SMART PEDICLE TOOL

• US 20090163901A1
• Filed: 12/19/2007
• Published: 06/25/2009
• Est. Priority Date: 12/19/2007
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Depuy Spine Incorporated (Johnson & Johnson)
• Original Assignee: Depuy Spine Incorporated (Johnson & Johnson)
• Inventors: Hawkins, John Riley, Fisher, Michael A., Birkmeyer, Paul, Herard, Katherine, Upal, Anwar
• Granted Patent: US 8,249,696 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 606/16
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 17/7032 Screws or hooks with U-shaped head or back through which longitudinal rods pass
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2017/00061 spectrum
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2090/306 using optical fibres
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 34/20 Surgical navigation systems; Devices for tracking or guiding surgical instruments, e.g. for frameless stereotaxis

Abstract

Various methods and devices are provided for navigating through bone. In one embodiment, a bone navigation device is provided and includes a bone penetrating member configured to be implanted in bone and having at least one optical waveguide extending therethrough. The optical waveguide is adapted to illuminate tissue surrounding the device and to receive reflected/transmitted light from the tissue to determine the optical characteristics of the tissue, thus facilitating navigation through the tissue. At least one window can be formed in the bone penetrating member for allowing light from the at least one optical waveguide to illuminate the tissue, and for receiving the reflected light.

Claims

1. A bone navigation device, comprising:

a bone penetrating device adapted to penetrate bone and having at least one optical waveguide extending therethrough and configured to emit light in the visible to near infrared range to illuminate bone and receive reflected light from the bone to determine the optical characteristics of the bone; and

at least one window formed in the bone penetrating device adapted to allow light from the at least one optical waveguide to illuminate the bone.

2. The device of claim 1, wherein the one or more optical waveguides comprises first and second optical waveguides, the first optical waveguide being configured to illuminate bone and the second optical waveguide being configured to receive light reflected from the illuminated bone.

3. The device of claim 1, wherein the optical waveguide comprises an optical fiber.

4. The device of claim 2, further comprising a processor coupled to the one or more optical waveguides and configured to collect data from the second optical waveguide for determining the optical characteristics of bone from which the light is transmitted or reflected.

5. The device of claim 1, further comprising a signaling mechanism disposed on the bone penetrating device configured to provide distinct signals based on the determined optical characteristics of the bone.

6. The device of claim 1, wherein the bone penetrating device is a bone implant.

7. The device of claim 6, wherein the bone implant is a bone screw.

8. A method of navigating bone, comprising:

driving a bone penetrating device into bone;

illuminating tissue surrounding the bone penetrating device with light from at least one optical waveguide extending through the bone penetrating device;

detecting light reflected back from the tissue to determine the optical characteristics of the tissue; and

navigating through the bone based on the optical characteristics of the tissue.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein the light has a known wavelength.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein determining the optical characteristics of the tissue includes comparing a wavelength of light reflected back from the tissue with known values indicating tissue composition.

11. The method of claim 8, furthering comprising implanting an implant into the bone based on the determined optical characteristics of the tissue.

12. The method of claim 8, wherein determining the composition of the tissue includes determining whether the tissue is cortical bone, bone marrow, trabecular bone, soft tissue, neural tissue, or non-bone tissue.

13. The method of claim 8, further comprising repositioning the bone penetrating device axially to determine the composition of tissue at a plurality of depths.

14. The method of claim 8, further comprising repositioning the bone penetrating device radially to determine the composition of tissue at a plurality of locations axially surrounding the bone penetrating device.

15. The method of claim 11, wherein a signal is generated indicating a portion of the tissue into which the component can be implanted.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein the bone penetrating device includes an LED, and the signal involves illuminating the LED.

17. The method of claim 11, wherein a warning signal indicates a portion of the bone into which the component cannot be implanted.