Portable patient devices, systems, and methods for providing patient aid and preventing medical errors, for monitoring patient use of ingestible medications, and for preventing distribution of counterfeit drugs

• US 20080303638A1
• Filed: 03/24/2008
• Published: 12/11/2008
• Est. Priority Date: 03/24/2007
• Status: Abandoned Application

• Current Assignee: Bich-Dao Thi Nguyen, Hap Nguyen
• Original Assignee: Bich-Dao Thi Nguyen, Hap Nguyen
• Inventors: NGUYEN, Hap, NGUYEN, Bich-Dao Thi
• Application Number:
  US12/079,080
• Publication Number:
  US 20080303638A1
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 340/10.42
• CPC Class Codes: G06Q 10/00 Administration; Management
• CPC Class Codes: G06Q 40/08 Insurance
• CPC Class Codes: G06Q 50/00 Information and communication technology [ICT] specially adapted for implementation of business processes of specific business sectors, e.g. utilities or tourism healthcare informatics G16H
• CPC Class Codes: G16H 10/65 stored on portable record carriers, e.g. on smartcards, RFID tags or CD
• CPC Class Codes: G16H 20/10 relating to drugs or medications, e.g. for ensuring correct administration to patients
• CPC Class Codes: G16H 40/67 for remote operation

Abstract

A portable digital patient assistant includes an RFID reader, a central processing unit for processing signals received from the RFID reader, a memory for storing data, and an output operatively linked to the central processing unit for providing output information regarding use of medicinal drugs. Methods for using the portable digital patient assistant include use at the doctor'"'"'s office, pharmacy, emergency medical vehicle, hospital, home, and use while taking medications to the verify authenticity thereof and prevent drug overdoses. Related methods and systems for manufacturing, packaging, and shipping medicinal drugs to prevent the distribution of counterfeit drugs are also provided. One of the methods includes the steps of preparing a predetermined amount of a specific type of drug for patient end-users; forming discrete individual doses of the specific type of drug; and associating a respective RFID tag with each of the discrete individual doses of the specific type of drug so that when the specific type of drug is distributed to the patient end-users, at least one RFID reader may be employed to read the RFID tags associated with each of the discrete individual doses to thereby verify the authenticity of the doses as they move through a distribution channel from a manufacture to the patient end-users.

Claims

1. A system for monitoring use of ingested medications, said system comprising:

a container including an RFID container tag that provides said container with a particular container identification number, said RFID container tag capable of emitting a signal including said container identification number;

a plurality of medicinal tablets stored in said container, each of said medicinal tablets including an RFID tablet tag that provides a corresponding respective tablet with a particular tablet identification number, each of said RFID tablet tags capable of emitting a signal including its respective tablet identification number; and

a portable digital patient assistant for use by a patient during administration of said medicinal tablets, said portable digital patient assistant including an RFID reader and a communications output, said RFID reader capable of detecting the signals emitted by the respective RFID tags and said communications output enabled to send information regarding said administration to a remote location.

2. The system according to claim 1 wherein said portable digital patient assistant further includes a processor operatively linked with said RFID reader, said processor enabled to determine a count of medicinal tablets.

3. The system according to claim 1 wherein said portable digital patient assistant further includes a processor operatively linked with said RFID reader, said processor enabled to determine a count of medicinal tablets and whether the number of counted medicinal tablets is still stored within said container by analyzing the signals returned from said RFID container tag and said RFID tablet tags.

4. The system according to claim 1 wherein said portable digital patient assistant further includes a processor operatively linked with said RFID reader, said processor enabled to determine a count of medicinal tablets and whether the number of counted medicinal tablets have been ingested by the patient by analyzing the signals returned from said RFID tablet tags relative to any signal returned from said RFID container tag.

5. The system according to claim 4 wherein said portable digital patient assistant further includes a controller operatively linked with said processor, said controller enabled to activate said communications output in a predetermined manner.

