SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR SECURE DOCUMENT PRINTING AND DETECTION

• US 20090042191A1
• Filed: 12/11/2007
• Published: 02/12/2009
• Est. Priority Date: 04/16/2003
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: APDN (B.V.I.) Inc. (Applied DNA Sciences Incorporated)
• Original Assignee: APDN (B.V.I.) Inc. (Applied DNA Sciences Incorporated)
• Inventors: Davis, John, Liang, Ming-Hwa, Hayward, James A.
• Granted Patent: US 8,415,164 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 435/6
• CPC Class Codes: C08K 5/09 Carboxylic acids; Metal salts thereof; Anhydrides thereof
• CPC Class Codes: C09D 11/03 characterised by features other than the chemical nature of the binder
• CPC Class Codes: C09D 11/38 characterised by non-macromolecular additives other than solvents, pigments or dyes
• CPC Class Codes: C12Q 1/6816 characterised by the detection means C12Q1/6804 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: C12Q 2563/185 Nucleic acid dedicated to use as a hidden marker/bar code, e.g. inclusion of nucleic acids to mark art objects or animals
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 436/14 Heterocyclic carbon compound [i.e. , O, S, N, Se, Te, as only ring hetero atom]
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 436/143333 Saccharide [e.g., DNA, etc.]
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 442/2508 Coating or impregnation absorbs chemical material other than water

Abstract

A method for authenticating and verifying an item to be genuine is described. The method for authenticating the item comprises applying a particular nucleic acid material associated with a particular sequence of nucleic acid bases to ink within an ink cartridge or a toner compound within a toner housing. The method also comprises collecting a sample of either the ink or toner compound and verifying the ink or toner is genuine by detecting the particular nucleic acid material.

Claims

1. An authentication method for authenticating an ink within an ink cartridge, said method comprising the steps of:

applying a particular nucleic acid material associated with a particular sequence of nucleic acid bases to the ink;

collecting a sample of the ink having the nucleic acid; and

verifying whether the ink is genuine by detecting said particular nucleic acid material.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein the particular nucleic acid material is deoxy-ribo nucleic acid (DNA).

3. The method of claim 1 wherein the particular nucleic acid material is ribonucleic acid (RNA).

4. The method of claim 1 further comprising detecting the particular nucleic acid by performing a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of the nucleic acid material.

6. The method of claim 1 wherein the particular nucleic acid material is deoxy-ribo nucleic acid (DNA).

7. The method of claim 1 wherein the particular nucleic acid material is ribonucleic acid (RNA).

8. The method of claim 1 further comprising detecting the particular nucleic acid by performing a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of the nucleic acid material.

5. An authentication method for authenticating a toner compound within a toner housing, said method comprising the steps of:

applying a particular nucleic acid material associated with a particular sequence of nucleic acid bases to the toner compound;

collecting a sample of the toner compound having the nucleic acid; and

verifying whether the toner compound is genuine by detecting said particular nucleic acid material.

9. The method for authenticating ink in an ink cartridge comprising the steps of;

providing an optical reporter marker, the optical reporter marker having at least one light emitting upconverting phosphor particle linked to at least one nucleic acid material, the nucleic acid material having an identifiable portion,

introducing the optical reporter marker to the ink of interest,

detecting the optical reporter marker associated with the ink with a light source,

obtaining a sample of the optical reporter marker from the ink of interest for analysis; and

analyzing the collected sample to detect the presence of the identifiable portion of the nucleic acid material linked to the upconverting phosphor particle.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein the optical reporter marker has the composition of the formula I:

(cOpR)-[L-(NA)]_m 

 

I

wherein;

m is an integer greater than 1;

(cOpR) is a coated optical reporter particle;

(NA) is a nucleic acid oligomer of the nucleic acid material of detectable sequence; and

L is a linking group covalently bound to the coated optical reporter particle and to the nucleic acid oligomer.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein (cOpR) comprises an upconverting phosphor (UCP) material.

12. The method of claim 10, wherein (NA) is a single or double stranded DNA molecule having a length of between about 40 base pairs and about 1000 base pairs.

