Systems and methods for enhancing fluorescent signals
First Claim
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1. A composition comprising:
- a surface, comprising a metallic particle deposited thereon; and
,an enzyme located on the surface proximal to the metallic particle;
wherein the enzyme is positioned proximal to the metallic particle such that a signal generated by an enzyme product produced by an action of the enzyme is increased by proximity to the metallic particle.
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Abstract
Composition, systems, apparatus and methods of enhancing fluorescent signals in biochemical are described. Metal particle proximity to enzymes that produce fluorescent products provide enhanced fluorescence of the product and plasmon resonance of the metal particle. Multi-labeled nucleotides enhance signal production. Reflectance of illumination light and emitted fluorescence increase signal strength for a given illumination light.
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Citations
84 Claims
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1. A composition comprising:
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a surface, comprising a metallic particle deposited thereon; and
,an enzyme located on the surface proximal to the metallic particle; wherein the enzyme is positioned proximal to the metallic particle such that a signal generated by an enzyme product produced by an action of the enzyme is increased by proximity to the metallic particle. - View Dependent Claims (4, 7, 8, 9, 10)
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2-3. -3. (canceled)
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5-6. -6. (canceled)
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11. (canceled)
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12. A system, comprising:
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a first surface, comprising a metallic particle deposited thereon; an enzyme proximal to the metallic particle; and
,a signal detector positioned to detect a signal produced by an action of the enzyme; wherein the enzyme is positioned proximal to the metallic particle such that a signal generated by an enzyme product produced by said action is increased by proximity to the metallic particle. - View Dependent Claims (13, 16, 17, 18, 19, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33)
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14-15. -15. (canceled)
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20. (canceled)
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28. (canceled)
- 34. (canceled)
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36. A method of obtaining an enhanced signal from an enzyme reaction, the method comprising:
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coupling the enzyme to a first surface proximal to a metallic particle, wherein proximity to the particle enhances a signal generated by a product of a reaction mediated by the enzyme; and
,performing a reaction mediated by the enzyme, wherein the signal produced by the product of the reaction is increased by proximity of the product to the metal surface.
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37-54. -54. (canceled)
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55. A composition comprising an artificial nucleotide comprising two or more optical labels, wherein at least two of the labels are detectable.
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56-82. -82. (canceled)
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83. A method of performing epifluorescent signal detection, the method comprising:
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illuminating a sample that comprises a fluorescent moiety with illumination light; reflecting illumination light that passes through the sample one or more times back through the sample; and
,detecting a fluorescent signal from the sample; wherein the illumination light is produced from an illumination source that is integral with a detector that detects the illumination source.
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84-97. -97. (canceled)
Specification