Buck-boost switching regulator

• US 20090066301A1
• Filed: 09/07/2007
• Published: 03/12/2009
• Est. Priority Date: 09/07/2007
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Panasonic Semiconductor Solutions Co., Ltd. (Winbond Electronics Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Matsushita Electric Industrial Company Limited (Panasonic Holdings Corporation)
• Inventors: Ryu, Takashi, Yamamoto, Tamotsu, Oswald, Richard
• Granted Patent: US 7,737,668 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 323/271
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/1582 Buck-boost converters H02M3/1584 takes precedence

Abstract

A buck-boost switching regulator which includes a first switch, a first diode, an inductor, a second switch, a second diode, and a controller for controlling the first switch and the second switch, the controller being configured to receive a current signal indicative of a inductor current flowing in the inductor, and generating a signal indicative of an average current flowing in the inductor, the average current being utilized to control the first switch and the second switch, wherein the controller includes a first compensator circuit for outputting a voltage error signal, a second compensator circuit for outputting a current error signal and a modulator circuit to output a first control signal to control the first switch and a second control switch to control the second switch.

Claims

1. A switching regulator, comprising:

an input terminal configured to receive an input voltage V_IN;

an output terminal configured to output an output voltage V_OUT;

a common line;

a first switch having a first terminal connected to said input terminal and a second terminal;

a first diode having a cathode connected to said second terminal of said first switch and an anode connected to said common line;

an inductor having a first terminal connected to said second terminal of said first switch and said cathode of said first diode and a second terminal;

a second switch having a first terminal connected to said second terminal of said inductor and a second terminal connected to said common line;

a second diode having an anode connected to said second terminal of said inductor and said first terminal of said second switch and a cathode connected to said output terminal; and

a controller for controlling said first switch and said second switch, said controller being configured to receive a current signal indicative of an inductor current flowing in said inductor, and generating a signal indicative of an average current flowing in said inductor, said average current being utilized to control said first switch and said second switch.

2. The switching regulator of claim 1, wherein said controller is configured to control a first duty ratio D1 of said first switch and a second duty ratio D2 of said second switch in order to generate said V_OUT which has a desired, predetermined value, and wherein V_OUT≈

V_IN×

D1 in a buck mode operation and V_OUT ≈

V_IN×

[1/(1−

D2)] in a boost mode operation.

3. The switching regulator of claim 1, wherein said controller comprises a first compensator circuit configured to receive a first reference voltage and a proportional output voltage indicative of said output voltage V_OUT and to output a first compensator error signal.

4. The switching regulator of claim 3, wherein said first compensator circuit comprises:

a first differential input transconductance amplifier having a first input configured to receive said proportional output voltage, a second input configured to receive said first reference voltage, a first output and a second output; and

a first compensator network connected to said first output of said first differential input transconductance amplifier for creating said first compensator error signal.

5. The switching regulator of claim 1, wherein said controller comprises a second compensator circuit configured to receive said current signal indicative of an inductor current flowing in said inductor and a second reference voltage and to output a second compensator error signal.

6. The switching regulator of claim 5, wherein said second compensator circuit comprises:

a second differential input transconductance amplifier having a first input configured to receive said second reference voltage, a second input configured to receive a sum of said current signal indicative of said average inductor current and a current proportional to said first compensator error signal, a first output connected to said second input and a second output configured to output an output current; and

a second compensator network connected to said second output of said second differential input transconductance amplifier for creating said second compensator error signal.

7. The switching regulator of claim 1, wherein said controller comprises a modulator circuit configured to receive said input voltage V_IN and an error signal and to output a first control signal to control said first switch and a second control signal to control said second switch.

8. The switching regulator of claim 7, wherein said modulator circuit comprises:

a voltage converter for converting said input voltage V_IN to a proportional voltage V_M=k₁×

V_IN where k₁ is a constant;

a level shift and scale block configured to convert said error signal and said proportional voltage V_M into a first error signal E₁ and a second error signal E₂;

a clock generator configured to generate a clock signal; and

a comparator block configured to compare said first error signal E₁ with said clock signal for outputting said first control signal and to compare said second error signal E₂ with said clock signal for outputting said second control signal.