13. The method of claim 10, wherein L comprises an alkylene moiety having a first end covalently bound to the coated optical reporter particle and a second end covalently bound to the nucleic acid oligomer.

14. The method of claim 11, wherein (UCP) is an upconverting phosphor particle of the formula:

Y_xYb_yEr_zO₂S;

or

Na(Y_xYb_yEr_z)F₄;

wherein;

x is from about 0.6 to about 0.95;

y is from about 0.05 to about 0.35; and

z is from about 0.1 to about 0.001.

15. The method of claim 10, wherein L is of the formula:

-A-R¹—

B—

wherein;

R¹ is C_2-8alkylene;

-A- is a group covalently bonded to the surface of the coated optical reporter; and

—

B—

is a group covalently bonded to the 3′

or 5′

end of the nucleic acid oligomer.

34. The composition of claim 31, wherein the composition is of the formula VI:

(UCP)-[O—

(CH₂)₃—

S—

CH₂—

C(O)—

NH—

(CH₂)₆-(DNA)]_m 

 

VI

wherein m, UCP and DNA are as recited in claim 15.

35. The composition of claim 31, wherein the composition is of the formula VII:

(UCP)-[O—

(CH₂)₃—

NH—

C(O)—

(CH₂)₃—

C(O)—

NH—

(CH₂)₆-(DNA)]_m 

 

VII

wherein m, UCP and DNA are as recited in claim 15.

16. A method for authenticating ink comprises the steps of;

providing an optical reporter marker, the optical reporter marker having at least one light emitting upconverting phosphor particle linked to at least one nucleic acid taggant, the nucleic acid taggant having an identifiable portion,

introducing the optical reporter marker to the ink,

detecting the optical reporter marker associated with the ink with a light source,

obtaining a sample of the optical reporter marker from the ink for analysis; and

analyzing the collected sample to detect the presence of the identifiable portion of the nucleic acid taggant linked to the upconverting phosphor particle.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein the optical reporter marker has the composition of the formula I:

(cOpR)-[L-(NA)]_m 

 

I

wherein;

m is an integer greater than 1;

(cOpR) is a coated optical reporter particle;

(NA) is a nucleic acid oligomer of detectable sequence; and

L is a linking group covalently bound to the coated optical reporter particle and to the nucleic acid oligomer.

18. The method of claim 17, wherein (cOpR) comprises an upconverting phosphor (UCP) material.

19. The method of claim 17, wherein (NA) is a single or double stranded DNA molecule having a length of between about 40 base pairs and about 1000 base pairs.

20. The method of claim 17, wherein L comprises an alkylene moiety having a first end covalently bound to the coated optical reporter particle and a second end covalently bound to the nucleic acid oligomer.

21. The method of claim 18, wherein (UCP) is an upconverting phosphor particle of the formula:

Y_xYb_yEr_zO₂S;

or

Na(Y_xYb_yEr_z)F₄;

wherein;

x is from about 0.6 to about 0.95;

y is from about 0.05 to about 0.35; and

z is from about 0.1 to about 0.001.

22. The method of claim 17, wherein L is of the formula:

-A-R¹—

B—

wherein;

R¹ is C_2-8alkylene;

-A- is a group covalently bonded to the surface of the coated optical reporter; and

—

B—

is a group covalently bonded to the 3′

or 5′

end of the nucleic acid oligomer.

23. The method of claim 22, wherein -A- is —

O—

.

24. The method of claim 22, wherein —

R¹—

is —

(CH₂)_n— and

wherein n is from 2 to 8.

25. The method of claim 22, wherein —

B—

is;

—

S—

;

—

O—

;

—

NR^a—

;

—

S—

(CH₂)_p—

;

—

O—

(CH₂)_p—

;

—

NR^a—

(CH₂)_p—

;

—

S—

(CH₂)_q—

C(O)—

NR^a—

(CH₂)_p—

;

—

O—

(CH₂)_q—

C(O)—

NR^a—

(CH₂)_p—

;

—

NR^a—

(CH₂)_q—

C(O)—

NR^a—

(CH₂)_p—

;

—

S—

C(O)—

(CH₂)_rC(O)—

NR^a—

(CH₂)_p—

;