6. The system according to claim 5 wherein when said count of medicinal tablets ingested by the patient exceeds a set threshold, said controller activates said communications output to send a distress signal to said remote location to thereby indicate a possibility of a drug overdose.

7. A method of manufacturing and shipping drugs to prevent the distribution of counterfeit drugs, said method comprising the steps of:

preparing a predetermined amount of a specific type of drug for patient end-users;

forming discrete individual doses of said specific type of drug;

associating a respective RFID tag with each of said discrete individual doses of said specific type of drug;

filling a predetermined number of bottle-type containers with a predetermined number of said discrete individual doses of said specific type of drug, each of said discrete individual doses having associated therewith its respective RFID tag;

associating a respective RFID tag with each of said predetermined number of bottle-type containers;

filling a predetermined number of box-type containers with a predetermined number of said bottle-type containers;

associating a respective RFID tag with each of the predetermined number of filled box-type containers;

placing a predetermined number of filled box-type containers in a shipping stack, each of said filled box-type containers having associated therewith its respective RFID tag; and

associating a respective RFID tag with each of the predetermined number of shipping stacks so that when said specific type of drug is distributed to said patient end-users, a series of RFID readers may be employed to read the RFID tags associated with said shipping stacks, said filled box-type containers, said filled bottle-type containers, and each of said discrete individual doses to thereby verify the authenticity of each of said stacks, containers, and doses as they move through a distribution channel from a manufacture to said patient end-users.

8. A method of manufacturing drugs to prevent the distribution of counterfeit drugs, said method comprising the steps of:

preparing a predetermined amount of a specific type of drug for patient end-users;

forming discrete individual doses of said specific type of drug; and

associating a respective RFID tag with each of said discrete individual doses of said specific type of drug so that when said specific type of drug is distributed to said patient end-users, at least one RFID reader may be employed to read the RFID tags associated with each of said discrete individual doses to thereby verify the authenticity of said doses as they move through a distribution channel from a manufacture to said patient end-users.

9. A method of packaging and distributing solid or liquid drugs to prevent the distribution of counterfeit drugs, said method comprising the steps of:

receiving a predetermined amount of a specific type of drug for patient end-users;

filling each one of a predetermined number of bottle-type containers with some of said specific type of drug; and

associating a respective RFID tag with each of said predetermined number of bottle-type containers so that when said specific type of drug is distributed to said patient end-users, at least one RFID reader may be employed to read the RFID tags associated with said filled bottle-type containers to thereby verify the authenticity of each of said bottle-type containers as they move through a distribution channel from a packaging operation to said patient end-users.

10. A method of packaging and distributing solid or liquid drugs to prevent the distribution of counterfeit drugs, said method comprising the steps of:

receiving a predetermined amount of a specific type of drug for patient end-users;

filling each one of a predetermined number of bottle-type containers with some of said specific type of drug;

filling a predetermined number of box-type containers with a predetermined number of said bottle-type containers; and

associating a respective RFID tag with each of the predetermined number of filled box-type containers so that when said specific type of drug is distributed to said patient end-users, at least one RFID reader may be employed to read the RFID tags associated with said filled box-type containers to thereby verify the authenticity of each of said box-type containers as they move through a distribution channel from a packaging operation to said patient end-users.

11. A method of packaging and distributing solid or liquid drugs to prevent the distribution of counterfeit drugs, said method comprising the steps of:

preparing a predetermined amount of a specific type of drug for patient end-users;

filling each one of a predetermined number of bottle-type containers with some of said specific type of drug;

filling a predetermined number of box-type containers with a predetermined number of said bottle-type containers;

placing a predetermined number of filled box-type containers in a shipping stack; and

associating a respective RFID tag with each of the predetermined number of shipping stacks so that when said specific type of drug is distributed to said patient end-users, at least one RFID reader may be employed to read the RFID tags associated with said shipping stacks to thereby verify the authenticity of each of said stacks as they move through a distribution channel from a packaging operation to said patient end-users.

