OPTICAL DNA BASED ON NON-DETERMINISTIC ERRORS

• US 20090158044A1
• Filed: 02/20/2009
• Published: 06/18/2009
• Est. Priority Date: 03/22/2007
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Microsoft Technology Licensing LLC (Microsoft Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Microsoft Corporation
• Inventors: Kirovski, Darko
• Granted Patent: US 8,837,721 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 713/176
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 20/00086 Circuits for prevention of unauthorised reproduction or copying, e.g. piracy indicating unauthorised use of record carriers in general G11B23/28; scrambling for television signal recording H04N5/913; network architectures or network protocols for network security H04L63/00; cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communication H04L9/00
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 20/00123 the record carrier being identified by recognising some of its unique characteristics, e.g. a unique defect pattern serving as a physical signature of the record carrier
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 20/00963 wherein said defects or errors are not generated on purpose, e.g. random defect patterns occurring during the normal manufacture
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 2220/2562 DVDs [digital versatile discs]; Digital video discs; MMCDs; HDCDs
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 2209/56 Financial cryptography, e.g. electronic payment or e-cash
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 2209/60 Digital content management, e.g. content distribution
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 2209/68 Special signature format, e.g. XML format
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 9/3247 involving digital signatures

Abstract

The claimed subject matter relates to architectures and/or mechanisms that can facilitate issuing, embedding and verification of an optical DNA (o-DNA) signature. A first mechanism is provided for obtaining a set of manufacturing errors inherent in an optical media instance. These errors can be non-deterministic and can be encoded into the o-DNA that can be cryptographically signed with a private key, and then embedded into the source optical media instance. A second mechanism is provided that can decrypt the o-DNA with a public key and compare the authenticated errors to the observed errors to ascertain whether the optical media instance is authentic as opposed to a forgery or counterfeit.

Claims

1. A system that issues an optical DNA (o-DNA) signature to facilitate authentication of optical media, comprising:

an examination component that identifies error data that is limited to a set of non-deterministic manufacturing errors extant on an optical media instance, the examination component employs the error data to construct an error fingerprint representative of the optical media instance; and

an issuing component that generates an o-DNA signature for the optical media instance based at least in part upon the error fingerprint.

2. The system of claim 1, the examination component identifies each manufacturing error included in the set of non-deterministic manufacturing errors when a signal floor change occurs approximately half-way between two legal integer clock cycles.

3. The system of claim 1, the examination component identifies each manufacturing error included in the set of non-deterministic manufacturing errors with a probability that is substantially 0.5 for a read operation in connection with the optical media instance.

4. The system of claim 1, the examination component reads a specific portion of the optical media instance n times, where n is a positive integer, and further selects errors detected approximately n/2 times in order to identify the set of non-deterministic manufacturing errors.

5. The system of claim 1, the examination component manages or controls an adjustable laser that is adjusted to facilitate multiple reader configurations.

6. The system of claim 5, the examination component modifies the adjustable laser to emulate a first configuration that corresponds to a first set of commercial readers and further modifies the adjustable laser to emulate a second configuration that corresponds to a second set of commercial readers.

7. The system of claim 5, the issuing component generates a first o-DNA signature based upon the first configuration and a second o-DNA signature based upon the second configuration.

8. The system of claim 6, the first o-DNA signature or a portion thereof is cryptographically signed with multiple first private keys, wherein each first private key relates to a particular issuer associated with a member of the first set of commercial readers;

and the second o-DNA signature or a portion thereof is cryptographically signed with multiple second private keys, wherein each second private key relates to a certain issuer associated with a member of the second set of commercial readers.

9. The system of claim 1, further comprising an impression component that embeds one or more o-DNA signatures in the optical media instance.

10. The system of claim 9, the impression component is included in or operatively coupled to manufacturing equipment suitable for producing the optical media instance or a negative associated therewith, the impression component further embeds the one or more o-DNA signatures during a post-production process.

11. The system of claim 10, the impression component determines a location within the negative to place a pit or a gap that is associated with a signal floor change at a midpoint between two legal clock cycles in order to facilitate intentional introduction of one or more type 3 non-deterministic errors into optical media instances produced with the negative.

13. The system of claim 1, the non-deterministic error data is obtained from a specific portion of the optical media instance that is read n times, where n is a positive integer, and the non-deterministic error data includes errors in the specific portion that are detected approximately n/2 times.

12. A system that verifies an o-DNA signature to facilitate authentication of optical media, comprising:

a receiving component that obtains information read from an optical media instance, the information comprising (1) at least one o-DNA signature associated with an authentic optical media instance, and (2) non-deterministic error data associated with the optical media instance; and

a verification component that compares the o-DNA signature to the non-deterministic error data.

14. The system of claim 12, the information includes a set of o-DNA signatures, and the verification component selects an appropriate o-DNA signature from the set of o-DNA signatures based upon an ID associated with a host optical media reader.

15. The system of claim 12, the verification component employs a public key that relates to an issuer associated with a host optical media reader to decrypts an o-DNA signature read from the optical media instance.

16. The system of claim 12, further comprising a notification component that transmits a notification that the optical media instance is not authentic.

17. A method for facilitating authentication of optical media instances, comprising:

employing impression-based manufacturing equipment suitable for fabricating optical media instances for producing an optical media instance;

examining a set of non-deterministic manufacturing errors extant on the optical media instance;

constructing an o-DNA signature that encodes a pattern of at least a subset of the set of non-deterministic manufacturing errors; and

embedding the o-DNA signature into the optical media instance.

18. The method of claim 17, further comprising constructing a set of o-DNA signatures, wherein each o-DNA signature in the set of o-DNA signatures corresponds to at least one of a particular optical media reader manufacturer, a particular optical media reader make or model, or a grouping of similarly configured optical media readers.

19. The method of claim 17, signing cryptographically the o-DNA signature with a key associated with an issuer, wherein the issuer is at least one of an author or rights-holder of content stored on the optical media instance, a manufacturer of the optical media instance, or an agent of the author, the rights-holder, or the manufacturer.

20. The method of claim 17, further comprising at least one of the following acts:

producing a negative for use with fabricating the optical media instance;

determining a location within the negative to place a type 3 deterministic error;

or

inserting in the negative a pit or a gap substantially corresponding to a midway point between two legal clock cycles at the location.