storage level, and maximum storage level.

73. The energy storage system according to claim 72 further comprising an integral alignment means, wherein the control system utilizes the integral alignment means for both communication and energy flow control between the energy storage device and the energy generator.

74. The energy storage system according to claim 73, wherein the integral alignment means establishes bi-directional communication with the energy storage device by becoming an active communication node on a network that includes an energy generator.

75. The energy storage system according to claim 72 further comprising energy storage device sensors providing real-time data, and historic performance data, wherein the control system communicates with the energy storage device.

76. An energy storage system operable to determine real-time energy requirements comprising:

a) an energy generator, wherein the energy generator produces generated energy;

b) multiple energy storage devices operatively connected with the energy generator, wherein the generated energy is stored in at least one of the multiple energy storage devices;

c) an energy controller operatively connected with the multiple energy storage devices, the energy controller having automated means to determine real-time energy storage device energy requirements, wherein the energy controller is operable as a function of data including at least one data set for each energy storage device operatively associated with the energy controller wherein the at least one data set comprises at least one of historic performance data, projected energy requirements prior to subsequent energy storage charging opportunity, energy storage device owner profile for energy cost versus emissions minimization ratio.

77. The energy storage system according to claim 76 further comprised of a multiplexer operatively connected with the multiple of energy storage devices to selectively and individually regulate flow of generated energy to at least one of the multiple of energy storage devices, wherein the energy controller determines an energy generation schedule for the energy generator to supply energy to each energy storage device to increase an aggregate energy generated and waste heat byproduct utilization, wherein the energy generation schedule is a function of at least one of energy utilization, energy efficiency, energy production emissions, and wherein the energy storage system is operable and controlled to meet operating objectives including reducing emissions from the energy generator, increasing revenue for the energy generator, reducing energy cost to an owner of the energy storage device, decreasing energy storage device charge time for energy storage devices currently connected with the energy generator, increasing stored energy levels of a stationary energy storage device to anticipate short-term demand, and increase a successful completion of energy storage into the energy storage device within a specified time to specified energy storage percentage levels in the stationary energy storage device.

78. The energy storage system according to claim 76 further comprising at least one charging mode operatively connected with the multiple energy storage devices and operable to regulate flow of generated energy into the multiple energy storage device, wherein the controller selects and controls flow of generated energy into a specific and individual energy storage device, and wherein the at least one charge mode is designated and selected by the controller from the group of modes comprising instant full charge, instant partial charge to a specific and individual energy storage device at a specified percentage or level, charge to a specified energy storage percentage or level within a specified time with the specific and individual energy storage device, a first charge objective specified minimum energy storage percentage or level within a specified time followed by a second charge objective specified maximum energy storage percentage or level within a specified time, reduce cost per unit of energy to charge the specific and individual energy storage device, reduce emissions resulting from production of energy for the specific and individual energy storage device, increase the utilization of energy provided by an alternative energy source, and combinations thereof.

79. The energy storage system according to claim 76, wherein the system is operable to charge the multiple energy storage devices as selected by the controller and wherein each the energy storage device as selected by the controller has a designated prioritizing mode comprising at least one of charge to reduce cost per unit of energy to owner of at least one energy storage device, charge to reduce production cost per unit of energy to owner of an energy provider, operate to reduce charge time, operate to increase charge, and premium high priority.

80. An energy storage system operable to vary flow of energy, heat transfer for cooling, and recovery of waste heat byproduct comprising:

a) an energy generator, wherein the energy generator produces generated energy;

b) at least one energy storage device, wherein the at least one energy storage device stores the generated energy;

c) a heat transfer fluid operatively associated with the energy generator, wherein the heat transfer fluid recovers waste heat byproduct from the energy generator and the at least one energy storage device to provide active cooling to the at least one energy storage device and charging the at least one energy storage device; and

d) an energy storage system controller operatively connected with the energy generator, wherein the energy storage system controller is operable to control the energy generator, regulate flow of energy generated into the at least one energy storage device and regulate flow of recovered waste heat byproduct during energy storage device charging process.

