BIOSENSOR ELECTRODE MEDIATORS FOR REGENERATION OF COFACTORS
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Abstract
The present invention is based on the discovery of NAD+ and NADP+ mediator compounds that do not bind irreversibly to thiol groups in the active sites of intracellular dehydrogenase enzymes. Such mediator compounds avoid a common mode of enzyme inhibition. The mediators can therefore increase the stability and reliability of the electrical response in amperometric electrodes constructed from NAD- or NADP-dependent enzymes.
19 Citations
25 Claims
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1-11. -11. (canceled)
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12. A biosensor, comprising:
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a first and a second substrate comprising a reaction zone therebetween; and a plurality of gold electrodes comprising a fill indicator electrode, a working electrode, and a counter or counter/reference electrode formed on the first substrate; wherein the reaction zone comprises an enzyme, a cofactor, and a mediator associated with the working electrode, and wherein a glucose concentration in a biological fluid sample is determined within 10 seconds after detection of the biological fluid in the reaction zone. - View Dependent Claims (13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19)
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20. A biosensor, comprising:
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a first and a second substrate, wherein the first substrate comprises a reaction zone and the second substrate is a spacer; a plurality of gold electrodes comprising a working electrode, a counter or counter/reference electrode, and a fill indicator electrode, wherein said electrodes are formed on at least one substrate, wherein the reaction zone comprises GDH, a cofactor, and a nitro-organo-compound mediator, and wherein the reaction zone is associated with at least the working electrode, wherein a glucose concentration in a biological fluid sample is determined with 5 seconds after detection of the biological fluid in said reaction zone.
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21. A biosensor, comprising:
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a first and a second substrate comprising a reaction zone therebetween and a third substrate, wherein the third substrate is a spacer positioned between the first and the second substrates; and a plurality of gold electrodes comprising a working electrode, at least one counter or counter/reference electrode, and a fill indicator electrode, wherein said electrodes are formed on at least one substrate, wherein the reaction zone comprises GDH, a cofactor, and a mediator, wherein the reaction zone is associated with at least the working electrode, and wherein a glucose concentration in a biological fluid sample is determined within 10 seconds after detection of the biological fluid in said reaction zone. - View Dependent Claims (22, 23, 24, 25)
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Specification