12. A system for preventing use of counterfeit medications, said system comprising:

a portable digital patient assistant for use by a patient during administration of medicinal drugs, said portable digital patient assistant including a memory, an RFID reader, and an output, said memory enabled to store at least one container identification number, said RFID reader capable of detecting signals emitted by respective RFID tags, and said output enabled to provide information to said patient regarding manufacturing aspects of said medicinal drugs; and

a database containing a plurality of container identification numbers each thereof associated with a respective RFID container tag included in a legitimately manufactured container so that when said patient uses any particular container of medicinal drugs, said RFID reader searches for a recognized container identification number emitted therefrom and in the absence of detecting same, said output is activated to indicate to said patient a possibility that said any particular container is counterfeit.

13. The system according to claim 12 wherein said portable digital patient assistant further includes a processor operatively linked with said RFID reader, said processor enabled to determine whether a signal received from an RFID tag includes a respective container identification number that matches with said at least one container identification number stored in said memory.

14. The system according to claim 12 wherein when said patient makes a purchase of legitimately manufactured medicinal drugs, said portable digital patient assistant interfaces with said database to transfer said at least one container identification number from said database into said memory.

15. The system according to claim 13 wherein said portable digital patient assistant further includes a controller operatively linked with said processor, said controller enabled to activate said output in a predetermined manner.

16. The system according to claim 15 wherein during said absence of detecting said recognized container identification number, said controller activates said output to indicate to said patient said possibility that said any particular container is counterfeit.

17. A system for preventing use of counterfeit tablet medications, said system comprising:

a portable digital patient assistant for use by a patient during administration of tablet-type medicinal drugs, said portable digital patient assistant including a memory, an RFID reader, and an output, said memory enabled to store a plurality of tablet identification numbers, said RFID reader capable of detecting signals emitted by respective RFID tags, and said output enabled to provide information to said patient regarding manufacturing aspects of said tablet-type medicinal drugs; and

a database containing a plurality of tablet identification numbers each thereof associated with a respective RFID tablet tag included in each legitimately manufactured tablet so that when said patient uses any particular tablet-type medicinal drug, said RFID reader searches for a recognized tablet identification number emitted therefrom and in the absence of detecting same, said output is activated to indicate to said patient a possibility that said any particular tablet-type medicinal drug is counterfeit.

18. The system according to claim 17 wherein said portable digital patient assistant further includes a processor operatively linked with said RFID reader, said processor enabled to determine whether a signal received from an RFID tag includes a respective tablet identification number that matches with one of said plurality of tablet identification numbers stored in said memory.

19. The system according to claim 17 wherein when said patient makes a purchase of legitimately manufactured tablet-type medicinal drugs, said portable digital patient assistant interfaces with said database to transfer corresponding tablet identification numbers said from said database into said memory.

20. The system according to claim 18 wherein said portable digital patient assistant further includes a controller operatively linked with said processor, said controller enabled to activate said output in a predetermined manner.

21. The system according to claim 20 wherein during said absence of detecting said recognized tablet identification number, said controller activates said output to indicate to said patient said possibility that said any particular tablet-type medicinal drug is counterfeit.

22. A portable patient assistant device, comprising:

an RFID reader implemented to read an RFID tag associated with patient use of medicinal drugs;

a central processing unit for processing signals received from said RFID reader;

a memory for storing data about said medicinal drugs, said memory being operatively associated with said central processing unit; and

an output operatively linked to said central processing unit to provide output information regarding said use of medicinal drugs.

23. The device according to claim 22 wherein said output is linked to a computer system so that said output information is communicated to a remote location.

24. The device according to claim 23 wherein the link to said computer system is implemented by hard wire.

25. The device according to claim 23 wherein the link to said computer system is implemented wirelessly.

26. The device according to claim 22 wherein said central processing unit includes a logic processor and a controller.

27. The device according to claim 26 wherein the stored data includes proper use data regarding administration of said medicinal drugs.