81. The energy storage system according to claim 80, wherein the system is further comprised of a plug-in hybrid vehicle, wherein the at least one energy storage device is on the plug-in hybrid vehicle;

and a connector operatively associated with the plug-in hybrid vehicle, the connector being operable to withdraw heat transfer fluid from the plug-in hybrid vehicle as a means of utilizing byproduct waste heat recovered from the vehicle.

82. The energy storage system according to claim 80, wherein the at least one energy storage device further comprises a phase change thermal storage device operatively connected to increase utilization of waste heat byproduct resulting from a charging process of the at least one energy storage device.

83. An energy storage system operable to vary flow of energy for energy storage comprising:

a) an energy generator, wherein the energy generator produces generated energy;

b) a plug-in hybrid vehicle, wherein the energy generator is onboard of the plug-in hybrid vehicle;

c) a first energy storage device, wherein the first energy storage device is onboard of the plug-in hybrid vehicle;

d) an external stationary energy storage device, wherein the external stationary energy storage device is operable to receive the generated energy;

e) a multiplexer, wherein the multiplexer operatively connected with the first energy storage device and the external stationary energy storage device, the multiplexer being operable to selectively and individually regulate flow of generated energy into at least one of the first energy storage device and the external stationary energy storage device; and

f) a controller operatively connected with the first energy storage device and the external stationary energy storage device, wherein the controller regulates the energy generator and flow of generated energy into at least one of the first energy storage device and the external stationary energy storage device.

84. The energy storage system according to claim 83 wherein at least one of the first energy storage device and the external stationary energy storage device is a thermal energy storage device, wherein the thermal energy storage device is in fluid communication with the energy generator, and wherein the thermal energy storage device is utilized to store thermal energy recovered from the energy generator and wherein the thermal energy storage device is either an onboard thermal storage device, an external stationary thermal storage device, and combinations thereof.

85. The energy storage system according to claim 83 wherein the controller includes a production schedule for the energy generator, wherein the controller is operable to increase generated energy stored energy levels of the external stationary energy storage device and utilization of the waste heat byproduct as a means to anticipate short-term demand, stored energy levels of the external stationary energy storage device to a specified energy percentage of level within a specified time, and to reduce at least one of energy utilization, energy efficiency, energy production emissions, emissions from an energy provider, energy costs to owner of the energy storage device, and charge time for the energy storage device currently connected to the energy generator.

86. The energy storage system according to claim 83 further comprised of a thermal hydraulic fluid operable to increase enthalpy of the thermal hydraulic fluid, wherein the thermal hydraulic fluid is in fluid communication with at least one thermal source including the energy generator, the first energy storage device, and the external stationary energy storage device.

87. The energy storage system according to claim 86 wherein the thermal hydraulic fluid is expanded in at least two distinct expansion stages.

88. The energy storage system according to claim 87 wherein the at least two distinct expansion stages include a first expansion stage is operable to expand the thermal hydraulic fluid to a temperature lower than the energy storage system ambient temperature and wherein the first expansion stage has a subsequent heating process to increase the thermal hydraulic fluid enthalpy;

and a second expansion stage, wherein the second expansion stage is operable with an energy storage system coefficient of performance greater than unity.

89. An energy production system operable to produce expansion energy comprising at least two distinct expansion stages including a first expansion stage operable to expand where a thermal hydraulic fluid to a temperature lower than the energy production system ambient temperature and wherein the first expansion stage has a subsequent heating process to increase the thermal hydraulic fluid enthalpy;

and a second expansion stage, wherein the second expansion stage is operable with an energy storage system coefficient of performance greater than unity.

90. The energy production system according to claim 89 wherein the thermal hydraulic fluid consists of at least one absorbent and at least one absorbate.

