Authenticity Verification of Articles Using a Database

• US 20080294900A1
• Filed: 07/29/2005
• Published: 11/27/2008
• Est. Priority Date: 08/13/2004
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Ingenia Holdings Limited
• Original Assignee: Ingenia Technology Limited
• Inventors: Cowburn, Russell Paul
• Granted Patent: US 8,103,046 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 713/176
• CPC Class Codes: G06V 10/42 Global feature extraction by analysis of the whole pattern, e.g. using frequency domain transformations or autocorrelation
• CPC Class Codes: G06V 10/431 Frequency domain transformation; Autocorrelation
• CPC Class Codes: G06V 20/80 Recognising image objects characterised by unique random patterns
• CPC Class Codes: G07D 7/004 using digital security elements, e.g. information coded on a magnetic thread or strip
• CPC Class Codes: G07D 7/0043 using barcodes
• CPC Class Codes: G07D 7/01 Testing electronic circuits therein

Abstract

A digital signature is obtained by digitising a set of data points obtained by scanning a coherent beam over a paper, cardboard or other article, and measuring the scatter. A thumbnail digital signature is also determined by digitising an amplitude spectrum of a Fourier transform of the set of data points. A database of digital signatures and their thumbnails can thus be built up. The authenticity of an article can later be verified by re-scanning the article to determine its digital signature and thumbnail, and then searching the database for a match. Searching is done on the basis of the Fourier transform thumbnail to improve search speed. Speed is improved, since, in a pseudo-random bit sequence, any bit shift only affects the phase spectrum, and not the amplitude spectrum of a Fourier transform represented in polar coordinates. The amplitude spectrum stored in the thumbnail can therefore be matched without any knowledge of the unknown bit shift caused by registry errors between the original scan and the re-scan.

Claims

1. A method of scanning an article arranged in a reading volume, comprising:

collecting a set of data points from intensity signals obtained when coherent light scatters from the reading volume, the set of data points comprising at least one data point relating to scatter from a first part of the reading volume and at least one data point relating to scatter from a second part of the reading volume;

determining a digital signature of the article by digitising the set of data points; and

determining a thumbnail digital signature of the article by digitising an amplitude part of a Fourier transform of the set of data points.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

storing the digital signature with its thumbnail digital signature in a database.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the digital signature is stored with its thumbnail digital signature in the database conditional on there being no match between it and any digital signature already stored in the database.

4. The method of claim 2, further comprising:

labelling the article with a machine-readable marking that encodes an approximate record locator to assist finding the digital signature in the database.

5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

providing a database of previously recorded signatures and their thumbnail digital signatures;

searching the database to seek at least one candidate match by performing a comparison between the determined thumbnail digital signature and the previously recorded thumbnail digital signatures; and

determining for any candidate match whether there is a match by performing a comparison between the determined digital signature and the at least one previously recorded digital signatures.

6. The method of claim 4, further comprising:

determining for each match a confidence level based on degree of similarity between the determined digital signature and the previously recorded digital signature found to have a match.

7. The method of claim 5, further comprising:

labelling the article with a machine-readable marking that encodes an approximate record locator to assist finding the digital signature in the database; and

reading the machine-readable marking on the article to obtain the approximate record locator, and using the approximate record locator to seek the at least one candidate match in the database.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein the article is made of paper or cardboard.

25. The method of claim 1, wherein the different parts of the reading volume are subjected to coherent light sequentially.

9. An apparatus for scanning an article arranged in a reading volume, comprising:

a source for generating a coherent beam;

a detector arrangement for collecting a set of data points from signals obtained when the coherent beam scatters from the reading volume, the set of data points comprising at least one data point relating to scatter from a first part of the reading volume and at least one data point relating to scatter from a second part of the reading volume; and

a data acquisition and processing module operable to;

(i) determine a digital signature of the article by digitising the set of data points; and

(ii) determine a thumbnail digital signature of the article by digitising an amplitude part of a Fourier transform of the set of data points.

10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the data acquisition and processing module is further operable to:

store the digital signature with its thumbnail digital signature in a database.

11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the data acquisition and processing module is operable to store the digital signature with its thumbnail digital signature in the database conditional on there being no match between it and any digital signature already stored in the database.

12. The apparatus of claim 9, further comprising:

a database of previously recorded signatures and their thumbnail digital signatures; and

a search tool operable to (i) search the database to seek at least one candidate match by performing a comparison between the determined thumbnail digital signature and the previously recorded thumbnail digital signatures; and

(ii) determine for any candidate match whether there is a match by performing a comparison between the determined digital signature and the at least one previously recorded digital signatures.

13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the search tool is further operable to determine for each match a confidence level based on degree of similarity between the determined digital signature and the previously recorded digital signature found to have a match.

26. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the different parts of the reading volume are subjected to coherent light sequentially.

14. A database comprising a plurality of records, each comprising:

a digital signature of an article obtained by digitising a set of data points obtained from the article, the set of data points comprising at least one data point relating to scatter from a first point of the article and at least one data point relating to scatter from a second point of the article; and

a thumbnail digital signature of the article obtained by digitising an amplitude part of a Fourier transform of the set of data points.

15. The database of claim 32, wherein the data points are obtained from scattering of coherent light from the article.

16. A system comprising a search tool operable to:

search a database according to claim 15 for candidate matches by performing a comparison between an input thumbnail digital signature and the thumbnail digital signatures held in the database.

17. The system of claim 16, wherein the search tool is further operable to:

determine for any candidate match whether there is a match by performing a comparison between the input digital signature and the digital signature held in the record of the candidate match.

18. The system of claim 16, wherein the search tool is operable to search the database for candidate matches using an approximate record locator.

19. The system of claim 16, wherein the database is remote from the system.

20. The system of claim 16, wherein the database is integral with the system.

21-24. -24. (canceled)