Apparatus and Method for Reducing Interference
First Claim
1. An electronic apparatus for reducing interference in a desired signal, the apparatus comprising:
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(a) a plurality of measurement signal lines, each connected to a respective measurement signal electrode; and
(b) one or more reference signal lines, each connected to a respective one or more reference electrodes;
each of said measurement signal lines or a respective group of said measurement signal lines being associated by being in close physical proximity with a respective one of said reference signal lines for a substantial part of their lengths, so that each measurement signal line or signal line group with its corresponding reference signal line forms a measurement signal line or measurement signal line group/reference signal line pair, said electronic apparatus further comprising subtraction means for subtracting an interference signal on each reference signal line from an interference signal on the associated measurement signal line or from each measurement signal line in the measurement signal line group in that measurement signal line or measurement signal line group/reference signal line pair;
wherein at least one of the measurement signal electrodes is arranged to be in direct electrical connection with a subject and at least one of the reference signal electrodes is arranged to be in close physical proximity but not in direct electrical contact with the subject.
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Accused Products
Abstract
An electronic apparatus for reducing interference in a desired signal, the apparatus comprising: (a) a plurality of measurement signal lines, each connected to a respective measurement signal electrode; and (b) one or more reference signal lines, each connected to respective one or more reference electrodes; each of said measurement signal lines or a respective group of said measurement signal lines being associated by being in close physical proximity with a respective one of said reference signal lines for a substantial part of their lengths, so that each measurement signal line or signal line group with its corresponding reference signal line forms a measurement signal line or measurement signal line group/reference signal line pair, said electronic apparatus further comprising subtraction means for subtracting an interference on each reference signal line from an interference signal on the associated measurement signal line or from each measurement signal line in the measurement signal line group in that measurement signal line or measurement signal line group/reference signal line pair, wherein at least one of the measurement signal electrodes is arranged to be in direct electrical connection with a subject and at least one of the reference signal electrodes is arranged to be in close physical proximity but not in direct electrical contact with the subject.
75 Citations
62 Claims
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1. An electronic apparatus for reducing interference in a desired signal, the apparatus comprising:
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(a) a plurality of measurement signal lines, each connected to a respective measurement signal electrode; and (b) one or more reference signal lines, each connected to a respective one or more reference electrodes; each of said measurement signal lines or a respective group of said measurement signal lines being associated by being in close physical proximity with a respective one of said reference signal lines for a substantial part of their lengths, so that each measurement signal line or signal line group with its corresponding reference signal line forms a measurement signal line or measurement signal line group/reference signal line pair, said electronic apparatus further comprising subtraction means for subtracting an interference signal on each reference signal line from an interference signal on the associated measurement signal line or from each measurement signal line in the measurement signal line group in that measurement signal line or measurement signal line group/reference signal line pair; wherein at least one of the measurement signal electrodes is arranged to be in direct electrical connection with a subject and at least one of the reference signal electrodes is arranged to be in close physical proximity but not in direct electrical contact with the subject. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39)
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40. A method of reducing interference from a desired signal, the method comprising
(a) providing a plurality of measurement signal lines, each carrying a desired signal and an interference signal; -
(b) providing one or more reference signal lines, each carrying at least an interference signal, each measurement signal line or a respective group of measurement signal lines being associated by being in close physical proximity for a substantial part of its length with a respective reference signal line to provide respective measurement signal line or measurement signal line group/reference signal line pairs; and (c) performing a subtraction step of subtracting the interference signal on each respective reference signal line from the interference signal on the associated measurement signal line or from each measurement signal line in the measurement signal line group of its measurement signal line or measurement signal line group/reference line pair; wherein at least one of the measurement signal electrodes is arranged to be in direct electrical connection with a subject and at least one of the reference signal electrodes is arranged to be in close physical proximity but not in direct electrical contact with the subject. - View Dependent Claims (42)
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41. A method of reducing interference from a desired signal, the method comprising
(a) providing a signal line carrying a desired signal and an interference signal; -
(b) providing a reference line carrying at least an interference signal, said signal line and reference line being associated by being in close physical proximity for a substantial part of their lengths; and (c) a subtraction step of subtracting the interference signal on the reference line from the interference signal on the signal line.
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43. An electronic apparatus for reducing interference in a desired signal, the apparatus comprising
(a) a signal line connected to a signal electrode; - and
(b) a reference line connected to a reference electrode; said signal line and reference line being associated by being in close physical proximity for a substantial part of their lengths, said electronic apparatus further comprising subtraction means for subtracting an interference signal on the reference line from an interference signal on the signal line thereby to enhance a desired signal on the signal line.
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44. An electronic apparatus for reducing interference in a signal derived from an EPM the apparatus comprising
(a) a signal line connected to a signal electrode; -
(b) a reference line connected to a reference electrode; and (c) at least one ground line for said signal line and reference line, said ground line or lines being connected to at least one ground electrode or individually to respective ground electrodes; said electronic apparatus further comprising subtraction means for subtracting an interference signal on the reference line from a signal on the signal line.
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45. An electronic apparatus for reducing interference in a desired signal, the apparatus comprising:
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(a) a plurality of signal lines, each connected to a respective signal electrode; and (b) one or more reference lines connected to one or more reference electrodes; and
;(c) one or more ground lines connected to one or more ground electrodes; said electronic apparatus further comprising subtraction means for subtracting an interference signal on the or each reference line from an interference signal on the signal lines and/or subtracting an interference signal on the or each ground line from the interference signal on the signal lines.
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46. A method of reducing interference on a signal derived from an EPM, the method comprising
(a) providing a signal line carrying a desired signal and a first interference signal, said signal line being connected to a signal electrode; -
(b) providing a reference line carrying at least a second interference signal, said reference line being connected to a reference electrode; (c) providing a ground line for said signal line and reference line, said ground line or lines being connected to at least one ground electrode or individually to respective ground electrodes; and (d) a subtraction step of subtracting the second interference signal on the reference line from the first interference signal on the signal line.
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47. A method of reducing interference from a desired signal, the method comprising
(a) providing a plurality of signal lines, each carrying a desired signal and a first interference signal; -
(b) providing one or more reference lines carrying at least a second interference signal; (c) providing one or more ground lines; and (d) performing a subtraction step of subtracting the second interference signal from said first interference signal.
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48. An electronic apparatus for reducing interference in a desired signal, the apparatus comprising:
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(a) a plurality of measurement signal lines, each connected to a respective measurement signal electrode; and (b) one or more reference signal lines, each connected to a respective one or more reference electrodes; each of said measurement signal lines being associated by being in close physical proximity with a respective one or more of said reference signal lines for a substantial part of their lengths, so that each measurement signal line with its corresponding reference signal line forms a measurement signal line/reference signal line pair, said electronic apparatus further comprising subtraction means for subtracting an interference signal on each reference signal line or lines from an Interference signal on the associated measurement signal line in that measurement signal line/reference signal line pair; wherein at least one of the measurement signal electrodes is arranged to be in direct electrical connection with a subject and at least one of the reference signal electrodes is arranged to be in close physical proximity but not in direct electrical contact with the subject.
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49. A cap for supporting one or more electrodes for use in an electronic apparatus for reducing interference in a desired signal, the cap comprising:
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(a) a conductive layer; and (b) at least one measurement signal electrode positioned for contact with a subject;
at least one of the at least one measurement signal electrode or electrodes having associated therewith a reference electrode in electrical contact with the conductive layer but arranged so as not to be in use in direct electrical contact with the subject. - View Dependent Claims (50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62)
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Specification