Regulation of Wavelength Shift and Perceived Color of Solid State Lighting with Intensity and Temperature Variation

• US 20090079362A1
• Filed: 10/29/2007
• Published: 03/26/2009
• Est. Priority Date: 09/21/2007
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Chemtron Research LLC (Intellectual Ventures LLC)
• Original Assignee: Exclara, Inc. (Million Star Technology Ltd.)
• Inventors: Rodriguez, Harry, Shteynberg, Anatoly, Zhou, Dongsheng, Lehman, Bradley M.
• Granted Patent: US 8,253,666 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 315/294
• CPC Class Codes: H05B 45/20 Controlling the colour of the light
• CPC Class Codes: H05B 45/24 using electrical feedback from LEDs or from LED modules
• CPC Class Codes: H05B 45/28 using temperature feedback
• CPC Class Codes: H05B 45/46 having LEDs disposed in parallel lines

Abstract

Exemplary embodiments of the invention provide a system, apparatus, and method of controlling an intensity and spectrum of light emitted from a solid state lighting system. The solid state lighting has a first emitted spectrum at full intensity and at a selected temperature, with a first electrical biasing for the solid state lighting producing a first wavelength shift, and a second electrical biasing for the solid state lighting producing a second, opposing wavelength shift. Exemplary embodiments provide for receiving information designating a selected intensity level or a selected temperature; and providing a combined first electrical biasing and second electrical biasing to the solid state lighting to generate emitted light having the selected intensity level and having a second emitted spectrum within a predetermined variance of the first emitted spectrum over a predetermined range of temperatures.

Claims

1. An illumination control method for a plurality of light emitting diodes, the plurality of light emitting diodes comprising at least one or more first light emitting diodes having a first spectrum and at least one or more second light emitting diodes having a second, different spectrum, a first electrical biasing for the at least one or more first light emitting diodes producing a first wavelength shift, a second electrical biasing for the at least one or more first light emitting diodes producing a second wavelength shift opposing the first wavelength shift, a third electrical biasing for the at least one or more second light emitting diodes producing a third wavelength shift, a fourth electrical biasing for the at least one or more second light emitting diodes producing a fourth wavelength shift opposing the third wavelength shift, the method comprising:

monitoring an input control signal, the input control signal designating a first intensity level for the at least one or more first light emitting diodes and a second intensity level for the at least one or more second light emitting diodes;

determining a first temperature associated with the at least one or more first light emitting diodes;

determining a second temperature associated with the at least one or more second light emitting diodes;

retrieving a first plurality of parameters stored in a memory, the plurality of parameters designating a corresponding combination of the first electrical biasing and the second electrical biasing for the first temperature;

retrieving a second plurality of parameters stored in the memory, the second plurality of parameters designating a corresponding combination of the third electrical biasing and the fourth electrical biasing for the second temperature;

processing the first plurality of parameters into at least one first input electrical biasing control signal for the at least one or more first light emitting diodes;

processing the second plurality of parameters into at least one second input electrical biasing control signal for the at least one or more second light emitting diodes;

operating the at least one or more first light emitting diodes with a first time-averaged modulation of forward current conforming to the at least one first input electrical biasing control signal to provide a substantially constant first intensity level over a predetermined temperature range and having an emitted spectrum within a first predetermined variance of the first spectrum; and

operating the at least one or more second light emitting diodes with a second time-averaged modulation of forward current conforming to the at least one second input electrical biasing control signal to provide a substantially constant second intensity level over the predetermined temperature range having an emitted spectrum within a second predetermined variance of the second spectrum.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first predetermined variance and the second predetermined variance are each substantially close to zero.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the input control signal is provided by at least one of the following:

a lighting controller, a microprocessor, a remote controller, an AC phase modulation controller, or a manual controller.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the input control signal has an analog or digital form compatible with an input interface of a controller of an LED driver.

5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

selecting the first electrical biasing for corresponding p-n junctions of the at least one or more first light emitting diodes to produce the first wavelength shift in response to temperature variation;

selecting the second electrical biasing for the corresponding p-n junctions of the at least one or more first light emitting diodes to produce the second, opposing wavelength shift in response to temperature variation;

selecting the third electrical biasing for corresponding p-n junctions of the at least one or more second light emitting diodes to produce the third wavelength shift in response to temperature variation; and

selecting the fourth electrical biasing for the corresponding p-n junctions of the at least one or more second light emitting diodes to produce the fourth, opposing wavelength shift in response to temperature variation.

