Synchronizing Timeslots in a Wireless Communication Protocol

• US 20090052429A1
• Filed: 04/10/2008
• Published: 02/26/2009
• Est. Priority Date: 04/13/2007
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: FieldComm Group, Inc.
• Original Assignee: Hart Communication Foundation (FieldComm Group, Inc.)
• Inventors: Nixon, Mark J., Zats, Yuri, Rotvold, Eric D., Pratt, Wallace A. JR., Pramanik, Robin S., Lennvall, Tomas P.
• Granted Patent: US 8,660,108 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 370/350
• CPC Class Codes: G01D 21/00 Measuring or testing not otherwise provided for
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 24/00 Supervisory, monitoring or testing arrangements
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 56/0015 one node acting as a reference for the others
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 56/002 Mutual synchronization
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 80/00 Wireless network protocols or protocol adaptations to wireless operation

Abstract

A method for synchronizing communications in wireless mesh network operating in a process control environment and including a plurality of network devices includes defining a communication timeslot of a predetermined duration, wherein each of the plurality of network devices transmits or receives data only within the communication timeslot generating a network schedule including at least one superframe having repeating superframe cycles each having a number of communication timeslots sequentially numbered relative to a beginning of each cycle, the number of communication timeslots defining a length of the at least one superframe, maintaining an absolute slot number indicative of a number of communication timeslots scheduled since a start time of the wireless network, synchronizing each of the plurality of network devices with respect to a timing of an individual communication timeslot, and synchronizing each of the plurality of network devices with the network schedule based on the absolute slot number.

Claims

1. A method for synchronizing communications in wireless mesh network operating in a process control environment and including a plurality of network devices, comprising:

defining a communication timeslot of a predetermined duration, wherein each of the plurality of network devices transmits or receives data only within the communication timeslot;

generating a network schedule including at least one superframe having repeating superframe cycles each having a number of communication timeslots sequentially numbered relative to a beginning of each cycle, the number of communication timeslots defining a length of the at least one superframe;

maintaining an absolute slot number indicative of a number of communication timeslots scheduled since a start time of the wireless network;

synchronizing each of the plurality of network devices with respect to a timing of an individual communication timeslot; and

synchronizing each of the plurality of network devices with the network schedule based on the absolute slot number.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein synchronizing each of the plurality of network devices with the network schedule includes transmitting the absolute slot number in each network layer protocol data unit.

3. The method of claim 1, synchronizing each of the plurality of network devices with respect to a timing of an individual communication timeslot includes:

synchronizing each of the plurality of network devices with respect to a communication timeslot timing to calculate a start time of a next scheduled communication timeslot, including;

calculating, at each of the plurality of network devices, an expected time of arrival of a data packet;

receiving the data packet at an actual time of arrival;

calculating the difference between the expected time of arrival and the actual time of arrival; and

calculating a corrected start time of a next scheduled communication timeslot based on the calculated difference.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein adjusting a synchronization of the network device includes sending the calculated difference between the expected time of arrival and the actual time of arrival in an acknowledgement packet to a neighbor network device, wherein the acknowledgement packet is associated with a data link protocol layer.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein synchronizing each of the plurality of network devices with the network schedule includes transmitting a portion of the absolute slot number in each network layer protocol data unit, wherein the portion of the absolute slot number includes several least significant bits of the absolute slot number.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein generating a network schedule further includes creating a plurality of concurrent superframes, each superframe having a different length;

wherein each of the plurality of network devices communicates in at least one of plurality of concurrent superframes; and

wherein

synchronizing each of the plurality of network devices with the network schedule includes obtaining a relative slot number in at least one of the plurality of superframes associated with the network device.

7. The method of claim 4, wherein synchronizing each of the plurality of network devices with the network schedule includes applying a formula

relative slot number=ASN % superframe length;

wherein

relative slot number is the relative slot number in the at least one of the plurality of superframes associated with the network device,

ASN is the absolute slot number,

% is a modulo division operation, and

superframe length is the length of the at least one of the plurality of superframes associated with the network device.

8. The method of claim 1, further comprising synchronizing a joining device attempting to join the wireless mesh network based on the ASN value, including:

transmitting an advertisement message from at least one of the plurality of network devices;

including the absolute slot number in the advertisement message;

receiving the advertisement message at the joining device; and

calculating a relative slot number within the at least one superframe of the network schedule based on the absolute slot number at the joining device.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein maintaining the absolute slot number includes independently maintaining a copy of the absolute slot number at each of the plurality of network devices.

10. The method of claim 7, wherein maintaining the absolute slot number further includes maintaining a global absolute slot number at a network manager responsible for generating the network schedule.

11. The method of claim 1, wherein the wireless mesh network includes a plurality of multi-hop communication paths connecting pairs of the plurality of network devices;

and wherein synchronizing each of the plurality of network devices with the network schedule includes transmitting the absolute slot number along at least two distinct paths, wherein the two distinct paths differ in at least one hop.

13. The method of claim 10, wherein maintaining an absolute slot number counter includes:

setting an absolute slot number to zero at a formation of the wireless mesh network; and

incrementing the absolute slot number by one with each occurrence of a new communication timeslot;

14. The method of claim 10, wherein maintaining the absolute slot number counter includes maintaining a global absolute slot number at a network manager responsible for scheduling communications in the wireless mesh network;

and wherein synchronizing communications between the plurality of network devices based on the absolute slot number includes;

propagating the absolute slot number to each of the plurality of network devices; and

updating a copy of the absolute number at each of the plurality of network devices to match the global absolute slot number.

