NANOPOROUS/MESOPOROUS PALLADIUM CATALYST

• US 20090075139A1
• Filed: 01/05/2005
• Published: 03/19/2009
• Est. Priority Date: 01/06/2004
• Status: Abandoned Application

• Current Assignee: IC Innovations Limited
• Original Assignee: IC Innovations Limited
• Inventors: Jiang, Junhua, Kucernak, Anthony
• Application Number:
  US10/585,015
• Publication Number:
  US 20090075139A1
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 429/532
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/8605 Porous electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/881 Electrolytic membranes
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/92 Metals of platinum group H01M4/94 , H01M4/9058 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/921 Alloys or mixtures with metallic elements
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/923 Compounds thereof with non-metallic elements
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/1004 characterised by membrane-electrode assemblies [MEA] H01M8/12 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/1011 Direct alcohol fuel cells [DAFC], e.g. direct methanol fuel cells [DMFC]
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/1018 Polymeric electrolyte materials
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/22 Fuel cells in which the fuel is based on materials comprising carbon or oxygen or hydrogen and other elements; Fuel cells in which the fuel is based on materials comprising only elements other than carbon, oxygen or hydrogen
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/50 Fuel cells
• CPC Class Codes: Y02P 70/50 Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Abstract

The present invention provides a catalytic system comprising a catalyst comprising nanoporous or mesoporous palladium and an ion-exchange electrolyte, processes for manufacturing the catalytic system and catalyst, and processes for oxidising or reducing organic and/or inorganic molecules using the catalyst or catalytic system.

Claims

1. A catalytic system comprising a catalyst comprising nanoporous or mesoporous palladium and an ion-exchange electrolyte.

2. A catalytic system as claimed in claim 1 wherein the catalyst further comprises one or more of platinum, gold, ruthenium, rhodium, osmium, iridium, silver, nickel, copper, cobalt, iron, chromium, lead, vanadium or tungsten.

3. A catalytic system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 2 wherein the catalyst is Pd, PdPt, PdAu, PdPtRu, PdPtIr, PdPtAu, PdPtRuIr, PdPtRuOs or PdPtRuIrOs.

4. A catalytic system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 2 wherein the ion-exchange electrolyte is a cation exchange electrolyte.

7. A process for the oxidation or reduction of inorganic and/or organic molecules comprising contacting said molecules with the catalytic system as claimed in claim 1 or 2, or a multi-component catalyst comprising a nanoporous or mesoporous palladium and one or more of platinum, gold, ruthenium, rhodium, osmium, iridium, silver, nickel, copper, cobalt, iron, chromium, lead, vanadium, tungsten, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, sulphur, selenium, tellurium or phosphorous.

8. A process as claimed in claim 7 wherein the organic molecule has from one to twelve carbon atoms.

9. A process as claimed in claim 7 wherein the organic molecule is methanol.

11. A process for the manufacture of a catalytic system as claimed in claim 1 or 2 comprising contacting the catalyst with the ion-exchange electrolyte.

12. An electrode comprising a catalytic system as claimed in claim 1 or 2, or a multi-component catalyst comprising a nanoporous or mesoporous palladium and one or more of platinum, gold, ruthenium, rhodium, osmium, iridium, silver, nickel, copper, cobalt, iron, chromium, lead, vanadium, tungsten, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, sulphur, selenium, tellurium or phosphorous.

13. A fuel cell comprising an electrode as claimed in claim 12.

14. A sensor comprising an electrode as claimed in claim 12.

15. A method for the detection of organic and/or inorganic molecules in a sample comprising contacting said sample with a sensor as claimed in claim 14 and detecting the current due to the oxidation or reduction of the molecules.

22. The catalytic system of claim 3 wherein the ion-exchange electrolyte is a cation exchange electrolyte.

23. The process of claim 7 wherein, in the catalytic system, the catalyst is Pd, PdPt, PdAu, PdPtRu, PdPtIr, PdPtAu, PdPtRuIr, PdPtRuOs or PdPtRuIrOs.

24. The process of claim 7 wherein, in the catalytic system, the ion-exchange electrolyte is a cation exchange electrolyte.

25. The process of claim 8 wherein the organic molecule is methanol.

26. The process of claim 11 wherein, in the catalytic system, the catalyst is Pd, PdPt, PdAu, PdPtRu, PdPtIr, PdPtAu, PdPtRuIr, PdPtRuOs or PdPtRuIrOs.

27. The process of claim 11 wherein, in the catalytic system, the ion-exchange electrolyte is a cation exchange electrolyte.

28. The electrode of claim 12 wherein, in the catalytic system, the catalyst is Pd, PdPt, PdAu, PdPtRu, PdPtIr, PdPtAu, PdPtRuIr, PdPtRuOs or PdPtRuIrOs.

29. The electrode of claim 12 wherein, in the catalytic system, the ion-exchange electrolyte is a cation exchange electrolyte.

30. The fuel cell of claim 13 wherein, in the electrode comprising the catalytic system, the catalyst is Pd, PdPt, PdAu, PdPtRu, PdPtIr, PdPtAu, PdPtRuIr, PdPtRuOs or PdPtRuIrOs.

31. The fuel cell of claim 13 wherein, in the electrode comprising the catalytic system, the ion-exchange electrolyte is a cation exchange electrolyte.

32. The sensor of claim 14 wherein, in the electrode comprising the catalytic system, the catalyst is Pd, PdPt, PdAu, PdPtRu, PdPtIr, PdPtAu, PdPtRuIr, PdPtRuOs or PdPtRuIrOs.

33. The sensor of claim 14 wherein, in the electrode comprising the catalytic system, the ion-exchange electrolyte is a cation exchange electrolyte.

5. A multi-component catalyst comprising a nanoporous or mesoporous palladium and one or more of platinum, gold, ruthenium, rhodium, osmium, iridium, silver, nickel, copper, cobalt, iron, chromium, lead, vanadium, tungsten, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, sulphur, selenium, tellurium or phosphorous.

6. A process for the production of a catalyst as claimed in claim 5, said process comprising solidifying one or more metal precursors in the presence of a templating agent and then removing the templating agent.

10. (canceled)

16-21. -21. (canceled)