6. The method of claim 5, further comprising:

statistically characterizing the at least one or more first light emitting diodes for the first electrical biasing and the second electrical biasing as a function of temperature variation; and

statistically characterizing the at least one or more second light emitting diodes for the third electrical biasing and the fourth electrical biasing as a function of temperature variation.

7. The method of claim 6, further comprising:

theoretically predicting the combination of the first electrical biasing and the second electrical biasing to control wavelength shifts of the at least one or more first light emitting diodes as a function of temperature; and

theoretically predicting the combination of the third electrical biasing and the fourth electrical biasing to control wavelength shifts of the at least one or more second light emitting diodes as a function of temperature.

8. The method of claim 7, further comprising:

theoretically predicting the combinations to provide any wavelength shifts, as a function of temperature, are substantially close to zero.

9. The method of claim 7, further comprising:

storing the predicted combination of the first electrical biasing and the second electrical biasing as the first plurality of parameters in the memory of a controller for a driver circuit for the at least one or more first light emitting diodes; and

storing the predicted combination of the third electrical biasing and the fourth electrical biasing as the second plurality of parameters in the memory of a controller for a driver circuit for the at least one or more second light emitting diodes.

10. The method of claim 7, further comprising:

storing the predicted combinations as the first and second pluralities of parameters in the form of a look up table.

11. The method of claim 7, further comprising:

storing each predicted combination as at least one corresponding linear or functional equation for temperature variation.

12. The method of claim 1, wherein the first, second, third and fourth electrical biasings are a forward current or bias voltage of the at least one or more first or second light emitting diodes.

13. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of the first, second, third and fourth electrical biasings is an adaptation of an average DC current using any waveform of analog current control.

14. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of the first, second, third and fourth electrical biasings is a pulse modulated current.

15. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of the first, second, third and fourth electrical biasings is at least one of the following:

pulse width modulation, pulse frequency modulation, pulse amplitude modulation, or a time-averaged pulse modulated current.

16. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

independently controlling the first intensity and the second intensity within a predetermined spectral variance to regulate an overall color generated by the plurality of light emitting diodes, to provide that an overall color generated by the plurality of light emitting diodes comprises a sequence of a plurality of single colors emitted during corresponding time intervals, to dim the light generated by the plurality of light emitting diodes, to produce a dynamic lighting effect from the plurality of light emitting diodes, or to regulate a color temperature of the light generated by the plurality of light emitting diodes.

17. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

synchronizing the combination of the first electrical biasing and second electrical biasing with a first switching cycle of a first switch mode LED driver; and

synchronizing the combination of the third electrical biasing and fourth electrical biasing with a second switching cycle of a second switch mode LED driver.

18. The method of claim 17, further comprising:

updating a first frame synchronization register associated with a first controller of the at least one or more first light emitting diodes to store the at least one first input electrical biasing control signal; and

updating a second frame synchronization register associated with a second controller of the at least one or more second light emitting diodes to store the at least one second input electrical biasing control signal.

19. The method of claim 18, further comprising:

updating the first frame synchronization register with a new at least one first input electrical biasing control signal beginning at each fixed period of time synchronized to first switching frequency; and

updating the second frame synchronization register with a new at least one second input electrical biasing control signal beginning at each fixed period of time synchronized to second switching frequency.

20. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

reducing flickering by synchronizing the combination of the first electrical biasing and second electrical biasing with a first switching cycle of a first switch mode LED driver and synchronizing the combination of the third electrical biasing and fourth electrical biasing with a second switching cycle of a second switch mode LED driver.

21. An illumination control method to vary intensity of light from a plurality of light emitting diodes, the plurality of light emitting diodes comprising at least one or more first light emitting diodes having a first spectrum and at least one or more second light emitting diodes having a second, different spectrum, a first electrical biasing for the at least one or more first light emitting diodes producing a first wavelength shift, a second electrical biasing for the at least one or more first light emitting diodes producing a second wavelength shift opposing the first wavelength shift, a third electrical biasing for the at least one or more second light emitting diodes producing a third wavelength shift, a fourth electrical biasing for the at least one or more second light emitting diodes producing a fourth wavelength shift opposing the third wavelength shift, the method comprising:

monitoring an input control signal, the input control signal designating a first intensity level for the at least one or more first light emitting diodes and a second intensity level for the at least one or more second light emitting diodes;

determining a first temperature associated with the at least one or more first light emitting diodes;

determining a second temperature associated with the at least one or more second light emitting diodes;

retrieving a first plurality of parameters stored in a memory, the plurality of parameters designating a corresponding combination of the first electrical biasing and the second electrical biasing for the first intensity level and the first temperature;

