GLUCOSE SENSORS AND METHODS OF MANUFACTURE THEREOF
First Claim
1. A device comprising:
- a reference electrode;
a counter electrode;
a working electrode;
the working electrode being disposed in the vicinity of the reference and counter electrode;
an electrically conducting membrane;
the electrically conducting membrane being in operative communication with the working electrode;
an enzyme layer;
the enzyme layer being in operative communication with the working electrode;
a semi-permeable membrane;
the semi-permeable membrane being in operative communication with the working electrode;
a first layer of a first hydrogel in operative communication with the working electrode;
the first layer of the first hydrogel being operative to store oxygen;
wherein the amount of stored oxygen is proportional to the number of freeze-thaw cycles that the hydrogel is subjected to; and
a second layer of the second hydrogel in operative communication with the working electrode;
the second layer of the second hydrogel comprising tissue response modifying release agents.
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Accused Products
Abstract
Disclosed herein is a device that functions as a glucose sensor. The device has a reference electrode; a counter electrode, a working electrode; an electrically conducting membrane; an enzyme layer; a semi-permeable membrane; a first layer of a first hydrogel in operative communication with the working electrode; the first layer of the first hydrogel being operative to store oxygen; wherein the amount of stored oxygen is proportional to the number of freeze-thaw cycles that the hydrogel is subjected to; and a second layer of the second hydrogel. Disclosed too is a method that comprises using periodically biased amperometry towards interrogation of implantable glucose sensors to improve both sensor'"'"'s sensitivity and linearity while at the same time enable internal calibration against sensor drifts that originate from changes in either electrode activity or membrane permeability as a result of fouling, calcification and/or fibrosis.
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Citations
33 Claims
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1. A device comprising:
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a reference electrode; a counter electrode; a working electrode;
the working electrode being disposed in the vicinity of the reference and counter electrode;an electrically conducting membrane;
the electrically conducting membrane being in operative communication with the working electrode;an enzyme layer;
the enzyme layer being in operative communication with the working electrode;a semi-permeable membrane;
the semi-permeable membrane being in operative communication with the working electrode;a first layer of a first hydrogel in operative communication with the working electrode;
the first layer of the first hydrogel being operative to store oxygen;
wherein the amount of stored oxygen is proportional to the number of freeze-thaw cycles that the hydrogel is subjected to; anda second layer of the second hydrogel in operative communication with the working electrode;
the second layer of the second hydrogel comprising tissue response modifying release agents. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18)
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19. A method for supplementing oxygen within a sensor, the supplementing comprising:
performing multiple freeze-thaw cycles on a first layer of a first hydrogel;
the sensor comprising;a reference electrode; a counter electrode; a working electrode;
the working electrode being disposed in the vicinity of the reference and counter electrode;an electrically conducting membrane;
the electrically conducting membrane being in operative communication with the working electrode;an enzyme layer;
the enzyme layer being in operative communication with the working electrode;a semi-permeable membrane;
the semi-permeable membrane being in operative communication with the working electrode;the first layer of the first hydrogel in operative communication with the working electrode;
the first layer of the first hydrogel being operative to store oxygen;
wherein the amount of stored oxygen is proportional to the number of freeze-thaw cycles that the hydrogel is subjected to; anda second layer of a second hydrogel in operative communication with the working electrode;
the second layer of the second hydrogel comprising tissue response modifying release agents.- View Dependent Claims (20, 21, 22)
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23. A method comprising:
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performing periodic biasing amperometry on a sensor, the sensor comprising; a reference electrode; a counter electrode; a working electrode;
the working electrode being disposed in the vicinity of the reference and counter electrode;an electrically conducting membrane;
the electrically conducting membrane being in operative communication with the working electrode;an enzyme layer;
the enzyme layer being in operative communication with the working electrode;a semi-permeable membrane;
the semi-permeable membrane being in operative communication with the working electrode;the first layer of the first hydrogel in operative communication with the working electrode;
the first layer of the first hydrogel being operative to store oxygen;
wherein the amount of stored oxygen is proportional to the number of freeze-thaw cycles that the hydrogel is subjected to; anda second layer of a second hydrogel in operative communication with the working electrode;
the second layer of the second hydrogel comprising tissue response modifying release agents;
the periodic biasing amperometry comprising;biasing the working electrode for a short duration of time at regular intervals at a number of testing potentials; repeating the periodic biasing for all the testing potentials; continuing the periodic biasing until a steady state is attained for all the testing potentials; conducting an internal calibration of the sensor after an analyte being measured has reached a steady state;
the internal calibration comprising a time interval where the periodic biasing is not applied;measuring a periodic biasing amperometric signal difference immediately before and immediately after the time interval comprises; measuring a differential for the periodic biasing amperometric signal difference; comparing the differential with a calibration chart to obtain sensitivity factors; and applying the sensitivity factors to the sensor to correct against drifts. - View Dependent Claims (24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30)
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31. A method comprising:
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internally calibrating an electrochemical biosensor based on a primary reaction when the electrochemical biosensor has reached equilibrium; and monitoring a departure from equilibrium of a secondary electrochemical reaction;
the secondary electrochemical reaction altering a state of a working electrode of the electrochemical biosensor;
the secondary electrochemical reaction altering the electrochemistry of the primary reaction. - View Dependent Claims (32, 33)
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Specification