28. The device according to claim 27 wherein when said logic processor determines non-conforming drug use by said patient, said controller directs a distress signal to said output for transmission to a predetermined remote location.

29. The device according to claim 26 wherein the stored data includes data regarding manufacturing aspects of said medicinal drugs.

30. The device according to claim 29 wherein when said logic processor determines non-conforming manufacturing aspects of said medicinal drugs during patient use, said controller directs a signal to said output to advise the patient to discontinue use activity.

31. The device according to claim 29 wherein when said logic processor verifies conforming manufacturing aspects of said medicinal drugs during patient use, said controller directs a signal to said output to advise the patient to continue use activity.

32. A system for facilitating patient doctor interaction during patient care, said system comprising:

a portable patient assistant device including a central processing unit, a memory for storing data operatively associated with said central processing unit, and an output operatively linked to said central processing unit to provide output information to said patient;

a medical computer under control of said doctor, said medical computer having a central processing unit, a memory, and at least one communication link to a remote location for retrieving information relating to said patient care; and

means for transferring information from said medical computer to said portable patient assistant device so that when said patient uses said portable patient assistant device in the absence of attending medical personnel, said output provides relevant care information to said patient.

33. The system according to claim 32 wherein said at least one communication link includes a connection to any one or more of the Internet, a secure medical LAN, an insurance company, and a pharmacy.

34. The system according to either claim 32 or 33 wherein said portable patient assistant device further includes an RFID reader implemented to read an RFID tag associated with patient use of medicinal drugs, said central processing unit of said portable patient assistant device enabled to process signals received from said RFID reader so that said output provides information regarding said use of medicinal drugs.

35. The system according to claim 34 wherein said means for transferring information from said medical computer to said portable patient assistant device includes a docking station.

36. The system according to claim 34 wherein said means for transferring information from said medical computer to said portable patient assistant device includes a wireless data transfer.

37. A method for facilitating a patient'"'"'s visit to a medical or dental office, said method comprising the steps of:

arriving at an office appointment with a portable patient assistant device including a memory having stored patient data, an input for receiving data into the device, and an output for outputting information from the device to a remote location;

connecting said portable patient assistant device to an office computer system;

transferring at least some of said stored patient data from said memory to said office computer system;

inputting updated patient data into said office computer system; and

transferring said updated patient data from said office computer system to said portable patient assistant device for patient use after completion of said office appointment.

52. The method according to any one of claims 37 to 42 including the further step of determining whether said patient'"'"'s visit is for a new health problem or a reoccurring health problem.

53. The method according to claim 52 wherein when said patient'"'"'s visit is for said reoccurring health problem, said portable patient assistant device determines whether visits for said reoccurring health problem have exceeded a predetermined number within a predetermined time period.

54. The method according to claim 53 wherein when said visits for said reoccurring health problem have exceeded said predetermined number within said predetermined time period, said portable patient assistant device provides a prompt to obtain a second opinion.

38. A method for facilitating a patient'"'"'s visit to a medical or dental office, said method comprising the steps of:

arriving at an office appointment with a portable patient assistant device including a memory having stored patient data, an input for receiving data into the device, and an output for outputting information from the device to a remote location;

connecting said portable patient assistant device to an office computer system;

connecting said office computer system to an insurance company computer system;

transferring at least some of said stored patient data from said memory to said office computer system;

transferring at least some of the transferred patient data from said office computer system to said insurance company computer system;

inputting updated patient data into said office computer system; and

transferring said updated patient data from said office computer system to said portable patient assistant device for patient use after completion of said office appointment.

39. The method according to claim 38 including the further step of receiving updated insurance data from said insurance company computer system.

40. The method according to claim 39 including the further step of storing said updated insurance data from said insurance company computer system in said office computer system.

41. The method according to claim 39 including the further step of storing said updated insurance data from said insurance company computer system in said portable patient assistant device.

