Organic electrolytic solution and lithium battery employing the same

• US 20090011340A1
• Filed: 08/08/2008
• Published: 01/08/2009
• Est. Priority Date: 08/31/2002
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Samsung SDI Company Limited
• Original Assignee: Samsung SDI Company Limited
• Inventors: Lee, Hyo-sug, Lee, Doo-yeon
• Granted Patent: US 8,053,108 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 429/331
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/0525 Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/0567 characterised by the additives
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/0568 characterised by the solutes
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/0569 characterised by the solvents
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2300/004 Three solvents
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/131 Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/133 Electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/1391 of electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/1393 of electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 6/16 with organic electrolyte H01M6/18 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 6/166 by the solute
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

An organic electrolytic solution comprising a nonaqueous solvent and a lithium salt, wherein the organic electrolytic solution comprises a compound of Formula 1 and at least one selected from compounds of Formulas 2 through 5:

wherein R₁, a C1˜C10 alkoxy group,

wherein R₂ and R₃ are independently unsubstituted C1˜C5 alkyl group or C1˜C5 alkyl group substituted with halogen atom,

wherein n is an integer between 1 and 6.

Claims

1. An organic electrolytic solution comprising a nonaqueous solvent including a cyclic carbonate and a chain carbonate and a lithium salt, wherein the organic electrolytic solution comprises (i) a compound of Formula 1, (ii) a compound of Formula 5, and (iii) at least one selected from the group consisting of Formula 3 and Formula 4:

wherein R₁ a C₁ to C₁₀ alkoxy group,

wherein R₂ and R₃ are independently an unsubstituted C₁ to C₅ alkyl group or a C₁ to C₅ alkyl group substituted with halogen atom,

wherein n is an integer between 1 and 6.

2. The organic electrolytic solution of claim 1, wherein the chain carbonate solvent is at least one selected from the group consisting of dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, dimethoxyethane, diethoxyethane, and a C₃ to C₈ aliphatic ester.

3. The organic electrolytic solution of claim 1, wherein the cyclic carbonate solvent is at least one selected from the group consisting of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, and γ

-butyrolactone.

4. The organic electrolytic solution of claim 1, wherein the compound of Formula 4 is dimethyl vinylene carbonate.

5. The organic electrolytic solution of claim 1, wherein the compound of Formula 5 is fluorobenzene, difluorobenzene, trifluorobenzene, tetrafluorobenzene, pentafluorobenzene or hexafluorobenzene.

6. The organic electrolytic solution of claim 1, wherein the lithium salt is at least one selected from the group consisting of LiClO₄, LiCF₃SO₃, LiPF₆, LiN (CF₃SO₂), LiBF₄, LiC(CF₃SO₂)₃, and LiN(C₂F₅SO₂)₂, and the concentration of the lithium salt is about 0.5 to about 2 M.

8. The organic electrolytic solution of claim 1, comprising a compound of Formula 3.

9. The organic electrolytic solution of claim 1, comprising a compound of Formula 4.

10. The organic electrolytic solution of claim 1, wherein the cyclic carbonate is ethylene carbonate and the chain carbonate is dimethyl carbonate.

19. An organic electrolytic solution of claim 1, wherein the total amount of the compound of Formula 1, the compound of Formula 5, and at least one of the compound of Formula 3 and the compound of Formula 4 is 0.01 to 1.5 parts by weight to 100 parts by weight of the nonaqueous solvent.

20. An organic electrolytic solution of claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of the compound of Formula 1 to the compound of Formula 5 and at least one compound of Formula 3 and the compound of Formula 4 is 1:

1.5 to 1;

40.

7. A lithium battery comprising:

a cathode;

an anode; and

an organic electrolytic solution comprising a nonaqueous solvent including a cyclic carbonate and a chain carbonate and a lithium salt, wherein the organic electrolytic solution comprises (i) a compound of Formula 1, (ii) a compound of Formula 5, and at least one selected from the group consisting of Formula 3 and Formula 4;

wherein R₁ a C₁ to C₁₀ alkoxy group,

wherein R₂ and R₃ are independently an unsubstituted C₁ to C₅ alkyl group or a C₁ to C₅ alkyl group substituted with halogen atom,

wherein n is an integer between 1 and 6.

11. The lithium battery of claim 7, wherein the organic electrolytic solution comprises a compound of Formula 3.

12. The lithium battery of claim 7, wherein the organic electrolytic solution comprises a compound of Formula 4.

13. The lithium battery of claim 7, wherein the chain carbonate solvent is at least one selected from the group consisting of dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, dimethoxyethane, diethoxyethane, and a C₃ to C₈ aliphatic ester.

14. The lithium battery of claim 7, wherein the cyclic carbonate solvent is at least one selected from the group consisting of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, and γ

-butyrolactone.

15. The lithium battery of claim 7, wherein the compound of Formula 4 is dimethyl vinylene carbonate.

16. The lithium battery of claim 7, wherein the compound of Formula 5 is fluorobenzene, difluorobenzene, trifluorobenzene, tetrafluorobenzene, pentafluorobenzene or hexafluorobenzene.

17. The lithium battery of claim 7, wherein the lithium salt is at least one selected from the group consisting of LiClO₄, LiCF₃SO₃, LiPF₆, LiN(CF₃SO₂), LiBF₄, LiC(CF₃SO₂)₃, and LiN(C₂F₅SO₂)₂, and the concentration of the lithium salt is about 0.5 to about 2 M.

18. The lithium battery of claim 7, wherein the organic electrolytic solution comprises ethylene carbonate as the cyclic carbonate and dimethyl carbonate as the chain carbonate.

21. A lithium battery according to claim 7, wherein in the organic electrolytic solution to total amount of the compound of Formula 1, the compound of Formula 5, and at least one of the compound of Formula 3 and the compound of Formula 4 is 0.01 to 1.5 parts by weight to 100 parts by weight of the nonaqueous solvent.

22. A lithium battery according to claim 7, wherein the weight ratio within the organic electrolytic solution of the compound of Formula 1 to the compound of Formula 5 and at least one compound of Formula 3 and the compound of Formula 4 is 1:

1.5 to 1;

40.