ENZYMES IMMOBILIZED IN HYDROPHOBICALLY MODIFIED POLYSACCHARIDES
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Abstract
Bioanodes, biocathodes, biofuel cells, immobilized enzymes and immobilization materials comprising a micellar hydrophobically modified polysaccharide are disclosed. In particular, the micellar hydrophobically modified polysaccharide can be a hydrophobically modified chitosan or a hydrophobically modified alginate.
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Citations
92 Claims
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1-71. -71. (canceled)
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72. A bioanode comprising
(a) an electron conductor; -
(b) at least one anode enzyme capable of reacting with an oxidized form of an electron mediator and the fuel fluid to produce an oxidized form of the fuel fluid and a reduced form of the electron mediator, the reduced form of the electron mediator being capable of releasing electrons to the electron conductor; and (c) an enzyme immobilization material being permeable to the fuel fluid and the electron mediator; wherein said enzyme immobilization material comprises a hydrophobically modified polysaccharide. - View Dependent Claims (73, 74, 75, 76, 83)
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77. A bioanode comprising
(a) an electron conductor; -
(b) at least one anode enzyme capable of reacting with an oxidized form of an electron mediator and the fuel fluid to produce an oxidized form of the fuel fluid and a reduced form of the electron mediator; (c) an enzyme immobilization material being permeable to the fuel fluid and the electron mediator; and (d) an electrocatalyst adjacent the electron conductor, an oxidized form of the electrocatalyst being capable of reacting with the reduced form of the electron mediator to produce an oxidized form of the electron mediator and a reduced form of the electrocatalyst, the reduced form of the electrocatalyst being capable of releasing electrons to the electron conductor; wherein said enzyme immobilization material comprises a hydrophobically modified polysaccharide.
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78. A biocathode comprising:
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(a) an electron conductor; (b) at least one cathode enzyme capable of reacting with a reduced form of an electron mediator and an oxidant to produce an oxidized form of the electron mediator and water; and (c) an enzyme immobilization material comprising an electrocatalyst, an electron mediator, or an electrocatalyst and an electron mediator, the enzyme immobilization material being permeable to the oxidant, an oxidized form of the electrocatalyst being capable of gaining electrons from the electron conductor to produce a reduced form of the electrocatalyst that is capable of reacting with an oxidized form of the electron mediator to produce a reduced form of the electron mediator and an oxidized form of the electrocatalyst; wherein said enzyme immobilization material comprises a hydrophobically modified polysaccharide. - View Dependent Claims (79, 80, 81, 84, 85)
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82. A biocathode comprising:
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(a) an electron conductor; (b) at least one cathode enzyme capable of reacting with a reduced form of an electron mediator and an oxidant to produce an oxidized form of the electron mediator and water; and (c) an enzyme immobilization material comprising the electron mediator, the enzyme immobilization material being permeable to the oxidant, an oxidized form of the electron mediator being capable of gaining electrons from the electron conductor to produce a reduced form of the electron mediator; wherein said enzyme immobilization material comprises a hydrophobically modified polysaccharide.
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- 86. An enzyme immobilized in a micellar hydrophobically modified polysaccharide, the micellar hydrophobically modified polysaccharide being capable of immobilizing and stabilizing the enzyme, the micellar hydrophobically modified polysaccharide being permeable to a compound smaller than the enzyme.
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91. A micellar hydrophobic redox mediator modified chitosan having a structure corresponding to Formula 1A
wherein n is an integer; -
R10a is independently hydrogen, or a hydrophobic redox mediator; and R11a is independently hydrogen or a hydrophobic redox mediator. - View Dependent Claims (92)
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Specification