—

O—

C(O)—

(CH₂)_r—

C(O)—

NR^a—

(CH₂)_p;

or

—

NR^a—

C(O)—

(CH₂)_r—

C(O)—

NR^a—

(CH₂)_p—

;

wherein;

p is from 2 to 8;

q is from 1 to 8;

r is from 2 to 8; and

each R^a is independently hydrogen or C_1-6alkyl;

26. The method of claim 22, wherein —

B—

is;

—

S—

(CH₂)_q—

C(O)—

NR^a—

(CH₂)_p or

—

NR^a—

C(O)—

(CH₂)_r—

C(O)—

NR^a—

(CH₂)_p—

;

wherein p, q, r and R^a are as recited in claim 9.

27. The method of claim 26, wherein:

p is from 2 to 6;

q is from 1 to 3; and

r is 2 or 3.

28. The method of claim 22, wherein —

B—

is;

—

S—

CH₂—

C(O)—

NH—

(CH₂)₆—

;

or

—

NH—

C(O)—

(CH₂)₃—

C(O)—

NH—

(CH₂)₆—

;

29. The method of claim 17, wherein the cOpR is coated with silica.

30. The method of claim 29, wherein the silica comprises at least one Si—

O bond.

31. The method of claim 16, wherein the optical reporter marker has the composition of the formula II:

(UCP)-[A-R¹—

X—

R²—

C(O)—

NR^a—

R³-(DNA)]_m 

 

II

wherein;

m is an integer greater than 1;

UCP is an upconverting phosphor particle;

DNA is a single or double stranded deoxyribonucleic acid oligomer;

-A- is a group capable of covalently bonding to the surface of the Upconverting phosphor particle;

R¹ is C_2-8alkylene,

R² is C_1-8alkylene or —

C(O)—

C_1-8alkylene-;

—

X—

is —

O—

, —

S—

or —

NR^a—

;

R³ is C_2-8alkylene; and

R^a is hydrogen or C_1-6alkyl.

32. The composition of claim 31, wherein the composition is of the formula IV:

(UCP)-[O—

(CH₂)_s—

S—

(CH₂)_t—

C(O)—

NH—

(CH₂)_v-(DNA)]_m 

 

IV

wherein;

is from 2 to 6;

v is from 2 to 6;

t is from 1 to 3; and

m, UCP and DNA are as recited in claim 30.

33. The composition of claim 31, wherein the composition is of the formula V:

(UCP)-[O—

(CH₂)_s—

NH—

C(O)—

(CH₂)_u—

C(O)—

NH—

(CH₂)_v-(DNA)]_m 

 

V

wherein;

s is from 2 to 6;

v is from 2 to 6;

u is 2 or 3; and

m, UCP and DNA are as recited in claim 30.

36. The composition of claim 17, wherein the cOpR comprises a visually detectable light emitting material selected from the group consisting of a fluorescent dye, a upconverting phosphor, a ceramic powder, or a quantum dot.

37. The composition of claim 36, where said light emitting materials are excitable by UV or an infrared light source.

38. The method of claim 17, wherein the cOpR comprises at least one electromagnetic emitting material.

39. The composition of claim 38, where the electromagnetic emitting material is detectable by devices which provide sources selected from the group consisting of an infrared radiation source, magnetic field source, a quantum dot or electromagnetic pulse.

40. The method of claim 16, wherein detecting the nucleic acid taggant comprises polymerase chain reaction analysis.

41. The method of claim 16, wherein the nucleic acid taggant is ds DNA.

42. The method of claim 16, wherein said associating the optical reporter marker with the ink further comprises a database management system that associates the specific optical reporter marker with said article of interest.

43. A method for authenticating a ink, comprising:

providing a optical reporter marker having at least one nucleic acid taggant;

applying the marker compound to at least one ink, which enters at least one supply chain;

locating and collecting a sample of the optical reporter marker from said ink after said ink has entered said supply chain; and

identifying said nucleic acid product in said ink.

44. A kit for authenticating ink comprising:

a container of optical reporter marker; and

an applicator for applying a sample of the optical reporter to the ink.