retrieving a second plurality of parameters stored in the memory, the second plurality of parameters designating a corresponding combination of the third electrical biasing and the fourth electrical biasing for the second intensity level and the second temperature;

processing the first plurality of parameters into at least one first input electrical biasing control signal for the at least one or more first light emitting diodes;

processing the second plurality of parameters into at least one second input electrical biasing control signal for the at least one or more second light emitting diodes;

operating the at least one or more first light emitting diodes with a first time-averaged modulation of forward current conforming to the at least one first input electrical biasing control signal to provide the first intensity level having an emitted spectrum within a first predetermined variance of the first spectrum over a predetermined range of temperatures; and

operating the at least one or more second light emitting diodes with a second time-averaged modulation of forward current conforming to the at least one second input electrical biasing control signal to provide the second intensity level having an emitted spectrum within a second predetermined variance of the second spectrum over the predetermined range of temperatures.

22. The method of claim 21, wherein the first predetermined variance and the second predetermined variance are each substantially close to zero.

23. The method of claim 21, wherein the input control signal is provided by at least one of the following:

a lighting controller, a microprocessor, a remote controller, an AC phase modulation controller, or a manual controller.

24. The method of claim 21, wherein the input control signal has an analog or digital form compatible with an input interface of a controller of an LED driver.

25. The method of claim 21, further comprising:

selecting the first electrical biasing for corresponding p-n junctions of the at least one or more first light emitting diodes to produce the first wavelength shift in response to variation of both intensity and temperature;

selecting the second electrical biasing for the corresponding p-n junctions of the at least one or more first light emitting diodes to produce the second, opposing wavelength shift in response to variation of both intensity and temperature;

selecting the third electrical biasing for corresponding p-n junctions of the at least one or more second light emitting diodes to produce the third wavelength shift in response to variation of both intensity and temperature; and

selecting the fourth electrical biasing for the corresponding p-n junctions of the at least one or more second light emitting diodes to produce the fourth, opposing wavelength shift in response to variation of both intensity and temperature.

26. The method of claim 25, further comprising:

statistically characterizing the at least one or more first light emitting diodes for the first electrical biasing and the second electrical biasing as a function of variation of both intensity and temperature; and

statistically characterizing the at least one or more second light emitting diodes for the third electrical biasing and the fourth electrical biasing as a function of variation of both intensity and temperature.

27. The method of claim 26, further comprising:

theoretically predicting the combination of the first electrical biasing and the second electrical biasing to control wavelength shifts of the at least one or more first light emitting diodes as a function of variation of both intensity and temperature; and

theoretically predicting the combination of the third electrical biasing and the fourth electrical biasing to control wavelength shifts of the at least one or more second light emitting diodes as a function of variation of both intensity and temperature.

28. The method of claim 27, further comprising:

theoretically predicting the combinations to provide any wavelength shifts, as a function of temperature and intensity variation, are substantially close to zero.

29. The method of claim 27, further comprising:

storing the predicted combination of the first electrical biasing and the second electrical biasing as the first plurality of parameters in the memory of a controller for a driver circuit for the at least one or more first light emitting diodes; and

storing the predicted combination of the third electrical biasing and the fourth electrical biasing as the second plurality of parameters in the memory of a controller for a driver circuit for the at least one or more second light emitting diodes.

30. The method of claim 27, further comprising:

storing the predicted combinations as the first and second pluralities of parameters in the form of a look up table.

31. The method of claim 27, further comprising:

storing each predicted combination as at least one corresponding linear or functional equation for variation of both intensity and temperature.

32. The method of claim 21, wherein the first, second, third and fourth electrical biasings are a forward current or bias voltage of the at least one or more first or second light emitting diodes.

33. The method of claim 21, wherein at least one of the first, second, third and fourth electrical biasings is an adaptation of an average DC current using any waveform of analog current control.

34. The method of claim 21, wherein at least one of the first, second, third and fourth electrical biasings is a pulse modulated current.

35. The method of claim 21, wherein at least one of the first, second, third and fourth electrical biasings is at least one of the following:

pulse width modulation, pulse frequency modulation, pulse amplitude modulation, or a time-averaged pulse modulated current.

36. The method of claim 21, wherein the corresponding combinations are a first combination of non-zero first electrical biasing and second electrical biasing to regulate wavelength emission while maintaining the average first intensity substantially constant and a second combination of non-zero third electrical biasing and fourth electrical biasing to regulate wavelength emission while maintaining the average second intensity substantially constant.

