Thermoelectric methods to control temperature of batteries

• US 20080311466A1
• Filed: 02/06/2007
• Published: 12/18/2008
• Est. Priority Date: 12/18/2003
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: GM Global Technology Operations LLC (General Motors Company)
• Original Assignee: General Motors Corporation (Motors Liquidation Co. GUC Trust)
• Inventors: Yang, Jihui, Stabler, Francis R., Ledbetter, Kelly B., Scott, David S.
• Granted Patent: US 9,236,639 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 429/62
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/486 for measuring temperature
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/613 Cooling or keeping cold
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/615 Heating or keeping warm
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/633 characterised by algorithms, flow charts, software details or the like
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/6572 Peltier elements or thermoelectric devices
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/658 by thermal insulation or shielding
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

A method of controlling a temperature of a battery is disclosed. The method includes providing a thermoelectric device in thermally-conductive contact with the battery, measuring an actual temperature of the battery, comparing the actual temperature of the battery to a reference temperature for the battery, heating the battery by operation of the thermoelectric device when the actual temperature is less than the reference temperature and cooling the battery by operation of the thermoelectric device when the actual temperature exceeds the reference temperature.

Claims

1. A method of controlling a temperature of a battery, comprising:

providing a thermoelectric device in thermally-conductive contact with said battery;

measuring an actual temperature of said battery;

comparing said actual temperature to a reference temperature for said battery;

heating said battery by operation of said thermoelectric device when said actual temperature is less than said reference temperature; and

cooling said battery by operation of said thermoelectric device when said actual temperature exceeds said reference temperature.

2. The method of claim 1 further comprising retaining heat in said battery when said actual temperature is less than said reference temperature.

3. The method of claim 1 further comprising venting heat from said battery when said actual temperature exceeds said reference temperature.

4. The method of claim 1 further comprising retaining heat in said battery when said actual temperature is less than said reference temperature and venting heat from said battery when said actual temperature exceeds said reference temperature.

5. The method of claim 1 further comprising thermally insulating said battery from environmental heat.

6. The method of claim 1 further comprising dissipating heat from said thermoelectric device.

7. The method of claim 6 further comprising thermally insulating said battery from environmental heat, retaining heat in said battery when said actual temperature is less than said reference temperature and venting heat from said battery when said actual temperature exceeds said reference temperature.

8. The method of claim 1 wherein said comparing said actual temperature to a reference temperature for said battery comprises calculating a temperature difference by subtracting said reference temperature from said actual temperature and cooling said battery when said temperature difference is a positive value and heating said battery when said temperature difference is a negative value.

22. A method as set forth in claim 1 wherein the providing a thermoelectric device in thermally-conductive contact with said battery comprises thermally coupling a first surface of the thermoelectric device to a surface of the battery through a first air duct provided in a housing of the battery;

and thermally coupling a second surface of the thermoelectric device to the ambient atmosphere through a second duct.

9. A method of controlling a temperature of a battery, comprising:

providing a thermoelectric device in thermally-conductive contact with said battery;

thermally insulating said battery from environmental heat;

measuring an actual temperature of said battery;

establishing a reference temperature for said battery;

calculating a temperature difference by subtracting said reference temperature from said actual temperature;

heating said battery by operation of said thermoelectric device when said temperature difference is a negative value; and

cooling said battery by operation of said thermoelectric device when said temperature difference is a positive value.

10. The method of claim 9 further comprising retaining heat in said battery when said actual temperature is less than said reference temperature.

11. The method of claim 9 further comprising venting heat from said battery when said actual temperature exceeds said reference temperature.

12. The method of claim 9 further comprising dissipating heat from said thermoelectric device.

23. A method as set forth in claim 9 wherein the providing a thermoelectric device in thermally-conductive contact with said battery comprises thermally coupling a first surface of said thermoelectric device to a surface of the battery through a first air duct formed in a housing of the battery;

and thermally coupling a second surface of the thermoelectric device to the ambient atmosphere through a second air duct formed in the housing.

13. A thermoelectric battery control system for thermal control of a battery, comprising:

a thermoelectric device for placement in thermal contact with the battery; and

a controller operably connected to said thermoelectric device, said controller comprising a capability for comparing an actual temperature of the battery with a reference temperature for the battery and facilitating heating of the battery using said thermoelectric device when said actual temperature is less than said reference temperature and cooling of the battery using said thermoelectric device when said actual temperature exceeds said reference temperature.

14. The system of claim 13 wherein said controller comprises a temperature sensor for sensing said actual temperature of the battery.

15. The system of claim 14 wherein said controller further comprises a comparator operably connected to said temperature sensor for receiving an actual temperature transmission signal from said temperature sensor and comparing said actual temperature to said reference temperature.

16. The system of claim 15 further comprising an actuator operably connected to said comparator and said thermoelectric device for receiving a comparator output signal from said comparator and actuating said thermoelectric device.

24. A battery as set forth in claim 13 further comprising a heat exchanger having a first air duct with a first air flow that is configured to thermally couple a first surface of the thermoelectric device to the ambient atmosphere and a second air duct with a second air flow that is configured to thermally couple a second surface of the thermoelectric device to the battery.

17. A thermoelectric battery control system for thermal control of a battery, comprising:

a thermoelectric device for placement in thermal contact with the battery; and

a controller operably connected to said thermoelectric device for actuating said thermoelectric device to heat the battery when an actual temperature of the battery is less than a reference temperature for the battery and actuating said thermoelectric device to cool the battery when said actual temperature exceeds said reference temperature.

18. The system of claim 17 further comprising a plurality of cooling fins provided in thermally-conductive contact with said thermoelectric device for dissipating heat from said thermoelectric device.

19. The system of claim 17 further comprising a thermal enclosure engaging said thermoelectric device for containing the battery and thermally isolating the battery from environmental heat.

20. The system of claim 19 further comprising at least one vent provided in said thermal enclosure for dissipating heat from the battery.

21. The system of claim 17 further comprising a plurality of heat-conductive strips provided in said thermal enclosure for engaging the battery.

25. A thermoelectric battery control system as set forth in claim 17 further comprising a heat exchanger having a first air duct with a first air flow that is configured to thermally couple a first surface of the thermoelectric device to the ambient atmosphere and a second air duct with a second air flow that is configured to thermally couple a second surface of the thermoelectric device to the battery.