42. The method according to claim 40 including the further step of transferring said updated insurance data from said office computer system into said portable patient assistant device.

43. A method for providing insurance company review and processing of a patient expense, said method comprising the steps of:

providing a patient with a portable patient assistant device including a memory for storing patient data, an input for receiving data into the device, and an output for outputting information from the device to a remote location;

inputting a procedure request into said memory of said portable patient assistant device;

connecting said portable patient assistant device to an insurance company computer system;

reviewing said procedure request at the insurance company; and

providing a result from said reviewing step.

44. The method according to claim 43 wherein said step of providing a result includes a denial of said procedure request.

45. The method according to claim 43 wherein said step of providing a result includes an approval of said procedure request.

46. The method according to claim 43 wherein said step of providing a result includes a follow-up request for more information.

47. The method according to any one of claims 43 to 46 including the further step of transferring said result from said insurance company computer system to said portable patient assistant device.

48. The method according to any one of claims 43 to 46 wherein said inputting step is performed by authorized medical personnel from a doctor'"'"'s office.

49. The method according to claim 48 further including the steps of:

connecting said portable patient assistant device to a doctor'"'"'s office medical computer; and

transferring said result from said insurance company computer system to said doctor'"'"'s office medical computer.

50. The method according to any one of claims 43 to 46 wherein said inputting step is performed by authorized dental personnel from a dentist'"'"'s office.

51. The method according to claim 50 further including the steps of:

connecting said portable patient assistant device to a dentist'"'"'s office medical computer; and

transferring said result from said insurance company computer system to said dentist'"'"'s office medical computer.

55. The method according to any one of claims 43 to 46 wherein said inputting step is performed by authorized personnel from a pharmacy during a patient visit for purchasing a prescribed medication.

56. The method according claim 55 including the further step of transferring said result from said insurance company computer system to said portable patient assistant device.

57. The method according claim 55 including the further step of transferring said result from said insurance company computer system to a pharmacy computer system.

58. A method for facilitating a patient'"'"'s visit to a pharmacy, said method comprising the steps of:

arriving at a pharmacy with a portable patient assistant device including a memory having stored patient data, an input for receiving data into the device, and an output for outputting information from the device to a remote location;

connecting said portable patient assistant device to a pharmacy computer system;

transferring at least some of said stored patient data from said memory to said pharmacy computer system;

updating patient data in said pharmacy computer system; and

filling any prescriptions for medications indicated by said transferring step.

59. A method for facilitating a patient'"'"'s visit to a pharmacy, said method comprising the steps of:

arriving at a pharmacy with a portable patient assistant device including a memory having stored patient data, an input for receiving data into the device, and an output for outputting information from the device to a remote location;

connecting said portable patient assistant device to a pharmacy computer system;

connecting said pharmacy computer system to an insurance company computer system;

transferring at least some of said stored patient data from said memory to said pharmacy computer system;

transferring at least some of the transferred patient data from said pharmacy computer system to said insurance company computer system;

updating patient data in said pharmacy computer system; and

filling any prescriptions for medications indicated by said by at least one of said transferring steps.

60. The method according to claim 59 including the further step of receiving updated insurance data from said insurance company computer system.

61. The method according to claim 60 including the further step of storing said updated insurance data from said insurance company computer system in said pharmacy computer system.

62. The method according to claim 60 including the further step of storing said updated insurance data from said insurance company computer system in said portable patient assistant device.

63. The method according to claim 61 including the further step of transferring said updated insurance data from said pharmacy computer system into said portable patient assistant device.

