NON-BIOFOULING, UNIVERSAL REDOX ELECTRODE AND MEASUREMENT SYSTEM
First Claim
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1. A reduction-oxidation (redox) measurement system, comprising:
- a universal measurement electrode comprised of gold with a surface derivatized with an electron transport promoter in a sufficient quantity to eliminate or reduce effects of biofouling of said surface, said measurement electrode lacking enzymes immobilized on said surface;
a reference electrode; and
a meter connected to said measurement electrode and said reference electrode for measuring the redox potential.
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Abstract
A universal reduction-oxidation (redox) electrode allows for the temporal measurement of the redox potential of a variety of biological or environmental fluids or tissues, and assists in the diagnosis of matters related to health and disease. The electrode is made from gold which is derivatized with an electron transport promoter, such as 4-pyridinethiol and bis(4-pyridyl)disulfide. The electrode can be used to measure the redox potential of complex mediums without biofouling.
15 Citations
27 Claims
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1. A reduction-oxidation (redox) measurement system, comprising:
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a universal measurement electrode comprised of gold with a surface derivatized with an electron transport promoter in a sufficient quantity to eliminate or reduce effects of biofouling of said surface, said measurement electrode lacking enzymes immobilized on said surface; a reference electrode; and a meter connected to said measurement electrode and said reference electrode for measuring the redox potential. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
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- 7. A non-biofouling electrode for measuring the reduction-oxidation (redox) potential in an environmental or biological sample or tissue consisting essentially of gold with a surface derivatized with an electron transport promoter in a sufficient quantity to eliminate or reduce effects of biofouling of said surface, said measurement electrode lacking enzymes immobilized on said surface.
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9. A method of measuring the reduction-oxidation (redox) potential of a biological or environmental sample, comprising the steps of:
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contacting a biological or environmental fluid or tissue with a universal measurement electrode comprised of gold with a surface derivatized with an electron transport promoter in a sufficient quantity to eliminate or reduce effects of biofouling of said surface, said measurement electrode lacking enzymes immobilized on said surface, and a reference electrode; and using a meter to measure the redox potential at said universal measurement electrode. - View Dependent Claims (10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20)
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21. A point-of-care system for monitoring patient parameters, comprising:
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a reduction-oxidation (redox) measurement system comprising a universal measurement electrode comprised of gold with a surface derivatized with an electron transport promoter in a sufficient quantity to eliminate or reduce effects of biofouling of said surface, said measurement electrode lacking enzymes immobilized on said surface; and an output device for outputting measured patient parameters. - View Dependent Claims (22, 23, 24)
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25. A method of measuring the redox potential of a biological or environmental sample, comprising the steps of:
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calibrating a reduction-oxidation (redox) measurement system by contacting a universal measurement electrode comprised of gold with a surface derivatized with an electron transport promoter in a sufficient quantity to eliminate or reduce effects of biofouling of said surface, said measurement electrode lacking enzymes immobilized on said surface, and a reference electrode with a phosphate buffered saline solution or hydrogel of known pH saturated with a redox pair of known potential; and using a high-input impedance meter to measure the redox potential at said measurement electrode when in contact with said phosphate buffered saline solution or hydrogel; and
thencontacting a biological or environmental fluid or tissue with said universal measurement electrode and said reference electrode; and using a high input impedance meter to measure the redox potential at said measurement electrode. - View Dependent Claims (26)
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27. A method for calibrating an in-dwelling universal reduction-oxidation (redox) sensor, comprising the steps of:
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providing two universal measurement electrodes, each comprised of gold with a surface derivatized with an electron transport promoter in a sufficient quantity to eliminate or reduce effects of biofouling of said surface, said measurement electrode lacking enzymes immobilized on said surface; maintaining a stable redox couple solution entrapped within a swollen, in situ, highly cross-linked hydrogel located directly on a first electrode of said two universal measurement electrodes; using a second electrode of said two universal measurement electrodes as an indicator electrode; continuously or periodically monitoring redox measurements with said first and said second electrodes of said two universal measurement electrodes, and using said first of said two universal measurement electrodes as a calibration check of said second of said two universal measurement electrodes.
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Specification