9. The switching regulator of claim 8, wherein said clock signal is a triangular signal having a peak value V_P, a valley value V_V and a slope, and at least one of said V_P, V_V and slope is proportional to said input voltage V_IN.

10. The switching regulator of claim 1, wherein said output voltage V_OUT is adjustable by an external voltage having value V_ADJ.

11. The switching regulator of claim 10, further comprises:

a first impedance having a first terminal connected to said output terminal and a second terminal;

a second impedance having a first terminal connected to said second terminal of said first impedance and a second terminal connected to said common line; and

a third impedance having a first terminal connected to said second terminal of said first impedance and said first terminal of said second impedance and a second terminal connected to said external voltage having value V_ADJ.

12. The switching regulator of claim 1, further comprising a current selector configured to select either a current flowing in said first switch or a current flowing in said second diode and to output a selected signal indicative of said selected current as a current signal indicative of said inductor current flowing in said inductor.

13. The switching regulator of claim 12, wherein said current selector is controlled by said controller.

14. The switching regulator of claim 1, wherein at least one of said first or second diode is an active diode and is controllable by said controller.

15. The switching regulator of claim 14, wherein said active diode comprises:

a NMOS transistor having a source terminal, a drain terminal, a gate terminal and a back gate terminal, said source terminal being connected to said back gate terminal, said source terminal constituting an anode terminal of said active diode, and said drain terminal constituting a cathode terminal of said active diode;

an offset bias voltage source having a first terminal and a second terminal; and

an amplifier having a non-inverting input terminal and an inverting input terminal, and an output terminal, said inverting input terminal being connected to said drain terminal of said NMOS transistor, said non-inverting input terminal being connected to said first terminal of said offset bias source, and said output terminal being connected to said gate terminal of said NMOS transistor,

wherein said second terminal of said offset bias source is connected to said source terminal of said NMOS transistor.

16. The switching regulator of claim 14, wherein said active diode comprises:

a PMOS transistor having a source terminal, a drain terminal, a gate terminal and a back gate terminal, said source terminal being connected to said back gate terminal;

said source terminal constituting a cathode terminal of said active diode, and said drain terminal constituting an anode terminal of said active diode;

an offset bias voltage source having a first terminal and a second terminal; and

an amplifier having a non-inverting input terminal and an inverting input terminal, and an output terminal, said non-inverting input terminal being connected to said source terminal of said PMOS transistor, said inverting input terminal being connected to said first terminal of said offset bias source, and said output terminal being connected to said gate terminal of said PMOS transistor,

wherein said second terminal of said offset bias source is connected to said drain terminal of said PMOS transistor.

17. The switching regulator of claim 14, wherein said active diode comprises:

a transistor having a first terminal, a second terminal and a control terminal;

an amplifier having a non-inverting input terminal and an inverting input terminal, and an output terminal, said non-inverting input terminal being connected to said first terminal of said transistor via an offset bias source, said inverting input terminal being connected to said second terminal of said transistor;

a summer circuit having a first input for receiving a control signal from said controller, a second input for receiving an output signal from said amplifier and an output; and

a driver circuit having an input for receiving said output of said summer circuit, and an output coupled to said control terminal of said transistor, said driver circuit operable for controlling operation of said transistor based on said output of said summer circuit.

18. The switching regulator of claim 14, wherein said controller further comprises a mode control circuit configured to control said active diode.

19. The switching regulator of claim 18, wherein said mode control circuit comprises:

a first window comparator configured to compare a difference between a divided output voltage proportional to said output voltage V_OUT and a first reference voltage with a first threshold voltage and to output a first compared signal;

a second window comparator configured to compare a signal indicative of a difference between said divided output voltage and said first reference voltage with a second threshold voltage and to output a second compared signal; and

a latch having a set input and a reset input, said latch being configured to receive said first compared signal at said set input and said second compared signal at said reset input, and to output a mode signal.

