Nanopore structured electrochemical biosensors

• US 20080237063A1
• Filed: 04/19/2007
• Published: 10/02/2008
• Est. Priority Date: 04/19/2006
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Ellen T. Chen
• Original Assignee: Ellen T. Chen
• Inventors: Chen, Ellen T.
• Granted Patent: US 8,083,926 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 205/777.5
• CPC Class Codes: C12Q 1/006 for glucose
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 977/92 Detection of biochemical

Abstract

The present invention provides a novel biosensor and measuring method. The novel biosensor of the present invention comprises an electrode having a nanopore structured and catalytically active cyclodextrin attached thereto. The biosensor of the present invention has demonstrated robust analytical performance for direct glucose measurement without mediators or without using native enzyme, which is especially beneficial in the hypoglycemia range.

Claims

1. A sensor comprising:

an electrode; and

a cyclodextrin in the form of a nanopore and chemically modified to be electrocatalytically active affixed to said electrode.

2. The sensor according to claim 1, wherein the electrode comprises gold or glassy carbon.

3. The sensor according to claim 1, wherein said cyclodextrin comprises at least one imidazole group.

4. The sensor according to claim 3, wherein said cyclodextrin comprises a biomimetic Histine residue (His-516) receptor of glucose oxidase.

5. The sensor according to claim 1, wherein said cyclodextrin is cross-linked with a polymer.

6. The sensor according to claim 5, wherein said polymer comprises polyethylene glycol (PEG).

7. The sensor according to claim 5, wherein said polymer comprises poly-4-vinylpyridine (PVP).

8. The sensor according to claim 5, wherein said cross-linking is through self-assembly.

9. The sensor according to claim 1, said sensor being mediator free.

10. The sensor according to claim 1, wherein said sensor is free of nature glucose enzyme.

11. The sensor according to claim 1, said sensor being useful over a pH range of from about 5 to about 8.

12. The sensor according to claim 1, said sensor being bioselective for glucose.

13. The sensor according to claim 1, said sensor having a direct electron transfer (DET) rate constant of 131±

2.3/second.

14. The sensor according to claim 1, said sensor having a limit of detection (LOD) of 3.1 nmol/L/mm².

15. The sensor according to claim 1, wherein the cyclodextrin forms a uniform arrayed-nanopore membrane with 10-20 nm pore size and with its pin-hole free.

16. The sensor according to claim 15, wherein said the sensor has nanopore channeling effect.

17. The sensor according to claim 1, wherein the relative standard deviation of the measurements of the sensor is about 1.5%.

18. A sensor for detecting glucose comprising:

an electrode; and

a cyclodextrin in the form of a nanopore and chemically modified to be electrocatalytically active affixed to said electrode;

wherein said cyclodextrin comprises a biomimetic Histine residue (His-516) receptor of glucose oxidase; and

wherein said cyclodextrin is cross-linked with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and poly-4-vinylpyridine (PVP) to form a self-assembly membrane.

19. The sensor according to claim 18, wherein the electrode comprises gold.

20. A method of measuring the concentration of a material in a sample, comprising the steps of:

obtaining a sample which can be detected;

contacting the sample with a sensor, the sensor comprising an electrode having a cyclodextrin in the form of a nanopore and chemically modified to be electrocatalytically active attached thereto; and

measuring the concentration of the material.

21. The method according to claim 20, wherein the material to be measured comprises glucose.

22. The method according to claim 20, wherein the sample comprises a bodily fluid.

23. The method according to claim 20 wherein said cyclodextrin comprises a biomimetic Histine residue (His-516) receptor of glucose oxidase.

24. The method according to claim 20, wherein said cyclodextrin is cross-linked with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and poly-4-vinylpyridine (PVP) to form a self-assembly membrane.

25. A method of constructing a biosensor, comprising the steps of:

providing an electrode;

contacting the electrode with a solution, wherein the solution comprises a cyclodextrin chemically modified to be electrocatalytically active; and

affixing the electrocatalytically active cyclodextrin to the electrode where the cyclodextrin forms a nanopore.

26. The method according to claim 25, wherein said cyclodextrin comprises a biomimetic Histine residue (His-516) receptor of glucose oxidase.

27. The method according to claim 25, wherein the solution comprises polyethylene glycol (PEG) and poly-4-vinylpyridine (PVP).