DIGITAL AUTHENTICATION OVER ACOUSTIC CHANNEL

• US 20090141890A1
• Filed: 02/03/2009
• Published: 06/04/2009
• Est. Priority Date: 02/15/2002
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Qualcomm, Inc.
• Original Assignee: Qualcomm, Inc.
• Inventors: Jalali, Ahmad, Gantman, Alexander, Rose, Gregory G., Steenstra, Jack, Noerenberg, John W. II
• Granted Patent: US 8,391,480 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 380/44
• CPC Class Codes: G06Q 20/3272 using an audio code
• CPC Class Codes: G06Q 20/341 Active cards, i.e. cards including their own processing means, e.g. including an IC or chip
• CPC Class Codes: G06Q 20/346 Cards serving only as information carrier of service
• CPC Class Codes: G06Q 20/367 involving electronic purses or money safes
• CPC Class Codes: G06Q 20/3672 initialising or reloading thereof
• CPC Class Codes: G06Q 20/3674 involving authentication
• CPC Class Codes: G06Q 20/3821 Electronic credentials
• CPC Class Codes: G06Q 20/3829 involving key management
• CPC Class Codes: G06Q 20/4014 Identity check for transactions
• CPC Class Codes: G06Q 20/40975 using encryption therefor
• CPC Class Codes: G07F 19/20 Automatic teller machines [ATMs]
• CPC Class Codes: G07F 7/1008 Active credit-cards provided with means to personalise their use, e.g. with PIN-introduction/comparison system
• CPC Class Codes: G07F 7/1016 Devices or methods for securing the PIN and other transaction-data, e.g. by encryption arrangements for secret communication, see H04L9/00
• CPC Class Codes: G07F 7/1025 Identification of user by a PIN code
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 2209/80 Wireless
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 2463/082 applying multi-factor authentication
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 63/0853 using an additional device, e.g. smartcard, SIM or a different communication terminal cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for entity authentication involving additional secure or trusted devices H04L9/3234
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 9/3226 using a predetermined code, e.g. password, passphrase or PIN network architectures or network communication protocols for supporting authentication of entities using passwords in a packet data network H04L63/083
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 9/3234 involving additional secure or trusted devices, e.g. TPM, smartcard, USB or software token network architectures or network communication protocols for supporting authentication of entities using an additional device in a packet data network H04L63/0853
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 12/069 using certificates or pre-shared keys
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 12/65 : Environment-dependent, e.g. using captured environmental data

Abstract

Apparatus and method are disclosed for digital authentication and verification. In one embodiment, authentication involves storing a cryptographic key and a look up table (LUT), generating an access code using the cryptographic key; generating multiple parallel BPSK symbols based upon the access code; converting the BPSK symbols into multiple tones encoded with the access code using the LUT; and outputting the multiple tones encoded with the access code for authentication. In another embodiment, verification involves receiving multiple tones encoded with an access code; generating multiple parallel BPSK symbols from the multiple tones; converting the BPSK symbols into an encoded interleaved bit stream of the access code; de-interleaving the encoded interleaved bit stream; and recovering the access code from the encoded de-interleaved bit stream.

Claims

1. A machine readable medium having one or more instructions for use in authentication, which when executed by a processor causes the processor to:

store a cryptographic key and a look up table (LUT);

generate an access code using the cryptographic key;

generate multiple parallel binary phase shift keying kBPSK) symbols based upon the access code;

convert the BPSK symbols into multiple tones encoded with the access code using the LUT; and

output the multiple tones encoded with the access code for authentication.

2. The machine-readable medium of claim 1, having one or more instructions which when executed by a processor causes the processor to further:

repeat the BPSK symbols a selected number of times before converting the BPSK symbols.

3. The machine-readable medium of claim 2, wherein repeating the BPSK symbols comprises repeating a set of three BPSK symbols the selected number of times;

and

wherein converting the BPSK symbols comprises converting each set of three BPSK symbols into the multiple tones using the LUT.

4. The machine-readable medium of claim 1 having one or more instructions which when executed by a processor causes the processor to further:

add to the multiple tones, reference tones with reference phases; and

output the reference tones with the multiple tones.

5. The machine-readable medium of claim 1 having one or more instructions which when executed by a processor causes the processor to further:

generate time elements; and

wherein generating the access code comprises generating the access code using the cryptographic key and a time element.

6. The machine-readable medium of claim 1, having one or more instructions which when executed by a processor causes the processor to further:

receive a user command; and

wherein generating the access code comprises generating the access code when the user command is received.

7. The machine-readable medium of claim 1, having one or more instructions which when executed by a processor causes the processor to further:

amplify the multiple tones before outputting the multiple tones.

8. The machine-readable medium of claim 1, having one or more instructions which when executed by a processor causes the processor to further:

receive a personal identification number (PIN);

convert the PIN into multiple tones encoded with the PIN; and

output the multiple tones encoded with the PIN for authentication.

9. A machine readable medium having one or more instructions for use in authentication, which when executed by a processor causes the processor to:

store a cryptographic key;

generate an access code using the cryptographic key;

generate multiple parallel binary phase shift keying (BPSK) symbols based upon the access code;

repeat the BPSK symbols a selected number of times before converting the BPSK symbols;

perform inverse fast fourier transform (IFFT) on the repeated BPSK symbols to generate IFFT symbols;

modulate the IFFT symbols into the multiple tones encoded with the accesscode; and

output the multiple tones encoded with the access code for authentication.

10. The machine-readable medium of claim 9, wherein repeating the BPSK symbols comprises repeating a set of three BPSK symbols the selected number of times;

and

wherein converting the BPSK symbols comprises converting each set of three BPSK symbols into the multiple tones using the LUT.

11. A machine readable medium having one or more instructions for use in verification, which when executed by a processor causes the processor to:

receive multiple tones encoded with an access code;

generate multiple parallel BPSK symbols from the multiple tones;

convert the BPSK symbols into an encoded interleaved bit stream of the access code;

de-interleave the encoded interleaved bit stream; and

recover the access code from the encoded de-interleaved bit stream.

12. The machine-readable medium of claim 11, wherein performing FFT comprises generating repeated BPSK symbols;

wherein the method further comprises generating a selected set of BPSK symbols from the repeated BPSK symbols; and

wherein performing the BPSK comprises converting the selected set of BPSK symbols into the encoded interleaved bit stream.

13. The machine-readable medium of claim 12, wherein performing the FFT comprises converting the IFFT symbols into repeated sets of three BPSK symbols;

and

wherein generating the selected set of BPSK symbols comprises selecting three BPSK symbols from the repeated sets of three BPSK symbols to generate the selected set of BPSK symbols.

14. The machine-readable medium of claim 12, wherein performing the FFT comprises converting the IFFT symbols into repeated sets of three BPSK symbols;

and

wherein generating the selected set of BPSK symbols comprises selecting one of the repeated sets of three BPSK symbols to generate the selected set of BPSK symbols.

15. The machine-readable medium of claim 11, having one or more instructions which when executed by a processor causes the processor to further:

store a cryptographic key;

verify the access code using the cryptographic key; and

grant access if the access code is verified.

16. The machine-readable medium of claim 11, having one or more instructions which when executed by a processor causes the processor to further:

receive multiple tones encoded with a personal identification number (PIN);

recover the PIN from the multiple tones encoded with the PIN; and

grant access if the access code and the PIN are verified.

17. The machine-readable medium of claim 11, having one or more instructions which when executed by a processor causes the processor to further:

generate time elements; and

wherein verifying the access code comprises verifying the access code using the cryptographic key and a time element.