RETICULATED AND CONTROLLED POROSITY BATTERY STRUCTURES
First Claim
1. An electrode comprising a framework having an ionically interconnected porous network, wherein the porous network has a porosity density that varies from a first end to a second end.
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Accused Products
Abstract
The effective ionic conductivity in a composite structure is believed to decrease rapidly with volume fraction. A system, such as a bipolar device or energy storage device, has structures or components in which the diffusion length or path that electrodes or ions must traverse is minimized and the interfacial area exposed to the ions or electrons is maximized. The device includes components that can be reticulated or has a reticulated interface so that an interface area can be increased. The increased interfacial perimeter increases the available sites for reaction of ionic species. Many different reticulation patterns can be used. The aspect ratio of the reticulated features can be varied. Such bipolar devices can be fabricated by a variety of methods or procedures. A bipolar device having structures of reticulated interface can be tailored for the purposes of controlling and optimizing charge and discharge kinetics. A bipolar device having graded porosity structures can have improved transport properties because the diffusion controlling reaction kinetics can be modified. Graded porosity electrodes can be linearly or nonlinearly graded. A bipolar device having perforated structures also provides improved transport properties by removing tortuosity and reducing diffusion distance.
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Citations
23 Claims
- 1. An electrode comprising a framework having an ionically interconnected porous network, wherein the porous network has a porosity density that varies from a first end to a second end.
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5. An energy storage device, comprising:
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a first electrode; a second electrode; a first current collector in electronic communication with the first electrode; a second current collector in electronic communication with the second electrode; and an electrolyte in ionic communication with the first and second electrodes, wherein at least one of the first and second electrodes includes a portion having an ionically interconnected porosity that increases in a direction from the current collector with which the electrode is in electrical communication toward the other electrode or current collector. - View Dependent Claims (6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23)
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Specification