64. A system for monitoring a patient'"'"'s purchase and use of medication, said system comprising:

a pharmacy computer system including a database having patient information;

a container including an RFID container tag that provides said container with a particular container identification number, said RFID container tag capable of emitting a signal including said container identification number;

a plurality of medicinal tablets stored in said container, each of said medicinal tablets including an RFID tablet tag that provides a corresponding respective tablet with a particular tablet identification number, each of said RFID tablet tags capable of emitting a signal including its respective tablet identification number; and

a portable digital patient assistant for use by a patient during purchase and administration of said medicinal tablets, said portable digital patient assistant being connectable to said pharmacy computer system and including a memory and an RFID reader capable of detecting the signals emitted by the respective RFID tags so that upon purchase, said RFID reader detects the RFID tags and said portable digital patient assistant stores said particular container and tablet identification numbers in said memory and transfers same to said pharmacy computer system for storing in said database thereof.

65. The system according to claim 64 wherein said portable digital patient assistant further includes a processor operatively linked with said RFID reader.

66. The system according to claim 65 wherein said processor is enabled to determine a count of medicinal tablets.

67. The system according to claim 66 wherein during patient use of medication said RFID reader detects said RFID container and tablet tags in a subsequent reading and said processor compares the container and tablet identification numbers from said subsequent reading with those obtained at the time of purchase to thereby determine a count of remaining tablets.

68. The system according to claim 66 wherein said processor determines a count of medicinal tablets and whether the number of counted medicinal tablets is still stored within said container by analyzing the signals returned from said RFID container tag and said RFID tablet tags during patient use thereof.

69. The system according to claim 66 wherein said processor determines a count of medicinal tablets and whether the number of counted medicinal tablets have been ingested by the patient by analyzing the signals returned from said RFID tablet tags relative to any signal returned from said RFID container tag.

70. The system according to claim 69 wherein said portable digital patient assistant further includes a communications output and a controller operatively linked with said processor, said controller enabled to activate said communications output in a predetermined manner.

71. The system according to claim 70 wherein when said count of medicinal tablets in said container drops below a set threshold, said controller activates said communications output to send a refill order to said pharmacy computer system.

72. The system according to claim 71 further including a doctor office computer system operatively linked to said pharmacy computer system so that when said pharmacy computer system receives said refill order said doctor office computer system is notified thereof.

73. The system according to claim 72 wherein from a remote location, said portable digital patient assistant is periodically linked to said doctor office computer system to update same with patient information.

74. The system according to claim 72 wherein from a remote location, said portable digital patient assistant is periodically linked to said doctor office computer system to update same with patient information regarding said patient'"'"'s use of medication.

75. A system for monitoring a pharmacy'"'"'s sales and distribution of medication, said system comprising:

a pharmacy computer system including a database having patient information and a pharmacy-maintained RFID reader;

a container including an RFID container tag that provides said container with a particular container identification number, said RFID container tag capable of emitting a signal including said container identification number; and

a plurality of medicinal tablets stored in said container, each of said medicinal tablets including an RFID tablet tag that provides a corresponding respective tablet with a particular tablet identification number, each of said RFID tablet tags capable of emitting a signal including its respective tablet identification number so that upon purchase, said pharmacy-maintained RFID reader detects the RFID tags and said particular container and tablet identification numbers are stored in said database along with any new or prior related patient information.

76. The system according to claim 75 further including a portable digital patient assistant for use by a patient during administration of said medicinal tablets, said portable digital patient assistant being connectable to said pharmacy computer system, and including a memory and an RFID reader capable of detecting the signals emitted by the respective RFID tags so that upon use of said medicinal tablets, said RFID reader detects the RFID tags and said portable digital patient assistant stores said particular container and tablet identification numbers in said memory.

77. The system according to claim 76 wherein from a remote location, said portable digital patient assistant is periodically linked to said pharmacy computer system to update same with patient information regarding said patient'"'"'s use of medication.

78. The system according to claim 76 further including a doctor office computer system that is capable of being remotely accessed said portable digital patient assistant.

79. The system according to claim 78 wherein from a remote location, said portable digital patient assistant is periodically linked to said doctor office computer system to update same with patient information regarding said patient'"'"'s use of medication.