37. The method of claim 21, further comprising:

independently controlling the first intensity and the second intensity within a predetermined spectral variance over a predetermined range of temperatures to regulate an overall color generated by the plurality of light emitting diodes, to provide that an overall color generated by the plurality of light emitting diodes comprises a sequence of a plurality of single colors emitted during corresponding time intervals, to dim the light generated by the plurality of light emitting diodes, to produce a dynamic lighting effect from the plurality of light emitting diodes, or to regulate a color temperature of the light generated by the plurality of light emitting diodes.

38. The method of claim 21, further comprising:

synchronizing the combination of the first electrical biasing and second electrical biasing with a first switching cycle of a first switch mode LED driver; and

synchronizing the combination of the third electrical biasing and fourth electrical biasing with a second switching cycle of a second switch mode LED driver.

39. The method of claim 38, further comprising:

updating a first frame synchronization register associated with a first controller of the at least one or more first light emitting diodes to store the at least one first input electrical biasing control signal; and

updating a second frame synchronization register associated with a second controller of the at least one or more second light emitting diodes to store the at least one second input electrical biasing control signal.

40. The method of claim 39, further comprising:

updating the first frame synchronization register with a new at least one first input electrical biasing control signal beginning at each fixed period of time synchronized to first switching frequency; and

updating the second frame synchronization register with a new at least one second input electrical biasing control signal beginning at each fixed period of time synchronized to second switching frequency.

41. The method of claim 21, further comprising:

reducing flickering by synchronizing the combination of the first electrical biasing and second electrical biasing with a first switching cycle of a first switch mode LED driver and synchronizing the combination of the third electrical biasing and fourth electrical biasing with a second switching cycle of a second switch mode LED driver.

42. A solid state lighting system, comprising:

a plurality of arrays of light emitting diodes, a first array of the plurality of arrays having a first emitted spectrum at full intensity, a first electrical biasing for the first array of the plurality of arrays producing a first wavelength shift, a second electrical biasing for the first array of the plurality of arrays producing a second, opposing wavelength shift;

a temperature sensor coupled to the first array of the plurality of arrays of light emitting diodes;

at least one driver circuit coupled to the first array of the plurality of arrays of light emitting diodes;

an interface adapted to receive information designating a selected intensity level;

a memory adapted to store a plurality of parameters corresponding to a plurality of intensity levels and a predetermined range of temperatures; and

at least one controller coupled to the memory and to the at least one driver circuit, the controller adapted to receive a temperature signal from the temperature sensor, the controller adapted to retrieve from the memory at least one parameter of the plurality of parameters corresponding to the selected intensity level and the temperature signal, and to convert the at least one parameter into a corresponding control signal to the at least one driver circuit to provide a combined first electrical biasing and second electrical biasing to the first array to generate emitted light having the selected intensity level over the predetermined range of temperatures and having a second emitted spectrum within a predetermined variance of the first emitted spectrum.

43. The system of claim 42, wherein the predetermined variance is substantially zero or is a selected tolerance level.

44. The system of claim 42, wherein the second emitted spectrum is an overall color generated within the predetermined variance, or a sequence of a single color emitted at a given time, or a dynamic lighting effect as requested by a second signal received by the interface.

45. The system of claim 42, wherein the control signal provides the combined first electrical biasing and second electrical biasing as a superposition of or an alternation between at least two of the following types of electrical biasing:

pulse width modulation, constant current regulation, pulse frequency modulation; and

pulse amplitude modulation.

46. The system of claim 42, wherein the plurality of parameters comprise a duty cycle parameter and an average current level parameter for the combined first electrical biasing and second electrical biasing.

47. The system of claim 42, wherein the at least one controller is further adapted to synchronize the control signal with a switching cycle of the at least one driver circuit.

48. The system of claim 42, wherein the at least one controller is further adapted to maintain the selected intensity substantially constant over the predetermined range of temperatures.

49. The system of claim 42, wherein the controller is further adapted to generate a second control signal to modify a temperature of a selected array of the plurality of arrays of light emitting diodes to maintain the overall second emitted spectrum within the predetermined variance of the first emitted spectrum.

50. The system of claim 42, wherein the controller is further adapted to generate a second control signal to modify an intensity of a selected array of the plurality of arrays of light emitting diodes to maintain the overall second emitted spectrum within the predetermined variance of the first emitted spectrum.

51. The system of claim 42, wherein the controller is further adapted to generate a second control signal to modify an intensity of a selected array of the plurality of arrays of light emitting diodes to reduce a sensed temperature of the selected array of the plurality of arrays of light emitting diodes.

