CRYSTALLINE CHROMIUM ALLOY DEPOSIT
First Claim
1. An electrodeposited crystalline functional chromium alloy deposit, wherein the alloy comprises chromium, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, and the deposit is nanogranular as deposited.
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Abstract
An electrodeposited crystalline functional chromium deposit which is nanogranular as deposited, and the deposit may be both TEM and XRD crystalline or may be TEM crystalline and XRD amorphous. In various embodiments, the deposit includes one or any combination of two or more of an alloy of chromium, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur; a {111} preferred orientation; an average crystal grain cross-sectional area of less than about 500 nm2; and a lattice parameter of 2.8895+/−0.0025 A. A process and an electrodeposition bath for electrodepositing the nanogranular crystalline functional chromium deposit on a substrate, including providing the electrodeposition bath including trivalent chromium, a source of divalent sulfur, a carboxylic acid, a source of nitrogen and being substantially free of hexavalent chromium; immersing a substrate in the bath; and applying an electrical current to electrodeposit the deposit on the substrate.
72 Citations
34 Claims
- 1. An electrodeposited crystalline functional chromium alloy deposit, wherein the alloy comprises chromium, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, and the deposit is nanogranular as deposited.
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11. A process for electrodepositing a nanogranular functional crystalline chromium alloy deposit on a substrate, comprising:
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providing an electrodeposition bath, wherein the bath is prepared by combining ingredients comprising trivalent chromium, a source of divalent sulfur, a carboxylic acid, a source of sp3 nitrogen, wherein the bath is substantially free of hexavalent chromium; immersing a substrate in the electroplating bath; and applying an electrical current to electrodeposit a functional crystalline chromium deposit on the substrate, wherein the alloy comprises chromium, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, and the deposit is crystalline and nanogranular as deposited. - View Dependent Claims (12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25)
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26. An electrodeposition bath for electrodepositing a nanogranular crystalline functional chromium alloy deposit, wherein the alloy comprises chromium, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, and
the bath comprises an aqueous solution obtained by combining ingredients comprising: -
a source of trivalent chromium having a concentration of least 0.1 molar and being substantially free of added hexavalent chromium; a carboxylic acid; a source of sp3 nitrogen; a source of divalent sulfur, at a concentration in the range from about 0.0001 M to about 0.05 M; and wherein the bath further comprises; a pH in the range from 5 to about 6.5; an operating temperature in the range from about 35°
C. to about 95°
C.; anda source of electrical energy to be applied between an anode and a cathode immersed in the electrodeposition bath. - View Dependent Claims (27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34)
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Specification