80. A method of creating a medical history for an individual, said method comprising the steps of:

obtaining a portable patient assistant device at the time of birth of an individual, said portable patient assistant device including a memory;

storing in said memory of said portable patient assistant device personal information and medical information relating to the birth of said individual to thereby create a birth record; and

ensuring that said portable patient assistant device accompanies said individual to each medical office visit after birth so that said birth record may be supplemented with updated medical information.

81. A system for preventing use of counterfeit tablet medications, said system comprising:

a portable digital patient assistant for use by a patient during administration of tablet-type medicinal drugs, said portable digital patient assistant including a memory, an RFID reader, and an output, said memory enabled to store a plurality of tablet identification numbers, said RFID reader capable of detecting signals emitted by respective RFID tags, and said output enabled to provide information to said patient regarding manufacturing aspects of said tablet-type medicinal drugs; and

a database stored in said memory, said database containing a plurality of tablet identification numbers each thereof associated with a respective RFID tablet tag included in each legitimately manufactured tablet provided in a container so that when said patient uses any respective tablet-type medicinal drug from said container, said RFID reader searches for a recognized tablet identification number and when so detected, said output of said portable digital patient assistant indicates that said respective tablet-type medicinal drug is authentic.

83. The system according to claim 81 wherein said portable digital patient assistant is connectable to a network so that said database may be updated with tablet identification numbers.

82. A system for preventing use of counterfeit tablet medications, said system comprising:

a portable digital patient assistant for use by a patient during administration of tablet-type medicinal drugs provided in a tablet container, said portable digital patient assistant including a memory, an RFID reader, and an output, said memory enabled to store a plurality of tablet container identification numbers, said RFID reader capable of detecting signals emitted by respective RFID tags associated with tablet containers, and said output enabled to provide information to said patient regarding manufacturing aspects of said tablet containers; and

a database stored in said memory, said database containing a plurality of tablet container identification numbers each thereof associated with a respective RFID tablet container tag included in each legitimately manufactured tablet container so that when said patient uses any respective tablet container, said RFID reader searches for a recognized tablet container identification number and when so detected, said output of said portable digital patient assistant indicates that said respective tablet container is authentic.

84. The system according to claim 82 wherein said portable digital patient assistant is connectable to a network so that said database may be updated with tablet container identification numbers.

85. A system for monitoring use of ingested medications, said system comprising:

a plurality of medicinal tablets stored in a container, each of said medicinal tablets including an RFID tablet tag that provides a corresponding respective tablet with a particular tablet identification number, each of said RFID tablet tags capable of emitting a signal including its respective tablet identification number; and

a portable RFID reader having an output, said RFID reader capable of detecting the signals emitted by the respective RFID tablet tags and providing an output indicating that the medicinal tablets are from a legitimate manufacture.

86. The system according to claim 85 wherein said portable RFID reader further includes a memory.

87. The system according to claim 86 wherein said portable RFID reader is connectable to a network so that said memory may be updated with tablet identification numbers.

88. A system for dispatching information during a medical emergency, said system comprising:

a portable digital patient assistant for use by a patient during an ambulance ride to a hospital emergency room, said portable digital patient assistant including a memory, a processor, an output, and a communications link, said memory including personal and medical information about the patient; and

an on-board patient monitoring system associated with the ambulance, said on-board patient monitoring system including a communications link compatible with said communications link of said portable digital patient assistant so that information may be transferred from said portable digital patient assistant to said on-board patient monitoring system.

89. The system according to claim 88 wherein said on-board patient monitoring system includes means for wirelessly connecting to remote networks so that information received from said portable digital patient assistant may be sent to a selected remote network for further processing.

90. The system according to claim 89 wherein said remote networks include a hospital administration office computer system, an ER computer system at the hospital, the patient'"'"'s doctor'"'"'s office computer, and the patient'"'"'s insurance company computer system.

91. The system according to claim 89 wherein said remote networks include the Internet so that during the ambulance ride, emails may be automatically sent to emergency contacts and/or loved-ones listed and stored in the patient'"'"'s portable digital patient assistant.