52. The system of claim 42, wherein the system further comprises:

a plurality of driver circuits, each driver circuit of the plurality of driver circuits coupled to a corresponding array of the plurality of arrays of light emitting diodes; and

wherein the at least one controller is coupled to each driver circuit, and is further adapted to generate separate, corresponding control signal to the corresponding driver circuit to provide a corresponding combined first electrical biasing and second electrical biasing to the corresponding array of the plurality of arrays of light emitting diodes to generate a corresponding second emitted spectrum over the predetermined range of temperatures and within the predetermined variance of the corresponding first emitted spectrum.

53. The system of claim 42, wherein the system further comprises:

a plurality of driver circuits, each driver circuit of the plurality of driver circuits coupled to a corresponding array of the plurality of arrays of light emitting diodes; and

a plurality of controllers, each controller of the plurality of controllers coupled to a corresponding driver circuit, and each controller further adapted to generate separate, corresponding control signal to the corresponding driver circuit to provide a corresponding combined first electrical biasing and second electrical biasing to the corresponding array of the plurality of arrays of light emitting diodes to generate a corresponding second emitted spectrum over the predetermined range of temperatures and within the predetermined variance of the corresponding first emitted spectrum.

54. The system of claim 42, wherein each combined first electrical biasing and second electrical biasing corresponds to a type of light emitting diode comprising the corresponding array of the plurality of arrays of light emitting diodes.

55. The system of claim 42, wherein the plurality of arrays of light emitting diodes comprise at least one array of red light emitting diodes, at least one array of green light emitting diodes, and at least one array of blue light emitting diodes.

56. The system of claim 42, further comprising:

a cooling element coupled to at least one array of the plurality of arrays of light emitting diodes; and

wherein the controller is further adapted to generate a second control signal to the cooling element to lower a temperature of the at least one array to maintain the overall second emitted spectrum within the predetermined variance of the first emitted spectrum.

57. The system of claim 42, wherein the at least one controller further comprises:

a dimming frame register;

an intensity register;

a programmable look up table memory;

a programmable frame counter and cycle counter;

a block of operational signal registers;

at least one analog multiplexer; and

at least one digital-to-analog converter.

58. The system of claim 57, wherein the at least one controller is further adapted to program the operational signal registers with at least two peak current amplitude values, at least two current amplitude modulation values, and two current duty cycle values to provide the at least one input operational control signal to the driver circuit to provide the combination of the first electrical biasing and the second electrical biasing for the selected intensity level and emission wavelength control specified by the user interface.

59. The system of claim 58, wherein the at least one controller is further adapted to vary the intensity of the at least one or more substantially similar light emitting diodes without substantial optical output flickering by alternatively multiplexing the at least one input operational control signal to the driver circuit from a first set of operational signal registers synchronously to an end of a current dimming frame counter while programming asynchronously a second set of operational signal registers with a second input operational control signal.

60. The system of claim 59, wherein the at least one controller is further adapted to queue the second input operational control signal to a current status at the end of the current dimming frame counter.

61. The system of claim 42, further comprising:

an enclosure for the at least one or more first and second light emitting diodes, the at least one first and second controllers and the at least one first and second driver circuits, the enclosure having a terminal couplable to an input power signal.

62. The system of claim 61, wherein the input power signal is an AC utility signal.

63. The system of claim 61, wherein the system is couplable to a phase modulation device and the input power signal is a phase-modulated AC utility signal.

64. The system of claim 61, wherein the enclosure is compatible with a standard light bulb interface.

65. The system of claim 61, wherein the enclosure is compatible with a standard Edison light bulb socket.

66. A lighting system having variable intensity, the system comprising:

a plurality of light emitting diodes, the plurality of light emitting diodes comprising at least one or more first light emitting diodes connected in a first channel and having a first spectrum and at least one or more second light emitting diodes connected in a second channel and having a second, different spectrum, a first electrical biasing for the at least one or more first light emitting diodes producing a first wavelength shift, a second electrical biasing for the at least one or more first light emitting diodes producing a second wavelength shift opposing the first wavelength shift, a third electrical biasing for the at least one or more second light emitting diodes producing a third wavelength shift, a fourth electrical biasing for the at least one or more second light emitting diodes producing a fourth wavelength shift opposing the third wavelength shift;

a temperature sensor coupled to the at least one or more first light emitting diodes of the plurality of light emitting diodes;

at least one first driver circuit coupled to the at least one or more first light emitting diodes, the at least one first driver circuit comprising a first regulator and a first power converter, the at least one first driver circuit adapted to respond to a first plurality of input operational signals to provide a first combination of the first electrical biasing and the second electrical biasing to the at least one or more first light emitting diodes;