91. The energy production system according to claim 89 wherein the thermal hydraulic fluid absorbate is desorbed by at least one non-thermal method including magnetic refrigeration, vapor compression heat pump condensation, solar activated direct spectrum light absorption, electrodialysis, electrostatic fields, membrane separation, electrodesorption, pervaporation, gas centrifuge, vortex tube CO2-liquid absorption, and decanting.

92. The energy production system according to claim 91 further comprised of desorber energy operable as the at least one non-thermal method energy source including off-peak energy, and stored energy.

93. The energy production system according to claim 89 wherein the at least one absorbate is desorbed by at least one thermal desorption method having a desorption temperature above the at least one absorbate bubbling point and whereby thermal energy is recovered from at least one of the at least one absorbate and the at least one absorbent prior to an energy generator generating power operable by the expansion energy or hydraulic energy of at least one of the at least one absorbate and at least one absorbent.

94. The energy production system according to claim 93 operable to reduce thermal energy demand from a thermal energy source having a temperature above the at least one absorbate bubbling point further comprising at least one heat exchanger device including heat pipes, wherein the thermal energy desorbs the at least one absorbate from the at least one absorbent operatively connected to the at least one heat exchanger.

95. The energy production system according to claim 89 is operable to increase net energy produced of the energy production system by avoiding energy required by a vapor compressor within at least one of an air conditioning system and a refrigeration system, wherein the net energy produced is addition of energy generated from the at least two distinct expansion stages minus avoided energy required by the vapor compressor within the at least one of an air conditioning system and a refrigeration system.

96. The energy production system according to claim 89 wherein the first expansion stage has a discharge pressure and temperature that yield a thermal hydraulic fluid enthalpy H1, wherein the second expansion stage has a discharge pressure and temperature that yield a thermal hydraulic fluid enthalpy H2, wherein the second expansion stage having a discharge pressure and temperature at approximately the thermal hydraulic fluid gas to liquid transition point, and wherein the thermal hydraulic fluid enthalpy H1 is less than about 105% of thermal hydraulic fluid enthalpy H2.

97. The energy production system according to claim 96 wherein the second stage expansion is a positive displacement engine.

98. The energy production system according to claim 89 operable to concurrently provide cooling of at least one of a refrigeration system and an air conditioning system and increase the thermal hydraulic fluid enthalpy operatively connected to increase energy produced in the second expansion stage further comprising of a series of heat exchangers in sequential order of the refrigeration system, the air conditioning system, then to a waste heat recovery system prior to the second expansion stage.

99. The energy production system according to claim 89 operable to increase the energy production system energy efficiency by increasing the thermal hydraulic fluid enthalpy prior to second expansion stage and by increasing available cooling after the first expansion stage further comprising an energy storage controller and a thermal storage device operatively connected with the energy production system wherein the energy storage controller regulates mass flow out of the thermal hydraulic energy storage device and mass flow into the thermal storage device.

100. The energy production system according to claim 89 operable to minimize energy consumption by reducing electricity consumption required for cooling by expanding the thermal hydraulic fluid further comprising:

a) a thermal hydraulic motor, wherein the thermal hydraulic motor concurrently expands the thermal hydraulic fluid to convert energy from the first expansion stage into electricity by operatively connecting an electricity generator and to provide cooling by operatively connecting the thermal hydraulic fluid to a heat exchanger;

b) an electricity storage device operatively connected with the electricity generator, wherein the electricity storage device stores energy generated by the electricity generator;

c) a thermal hydraulic energy storage device operatively connected with the thermal hydraulic motor; and

d) an energy storage controller operatively connected with the thermal hydraulic energy storage device and the electricity storage device, wherein the energy storage controller regulates mass flow out of the thermal hydraulic energy storage device and electrical flow into the electricity storage device.