20. The switching regulator of claim 19, further comprising a first compensator circuit, wherein said first compensator circuit comprises:

a first differential input transconductance amplifier having a first input configured to receive said divided output voltage, a second input configured to receive said first reference voltage, a first output and a second output; and

a first compensator network connected to said first output of said first differential input transconductance amplifier for creating a first compensator error signal,

wherein said signal indicative of a difference between said divided output voltage and said first reference voltage is a signal output from said second output of said first differential input transconductance amplifier.

21. The switching regulator of claim 1, wherein said controller comprises:

a first compensator circuit configured to receive a first reference voltage and a proportional output voltage indicative of said output voltage V_OUT and to output a first compensator error signal;

a second compensator circuit configured to receive a sum of said current signal indicative of an inductor current flowing in said inductor and said first compensator error signal and to output a second compensator error signal; and

a modulator circuit configured to receive said input voltage V_IN and said second compensator error signal and to output a first control signal to control said first switch and a second control signal to control said second switch.

22. The switching regulator of claim 21, wherein said first compensator circuit comprises:

a first differential input transconductance amplifier having a first input configured to receive said proportional output voltage, a second input configured to receive said first reference voltage, a first output and a second output; and

a first compensator network connected to said first output of said first differential input transconductance amplifier for creating said first compensator error signal.

23. The switching regulator of claim 21, wherein said second compensator circuit comprises:

a second differential input transconductance amplifier having a first input configured to receive a second reference voltage, a second input configured to receive a sum of said current signal indicative of said inductor current and a current proportional to said first compensator error signal, a first output connected to said second input and a second output configured to output a current; and

a second compensator network connected to said second output of said second differential input transconductance amplifier for creating said second compensator error signal.

24. The switching regulator of claim 21, wherein said modulator circuit comprises:

a level shift and scale block configured to convert said second compensator error signal and said input voltage V_IN into a first error signal E₁ and a second error signal E₂;

a clock generator configured to generate a clock signal; and

a comparator block configured to compare said first error signal E₁ with said clock signal for outputting said first control signal and to compare said second error signal E₂ with said clock signal for outputting said second control signal.

25. The switching regulator of claim 24, wherein said clock signal is a triangular signal having a peak value V_P, a valley value V_V and a slope, and at least one of said V_P, V_V and slope is proportional to said input voltage V_IN while frequency of the triangular signal is constant.

26. The switching regulator of claim 21, further comprising a mode control circuit configured to control at least one of said first diode or said second diode,

wherein said mode control circuit comprises:

a first window comparator configured to compare a difference between said divided output voltage proportional to said output voltage V_OUT and said first reference voltage with a first threshold voltage and to output a first compared signal;

a second window comparator configured to compare a signal indicative of a difference between said divided output voltage and said first reference voltage with a second threshold voltage and to output a second compared signal; and

a latch having a set input and a reset input, said latch being configured to receive said first compared signal at said set input and said second compared signal at said reset input, and to output a mode signal.

27. The switching regulator of claim 22, further comprising a mode control circuit configured to control at least one of said first diode or said second diode,

wherein said mode control circuit comprises:

a first window comparator configured to compare a difference between said proportional output voltage and said first reference voltage with a first threshold voltage and to output a first compared signal;

a second window comparator configured to compare a signal output from said second output of said first differential input transconductance amplifier with a second threshold voltage and to output a second compared signal; and

a latch having a set input and a reset input, said latch being configured to receive said first compared signal at said set input and said second compared signal at said reset input, and to output a mode signal.

28. A method of regulating an output voltage in a circuit having an inductor, first switch and a second switch, comprising:

comparing a proportional output voltage indicative of said output voltage with a first reference voltage for outputting a first compensator error signal;

comparing a signal indicative of a current flowing in said inductor with a second reference voltage for outputting a second compensator error signal;

converting said second compensator error signal into a first error signal E₁ and a second error signal E₂; and

comparing said first error signal E₁ with a clock signal for outputting a first control signal to control said first switch and comparing said second error signal E₂ with said clock signal for outputting a second control signal to control said second switch.

29. The method of claim 28, wherein said comparing a signal includes comparing a signal indicative of a sum of said signal indicative of a current flowing in said inductor and said first compensator error signal with said second reference voltage.