at least one second driver circuit coupled to the at least one or more second light emitting diodes, the at least one second driver circuit comprising a second regulator and a second power converter, the at least one second driver circuit adapted to respond to a second plurality of input operational signals to provide a second combination of the third electrical biasing and the fourth electrical biasing to the at least one or more second light emitting diodes;

at least one first controller couplable to a user interface and coupled to the at least one first driver circuit, the at least one first controller further comprising a first memory, the at least one first controller adapted to retrieve a first plurality of parameters stored in the first memory, the first plurality of parameters corresponding to a sensed temperature and to a first intensity level provided by the user interface and further designating the first combination of the first electrical biasing and the second electrical biasing;

the at least one first controller further adapted to convert the first plurality of parameters into at least one first input operational control signal to provide the first intensity level of the at least one or more first light emitting diodes with wavelength emission control over a predetermined range of temperatures; and

at least one second controller couplable to the user interface and coupled to the at least one second driver circuit, the at least one second controller further comprising a second memory, the at least one second controller adapted to retrieve a second plurality of parameters stored in the second memory, the second plurality of parameters corresponding to the sensed temperature and a second intensity level provided by the user interface and further designating the second combination of the third electrical biasing and the fourth electrical biasing;

the at least one second controller further adapted to convert the second plurality of parameters into at least one second input operational control signal to provide the second intensity level of the at least one or more second light emitting diodes with wavelength emission control over the predetermined range of temperatures.

67. The system of claim 66, wherein emitted light from the at least one or more first light emitting diodes at the first intensity level has a first peak wavelength within a first predetermined variance of a first full intensity peak wavelength and wherein emitted light from the at least one or more second light emitting diodes at the second intensity level has a second peak wavelength within a second predetermined variance of a second full intensity peak wavelength.

68. The system of claim 66, wherein the at least one first controller independently controls the first intensity and wavelength emission of the at least one or more first light emitting diodes and the at least one second controller independently controls the second intensity and wavelength emission of the at least one or more second light emitting diodes to regulate an overall color generated by the lighting system.

69. The system of claim 66, wherein the at least one first controller independently controls the first intensity and wavelength emission of the at least one or more first light emitting diodes and the at least one second controller independently controls the second intensity and wavelength emission of the at least one or more second light emitting diodes to provide that an overall color generated by the plurality of light emitting diodes comprises a sequence of a plurality of single colors emitted during corresponding time intervals.

70. The system of claim 66, wherein the at least one first controller independently controls the first intensity and wavelength emission of the at least one or more first light emitting diodes and the at least one second controller independently controls the second intensity and wavelength emission of the at least one or more second light emitting diodes to dim the light generated by the plurality of light emitting diodes.

71. The system of claim 66, wherein the at least one first controller independently controls the first intensity and wavelength emission of the at least one or more first light emitting diodes and the at least one second controller independently controls the second intensity and wavelength emission of the at least one or more second light emitting diodes to produce a dynamic lighting effect selected through the user interface.

72. The system of claim 66, wherein the at least one first controller independently controls the first intensity and wavelength emission of the at least one or more first light emitting diodes and the at least one second controller independently controls the second intensity and wavelength emission of the at least one or more second light emitting diodes to regulate a color temperature of the light generated by the plurality of light emitting diodes.

73. The system of claim 66, wherein the first, second, third and fourth electrical biasings are a forward current or bias voltage of the at least one or more first or second light emitting diodes.

74. The system of claim 66, wherein at least one of the first, second, third and fourth electrical biasings is an adaptation of an average DC current using any waveform of analog current control.

75. The system of claim 66, wherein at least one of the first, second, third and fourth electrical biasings is a pulse modulated current.

76. The system of claim 66, wherein at least one of the first, second, third and fourth electrical biasings is at least one of the following:

pulse width modulation, pulse frequency modulation, pulse amplitude modulation, or a time-averaged pulse modulated current.

77. The system of claim 66, wherein the at least one first controller generates the at least one first input operational control signal to provide a first combination of non-zero first electrical biasing and second electrical biasing to regulate wavelength emission while maintaining the average first intensity substantially constant.

78. The system of claim 66, wherein the at least one second controller generates the at least one second input operational control signal to provide a second combination of non-zero third electrical biasing and fourth electrical biasing to regulate wavelength emission while maintaining the average second intensity substantially constant.

79. The system of claim 66, wherein the at least one first controller is further adapted to generate to the at least one first input electrical biasing control signal to provide both the first intensity level and a corresponding wavelength shift within a first predetermined variance of the first spectrum;

and wherein the at least one second controller is further adapted to generate the at least one second input electrical biasing control signal to provide both the second intensity level independently of the first intensity level and a corresponding wavelength shift within a second predetermined variance of the second spectrum.