101. The energy production system according to claim 89 operable to increase the thermal hydraulic fluid enthalpy further comprising:

a) a thermal hydraulic motor in fluid communication with the thermal hydraulic fluid, wherein the thermal hydraulic motor is operatively connected to an electricity generator operable to produce electricity;

b) a thermal hydraulic energy storage device, wherein the thermal hydraulic energy storage device is operatively connected to a thermal hydraulic motor in fluid communication with the thermal hydraulic fluid and wherein the thermal hydraulic motor is operatively connected to an electricity generator operable to produce electricity; and

c) an energy storage controller operatively connected with the thermal hydraulic energy storage device, wherein the energy storage controller regulates mass flow into the thermal hydraulic energy storage device to increase electricity production efficiency while concurrently utilizing excess real-time capacity electricity available from an electrical grid and distributed energy from electrical sources from at least one of electrical grid, electrical storage, distributed energy and thermal sources including at least one of solar thermal, active cooling of a solar photovoltaic cell, geothermal energy, thermal storage, and waste heat recovery by utilizing a thermal source operatively connected with the energy storage controller to increase enthalpy of the thermal hydraulic fluid subsequently during the second stage expansion.

102. An energy production system operable during off-peak energy consumption periods comprising:

a) at least one absorbent and at least one absorbate, wherein the at least one absorbent and the at least one absorbate are a thermal hydraulic fluid;

b) at least one thermal hydraulic pump, wherein the at least one thermal hydraulic pump increases pressure of the thermal hydraulic fluid;

c) at least one non-thermal desorption device operatively associated with the at least one hydraulic pump, wherein the at least one non-thermal desorption device desorbs the at least one absorbate from the thermal hydraulic fluid; and

d) at least one absorbate storage tank, wherein the at least one absorbate storage tank stores the at least one absorbate desorbed from the thermal hydraulic fluid.

103. The energy production system according to claim 102 operable to increase energy production system energy efficient coefficient of performance greater than unity further comprising:

at least two distinct expansion stages operable to expand desorbed absorbate, wherein the at least two distinct expansion stages consist of a first expansion stage expanding the desorbed absorbate to a temperature lower than a current ambient temperature for expanded absorbate, a subsequent heating process wherein a heating process increases thermal hydraulic fluid enthalpy, and a subsequent second expansion stage to further expand the expanded absorbate.

104. An energy production system operable to reduce desorption energy consumption comprising:

at least one absorbent and at least one absorbate, wherein the at least one absorbent has partial miscibility with the at least one absorbate, wherein the at least one absorbent has a critical solution temperature lower than the at lest one absorbent, and wherein the at least one absorbate is desorbed at a pressure above supercritical pressure of the at least one absorbate.

105. An energy storage system operable to store a hydraulic fluid at a resistive force of at least about 85% of the hydraulic fluid force on the interior surface of an accumulator comprising a) at least one variable volume accumulator, wherein at least one variable volume accumulator stores the hydraulic fluid at an accumulator pressure;

and b) a constant pressure load balancer operatively connected with the at least one variable volume accumulator, wherein the stored hydraulic fluid is subjected to resistive force of the constant pressure load balancer through an interior surface of the at least one variable volume accumulator.

106. The energy storage system according to claim 105 operable to remain within approximately 10% of the accumulator pressure further comprising an energy storage controller operatively connected with the at least one variable volume accumulator and the constant pressure load balancer, and wherein the energy storage controller dynamically varies hydraulic fluid expansion discharge pressure.

107. An energy storage system operable to store a hydraulic fluid and to output a constant net output energy production comprising:

a) an energy storage system controller, wherein the energy storage system controller has at least one energy parameter comprising at least one of electrical grid supply and demand, distributed energy supply and demand, and energy storage supply, and wherein the energy storage system controller regulates the hydraulic fluid mass flow rate;

b) a hydraulic pump in fluid communication with the hydraulic fluid, wherein the hydraulic pump increases the hydraulic fluid pressure;

c) a hydraulic motor operatively connected with the hydraulic pump, wherein the hydraulic motor transforms hydraulic energy of the hydraulic fluid into generated electricity;

d) an energy storage device in fluid communication with the hydraulic fluid, wherein the energy storage device stores at least part of the hydraulic fluid pumped by the hydraulic pump;

e) an electrical grid supply wherein the electrical grid supply is connected to electricity generated by the hydraulic motor operatively connected to an electricity generator; and

f) an energy demand controller, wherein the energy demand controller is connected to the energy storage system controller and wherein the energy storage system controller regulates the hydraulic motor operatively connected to an electricity generator to produce generated electricity at a constant net energy output by controlling mass flow rate of hydraulic fluid into and out of the energy storage device.

