Solutions, Dialysates, and Related Methods
First Claim
1. A method of performing dialysis, the method comprising placing a solution in communication with blood of a subject, wherein a concentration of at least one electrically conductive solute in the solution, prior to being placed in communication with the blood of the subject, is substantially equal to a concentration of the at least one electrically conductive solute in the blood of the subject.
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Accused Products
Abstract
Solutions, dialysates, and methods for measuring solutes in blood and/or for treating blood. In one aspect of the invention, a method of performing dialysis includes placing a solution in communication with blood of a subject, where a concentration of at least one electrically conductive solute in the solution, prior to being placed in communication with the blood of the subject, is substantially equal to a concentration of the at least one electrically conductive solute in the blood of the subject.
125 Citations
36 Claims
- 1. A method of performing dialysis, the method comprising placing a solution in communication with blood of a subject, wherein a concentration of at least one electrically conductive solute in the solution, prior to being placed in communication with the blood of the subject, is substantially equal to a concentration of the at least one electrically conductive solute in the blood of the subject.
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8. A method of performing dialysis, the method comprising:
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measuring an electrical conductivity of a solution in communication with the blood of a subject, a concentration of at least one electrically conductive solute in the solution being substantially equal to a concentration of the at least one electrically conductive solute in the blood of the subject; determining a sodium concentration of the blood of the subject as a function of the measured electrical conductivity of the solution; and placing a dialysate in communication with the blood of the subject, the dialysate, prior to being placed in communication with the blood of the subject, having a sodium concentration that is substantially equal to the determined sodium concentration of the blood of the subject. - View Dependent Claims (9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17)
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18. A method, comprising:
preparing a solution for determining a sodium concentration in blood of a subject, the solution having a level of one or more electrically conductive solutes, other than sodium, that is substantially equal to a determined average level of the one or more electrically conductive solutes in blood of a population of subjects. - View Dependent Claims (19, 20, 21, 22)
- 23. A solution for determining a sodium concentration in blood of a subject, the solution comprising a concentration of a plurality of electrically conductive solutes that is substantially equal to a predetermined concentration of the plurality of electrically conductive solutes in the blood.
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27. A method of preparing a dialysate, the method comprising:
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measuring an electrical conductivity of a dialysate concentrate; and combining an amount of the dialysate concentrate with an amount of a liquid, the amounts of the dialysate concentrate and the liquid being determined as a function of the measured electrical conductivity of the dialysate concentrate. - View Dependent Claims (28, 29)
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30. A method of performing dialysis, the method comprising:
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placing a test solution in communication with a dialysis patient'"'"'s blood across a semi-permeable membrane for sufficient time to cause sodium ions from the patient'"'"'s blood to migrate across the membrane into the test solution, the test solution, prior to being placed in communication with the patient'"'"'s blood, comprising concentrations of conductive solutes approximately matching expected concentrations of corresponding conductive solutes in the patient'"'"'s blood and having a sodium concentration that is lower than an expected sodium concentration of the patient'"'"'s blood; measuring conductivity of the test solution both before and after the test solution is placed in communication with the patient'"'"'s blood; estimating a current concentration of sodium in the patient'"'"'s blood as a function of a differential between the conductivity of the test solution before being placed in communication with the patient'"'"'s blood and the conductivity of the test solution after being placed in communication with the patient'"'"'s blood; providing a dialysate having a sodium concentration substantially equal to the estimated current sodium concentration in the patient'"'"'s blood; and placing the dialysate in communication with the patient'"'"'s blood across the semi-permeable membrane to perform a dialysis treatment on the patient'"'"'s blood without substantially altering the sodium concentration of the patient'"'"'s blood during the performance of the dialysis treatment. - View Dependent Claims (31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36)
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Specification