80. The system of claim 66, wherein the at least one first controller and the at least one second controller are further adapted to control the first intensity and the second intensity within a predetermined spectral variance to regulate an overall color generated by the plurality of light emitting diodes.

81. The system of claim 66, wherein the at least one first controller and the at least one second controller are further adapted to control the first intensity and the second intensity within a predetermined spectral variance to provide that an overall color generated by the plurality of light emitting diodes comprises a sequence of a plurality of single colors emitted during corresponding time intervals.

82. The system of claim 66, wherein the at least one first controller and the at least one second controller are further adapted to control the first intensity and the second intensity within a predetermined spectral variance to dim the light generated by the plurality of light emitting diodes.

83. The system of claim 66, wherein the at least one first controller and the at least one second controller are further adapted to control the first intensity and the second intensity within a predetermined spectral variance to produce a dynamic lighting effect from the plurality of light emitting diodes.

84. The system of claim 66, wherein the at least one first controller and the at least one second controller are further adapted to control the first intensity and the second intensity within a predetermined spectral variance to regulate a color temperature of the light generated by the plurality of light emitting diodes.

85. The system of claim 66, wherein the first plurality of parameters are a prediction of the combination of the first electrical biasing and the second electrical biasing to control both intensity and wavelength shifts of the at least one or more first light emitting diodes over the predetermined range of temperatures, and wherein the second plurality of parameters are a prediction of the combination of the third electrical biasing and the fourth electrical biasing to control both intensity and wavelength shifts of the at least one or more second light emitting diodes over the predetermined range of temperatures.

86. The system of claim 66, wherein the first plurality of parameters are a prediction of the combination of the first electrical biasing and the second electrical biasing to control intensity of and to provide any wavelength shifts are substantially close to zero for the at least one or more first light emitting diodes over the predetermined range of temperatures, and wherein the second plurality of parameters are a prediction of the combination of the third electrical biasing and the fourth electrical biasing to control intensity of and to provide any wavelength shifts are substantially close to zero for the at least one or more second light emitting diodes over the predetermined range of temperatures.

87. The system of claim 66, wherein the first plurality of parameters are a prediction of the operation of the at least one or more first light emitting diodes from the application of the combination of the first electrical biasing and the second electrical biasing during symmetrical or asymmetrical dimming cycles for a predetermined range of intensity variation over the predetermined range of temperatures;

and wherein the second plurality of parameters are a prediction of the operation of the at least one or more second light emitting diodes from the application of the combination of the third electrical biasing and the fourth electrical biasing during symmetrical or asymmetrical dimming cycles for the predetermined range of intensity variation over the predetermined range of temperatures.

88. The system of claim 66, wherein the first and second pluralities of parameters are each stored in the form of a look up table in the respective first and second memories.

89. The system of claim 66, wherein the first and second pluralities of parameters are each stored in the form of at least one linear or functional equation for intensity adjustment within every dimming cycle or every second dimming cycle for the corresponding electrical biasings.

90. The system of claim 66, wherein the combination of the first electrical biasing and second electrical biasing or the combination of the third electrical biasing and fourth electrical biasing is at least one of the following:

a combination of pulse width modulation and constant current regulation within a single dimming cycle;

a combination of forward current pulse modulation and analog regulation alternating every two consecutive dimming cycles;

a combination of forward current pulse modulation and analog regulation alternating every three consecutive dimming cycles;

a combination of forward current pulse modulation and analog regulation alternating an equal number of consecutive dimming cycles;

or a combination of forward current pulse modulation and analog regulation alternating an unequal number of consecutive dimming cycles.

91. The system of claim 66, wherein the combination of the first electrical biasing and second electrical biasing or the combination of the third electrical biasing and fourth electrical biasing further comprise forward current pulse modulation with a peak current in a high state and an average current value at a low state.

92. The system of claim 66, wherein the at least one first controller or the at least one second controller is further adapted to generate at least one control signal providing that the combination of electrical biasing is an alternation each second dimming cycle a combination of forward current pulse modulation and analog regulation of forward current with any arbitrary waveform having an average DC component.

93. The system of claim 66, wherein the combination of the first electrical biasing and second electrical biasing or the combination of the third electrical biasing and fourth electrical biasing is a superposition of an AC signal on a DC signal to control the wavelength emission.

94. The system of claim 66, wherein the at least one first controller and the at least one second controller are further adapted to control wavelength emission to a selected variance subject to selected intensity levels over the predetermined range of temperatures.