108. The energy storage system according to claim 107 operable to stabilize constant net output energy production operatively connected to real-time energy production fluctuations further comprising at least one alternative energy source of a solar photovoltaic cell, a wind turbine, a wave energy device, a geothermal driven thermodynamic cycle, and a solar thermal driven thermodynamic cycle, operatively connected with the electrical grid supply, wherein the energy storage device in combination with the at least one alternative energy source produces generated electricity at a constant net output energy production.

109. The energy storage system according to claim 108 operable to cool a solar photovoltaic cell comprising the at least one alternative energy source and to increase the constant net output energy production, wherein the hydraulic fluid is a thermal hydraulic fluid, wherein the thermal hydraulic fluid enthalpy out of the hydraulic motor is increased by having thermal hydraulic fluid in fluid communication with the solar photovoltaic cell, and wherein the thermal hydraulic fluid is comprised of at least one ionic liquid and at least one poly(ionic liquid) polymer.

110. The energy storage system according to claim 108 operable to increase constant net output energy production of a solar photovoltaic cell comprising the at least one alternative energy source, wherein the hydraulic fluid is a thermal hydraulic fluid, wherein the thermal hydraulic fluid is expanded resulting in a thermal hydraulic fluid temperature lower than hydraulic pump ambient temperature operable to produce cooling capacity from expansion of the thermal hydraulic fluid and wherein the solar photovoltaic cell efficiency is increased.

111. An energy storage system operable to increase pressure and enthalpy of a thermal hydraulic fluid comprising a) a thermal hydraulic pump in fluid communication with the thermal hydraulic fluid, wherein the thermal hydraulic pump increases pressure of the thermal hydraulic fluid;

b) a first thermal hydraulic pressure storage system operatively connected with the thermal hydraulic fluid, wherein the thermal hydraulic fluid is stored in a first thermal hydraulic pressure storage system at a pressure P1;

c) a second thermal hydraulic pressure storage system operatively connected with the thermal hydraulic fluid, wherein the thermal hydraulic fluid is stored in the second thermal hydraulic pressure storage system at a pressure P2 and wherein pressure P1 is at least about 15% greater than pressure P2;

d) a heat exchanger in fluid communication with the thermal hydraulic fluid following the first thermal hydraulic pressure storage system; and

e) a thermal hydraulic motor operatively connected with the thermal hydraulic fluid, wherein the thermal hydraulic motor produces more energy than consumed by the thermal hydraulic pump.

112. An energy production system operable to increase power generation by utilizing a thermal hydraulic fluid comprising:

a) a combustion engine mechanically connected to a thermal hydraulic pump, wherein the thermal hydraulic pump is in fluid communication with the thermal hydraulic fluid and increases pressure having pressure P1 of the thermal hydraulic fluid to generate energy having power W1;

b) a heat exchanger in fluid communication with the thermal hydraulic fluid to transfer thermal energy into the thermal hydraulic fluid, wherein the thermal hydraulic fluid pressurized by the thermal hydraulic pump and in fluid communication with the heat exchanger operatively recovers waste heat produced by at least one of the combustion engine, exhaust of the combustion engine, and an oil cooler of the combustion engine; and

c) a thermal hydraulic motor in fluid communication with the thermal hydraulic fluid to generate energy having power W2 that is greater than power W1.

113. The energy production system according to claim 112 operable to store energy during off-peak times and to produce energy during peak times further comprising a thermal hydraulic fluid storage device operatively connected with the thermal hydraulic pump wherein the thermal hydraulic pump generates thermal hydraulic energy and the thermal hydraulic fluid pressurized by the thermal hydraulic pump is stored in the thermal hydraulic fluid storage device.