16. The method of claim 10, wherein at least some of the plurality of network devices are field devices performing a process control function;

and wherein synchronizing communications between the plurality of network devices includes;

transmitting an update from one of the field devices according to a scheduled update rate of the field devices;

transitioning the field device in a sleep mode, wherein the field device does not receive or transmit data in the sleep mode;

transitioning the field device from the sleep mode immediately prior to a next scheduled update; and

synchronizing the field device with the wireless mesh network, including;

matching a value of the absolute slot number stored at the field device with a value maintained by the wireless mesh network; and

calculating a time during which the field device is scheduled to transmit data based on the matched absolute slot number and the update rate of the field device.

12. A method for synchronizing communications in wireless mesh network operating in a process control environment and including a plurality of network devices, comprising:

defining a communication timeslot of a predetermined duration for transmitting or receiving data at least one of the plurality of network devices;

continuously scheduling non-overlapping adjacent communication timeslots during operation of the wireless mesh network;

maintaining an absolute slot number counter indicative of a number of communication timeslots of a predetermined duration scheduled since a formation of the wireless communication network;

synchronizing communications between the plurality of network devices based on the absolute slot number.

15. The method of claim 12, wherein the network manager resides in a gateway device connecting the wireless mesh network to a plant automation network;

and wherein propagating the absolute slot number to each of the plurality of network devices includes propagating the absolute slot number from the gateway device.

18. The wireless mesh network of claim 15, further comprising:

a plurality of direct wireless connections between pairs of the plurality of wireless field devices;

a plurality of graphs each including at least one of the plurality of direct wireless connections and connecting a pair of the plurality of wireless field devices;

wherein

the wireless mesh network propagates the a value of the absolute slot number to each of the plurality of wireless field devices along at least two of plurality of graphs.

19. The wireless network of claim 15, further comprising a gateway device that operatively couples the wireless mesh network to an outside network and wherein the gateway device maintains the absolute slot number counter.

17. A wireless mesh network operating in a process control environment, comprising:

an absolute slot number counter that stores a number of communication timeslots of a predefined duration scheduled since a formation of the wireless mesh network;

a plurality of wireless field devices, each communicating with at least another one of the plurality of field devices according to a device specific schedule and including;

a memory unit storing a definition of an update superframe associated with the field device, wherein the update superframe includes a repeating sequence of superframe cycles, each cycle having a number of communication timeslots sequentially numbered relative to a beginning of each cycle; and

a processing unit that calculates a relative timeslot within the update superframe based on the absolute slot number; and

a network manager that maintains each device specific schedule of each of the plurality of wireless field devices.

20. The wireless network of claim 17, wherein the network manager is a software entity running in the gateway device.

21. A method for synchronizing communications in wireless mesh network operating in a process control environment and including a plurality of network devices, comprising:

defining a communication timeslot of a predetermined duration, wherein each of the plurality of network devices transmits or receives data only within the communication timeslot;

generating a network schedule including at least one superframe having repeating superframe cycles each having a number of communication timeslots sequentially numbered relative to a beginning of each cycle, the number of communication timeslots defining a length of the at least one superframe;

maintaining an absolute slot number indicative of a number of communication timeslots scheduled since a start time of the wireless network; and

synchronizing each of the plurality of network devices with the network schedule based on the absolute slot number.

24. The method of claim 21, further comprising:

designating a third one of the plurality of network devices as a timeslot synchronization source of the first one of the plurality of network devices to form a synchronization chain including the first one of the plurality of network devices, the second one of the plurality of network devices, and the third one of the plurality of network devices.

25. The method of claim 24, wherein forming a synchronization chain includes:

associating a subset of the plurality of network devices with the synchronization chain; and

preventing a first one in the subset of the plurality of network devices from serving as a timeslot synchronization source of another one of the subset of the plurality of network devices if the other one of the subset of the plurality of network devices is one of a direct or an indirect synchronization source of the first one in the subset of the plurality of network devices.

26. The method of claim 24, wherein the wireless mesh network includes a gateway device connecting the wireless mesh network to an external network;

and wherein forming a synchronization chain includes associating the gateway device with a synchronization source of each of the plurality of network devices.

22. A method for synchronizing communications in wireless mesh network operating in a process control environment and including a plurality of network devices, comprising:

defining a communication timeslot of a predetermined duration, wherein each of the plurality of network devices transmits or receives data only within one of a plurality of scheduled communication timeslots;

designating a first one of the plurality of network devices as a timeslot synchronization source of a second one of the plurality of network devices;

sending a first data packet from the first one of the plurality of network devices to the second one of the plurality of network devices, including;

sending a time adjustment value in the first data packet; and

adjusting a timeslot synchronization at the second one of the plurality of network devices.

23. The method of claim 22, wherein the first data packet is an acknowledgement data packet;

and wherein sending a time adjustment value in the first data packet includes;

calculating an expected time of arrival of a non-acknowledgement data packet at the first one of the plurality of network devices, wherein the acknowledgement data packet is sent in response to the non-acknowledgement data packet;

detecting an actual time of arrival of the non-acknowledgement data packet;

calculating a difference between the expected time of arrival and the actual time of arrival.