95. The system of claim 66, wherein the at least one first controller and the at least one second controller are further adapted to maintain wavelength emission substantially constant over the predetermined range of temperatures.

96. The system of claim 66, wherein the at least one first and second controllers are further adapted to synchronize the combination of electrical biasing respectively with a switching cycle of the at least one first and second driver circuit.

97. The system of claim 96, wherein the combination of the first electrical biasing and second electrical biasing has a duty cycle and an average current level which are related to the selected intensity level according to a first relation of

$d=\sqrt{\frac{D}{k}}$

and a second relation of α

=√

{square root over (Dk)}, in which variable “

d”

is the duty cycle, variable a is an analog ratio corresponding to the average current level, variable “

D”

is a dimming ratio corresponding to the selected intensity level, and coefficient “

k”

is determined to balance wavelength shifts within the predetermined variance.

98. The system of claim 66, wherein each controller further comprises:

a dimming frame register;

an intensity register;

a programmable look up table memory;

a programmable frame counter and cycle counter;

a block of operational signal registers;

at least one analog multiplexer; and

at least one digital-to-analog converter.

99. The system of claim 98, wherein each controller is further adapted to program the operational signal registers with at least two peak current amplitude values, at least two current amplitude modulation values, and two current duty cycle values to provide the at least one input operational control signal to the driver circuit to provide the combination of the first electrical biasing and the second electrical biasing for the selected intensity level and emission wavelength control specified by the user interface.

100. The system of claim 99, wherein each controller is further adapted to vary the intensity of the at least one or more substantially similar light emitting diodes without substantial optical output flickering by alternatively multiplexing the at least one input operational control signal to the driver circuit from a first set of operational signal registers synchronously to an end of a current dimming frame counter while programming asynchronously a second set of operational signal registers with a second input operational control signal.

101. The system of claim 66, wherein each controller is further adapted to queue the second input operational control signal to a current status at the end of the current dimming frame counter.

102. The system of claim 66, wherein the user interface is couplable to a microprocessor or a network using a proprietary or standard interface protocol including DMX 512, DALI, I²C, or SPI.

103. The system of claim 66, wherein the power converter of each driver circuit is a linear circuit, a switching DC/DC circuit, or a switching AC/DC circuit with a power factor correction circuit.

104. The system of claim 66, wherein each power converter is adapted to provide a time averaged modulation of forward current conforming to the corresponding input control signals to vary corresponding intensity by implementing the corresponding combined electrical biasing while maintaining the wavelength emission shift substantially close to zero.

105. The system of claim 66, wherein the plurality of light emitting diodes further comprising at least one or more third light emitting diodes connected in a third channel and having a third spectrum different from the first and second spectra, a fifth electrical biasing for the at least one or more third light emitting diodes producing a fifth wavelength shift, a sixth electrical biasing for the at least one or more third light emitting diodes producing a sixth wavelength shift opposing the fifth wavelength shift;

at least one third driver circuit coupled to the at least one or more third light emitting diodes, the at least one third driver circuit comprising a third regulator and a third power converter, the at least one third driver circuit adapted to respond to a third plurality of input operational signals to provide a third combination of the fifth electrical biasing and the sixth electrical biasing to the at least one or more third light emitting diodes; and

at least one third controller couplable to the user interface and coupled to the at least one third driver circuit, the at least one third controller further comprising a third memory, the at least one third controller adapted to retrieve a third plurality of parameters stored in the third memory, the third plurality of parameters corresponding to a third intensity level provided by the user interface and designating the third combination of the fifth electrical biasing and the sixth electrical biasing;

the at least one third controller further adapted to convert the third plurality of parameters into at least one third input operational control signal to provide the third intensity level of the at least one or more third light emitting diodes with wavelength emission control.

106. The system of claim 105, wherein the at least one or more first light emitting diodes comprises a plurality of red light emitting diodes, the at least one or more second light emitting diodes comprises a plurality of green light emitting diodes, and the at least one or more third light emitting diodes comprises a plurality of blue light emitting diodes.

107. The system of claim 106, further comprising:

an electrodynamic cooling element coupled to a heat sink of the at least one or more first light emitting diodes;

at least one temperature sensor coupled to the at least one or more first light emitting diodes and to the at least one first controller;

a junction temperature regulator coupled to the temperature sensor and to a reference voltage source providing a set temperature signal; and

a buffer coupled to an output of the junction temperature regulator and adapted to provide a DC current to the electrodynamic cooling element to regulate a junction temperature of the at least one or more first light emitting diodes.

108. The system of claim 107, wherein the junction temperature regulator is further coupled to the at least one first controller to decrease the first intensity when the junction temperature is above a set value.