114. The energy production system according to claim 113 operable to make a power generating operation of the thermal hydraulic pump asynchronous with transfer of thermal energy into the thermal hydraulic fluid through the heat exchanger.

115. The energy production system according to claim 112 wherein the thermal hydraulic fluid at pressure P1 is a binary fluid comprised of an absorbent and absorbate, wherein the absorbate is then desorbed from the absorbent, wherein the desorbed absorbate is then further heated by a thermal energy source, wherein the desorbed absorbate then generates power by reducing pressure of the thermal hydraulic fluid to a pressure P2 through a first expander, wherein pressure P2 is lower than pressure P1, wherein the absorbent at pressure P1 generates power by reducing pressure of the thermal hydraulic fluid to pressure P3 through a second expander, wherein pressure P1 is greater than pressure P3, and wherein pressure P2 is greater than pressure P3.

116. An energy storage system operable to increase stored energy of a thermal hydraulic fluid comprising:

a) an energy storage controller, wherein the energy storage controller regulates the flow of a thermal hydraulic fluid;

b) a thermal hydraulic expansion motor operatively connected with the energy storage controller, wherein the thermal hydraulic expansion motor transforms thermal hydraulic energy into mechanical energy;

c) a first thermal hydraulic storage device operatively connected with the thermal hydraulic motor, the thermal hydraulic fluid having a stored energy KWH1, wherein the thermal hydraulic fluid is at a first temperature; and

d) a second thermal storage device operatively connected with the thermal hydraulic motor, the thermal hydraulic fluid having a stored energy KWH2, wherein the thermal hydraulic fluid is at a second temperature.

117. The energy storage system according to claim 116 operable to increase enthalpy of the thermal hydraulic fluid further comprising at least one thermal energy source operatively connected with the thermal hydraulic expansion motor, the at least one thermal energy source comprising at least one of a combustion engine, and a waste heat recovery system operatively connected to recover thermal energy from the combustion engine.

118. The energy storage system according to claim 117 operable to reduce carbon dioxide emissions by calculating in real-time available thermal hydraulic fluid having stored energy KWH1, comparing a projected energy required KWH3 to either reach vehicle destination or reach an off-peak time, and controlling at least one of the combustion engine and the waste heat recovery system operatively connected to recover thermal energy from the combustion engine, when KWH3 is greater than KWH1 plus KWH2, wherein the energy storage controller regulates the (a) thermal hydraulic fluid mass flow out of the thermal hydraulic storage device and (b) the thermal hydraulic fluid mass flow into at least one of the thermal energy storage and the waste heat recovery system.

119. An energy production system operable to non-thermally desorb a binary thermal hydraulic fluid at a pressure greater than the binary thermal hydraulic fluid bubble point when thermally desorbing maximum pressure comprising:

a) a non-thermal desorption method, wherein the non-thermal desorption method separates an absorbent and an absorbate from the binary thermal hydraulic fluid; and

b) a thermal hydraulic fluid motor in fluid communication with the binary thermal fluid and operatively connected to generate energy from the binary thermal hydraulic fluid, wherein the binary thermal hydraulic fluid desorption pressure is P1, wherein the maximum pressure of the binary thermal fluid bubbling point at temperature T1 is P2, and wherein P1 is greater than P2.

121. An energy production system operable to fractionate a binary thermal hydraulic fluid having a component A1 and a component A2 comprising:

a) at least two distinct expansion stages including a first expansion stage, wherein the at least two distinct expansion stages result in a thermal hydraulic fluid temperature higher than the component A1 liquid phase transition temperature;

b) a phase separation process to fractionate the binary thermal hydraulic fluid into a second stream, wherein the phase separation process results in the second stream having less than about 10% on a weight basis of component A1; and

c) a second expansion stage, wherein the second stream is operable connected to generate additional energy.