BIOSENSOR ELECTRODE MEDIATORS FOR REGENERATION OF COFACTORS
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Abstract
The present invention is based on the discovery of NAD+ and NADP+ mediator compounds that do not bind irreversibly to thiol groups in the active sites of intracellular dehydrogenase enzymes. Such mediator compounds avoid a common mode of enzyme inhibition. The mediators can therefore increase the stability and reliability of the electrical response in amperometric electrodes constructed from NAD- or NADP-dependent enzymes.
41 Citations
33 Claims
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1-11. -11. (canceled)
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12. A biosensor strip comprising:
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(a) an electrode support; (b) a first electrode disposed on said electrode support, said first electrode being a working electrode, said working electrode comprising a working ink deposited on an electrically conductive material, wherein said working ink comprises an enzyme and complex comprising a mediator and a transition metal ion, wherein said mediator compound comprises one of the following two formulae; where X and Y can independently be oxygen, sulphur, CR3R4, NR3, or NR3R4+ or the functional group CZ1Z2, where Z1 and Z2 are electron withdrawing groups;
R1 and R2 can independently be a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic or heteroaromatic group; and
R3 and R4 can independently be a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, amino, alkoxyl, or aryloxyl group;(c) a second electrode disposed on said electrode support, said second electrode being a reference electrode; and (d) a third electrode disposed on said electrode support, said third electrode being a counter electrode, said counter electrode comprising an electrically conductive material. - View Dependent Claims (13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20)
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21. A biosensor strip comprising:
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(a) an electrode support; (b) a first electrode, said first electrode being a working electrode, said working electrode comprising working ink deposited on an electrically conductive material, wherein said working ink comprises an enzyme and a complex comprising a mediator and a transition metal ion, wherein said mediator compound comprises one of the following two formulae; where X and Y can independently be oxygen, sulphur, CR3R4, NR3, or NR3R4+ or the functional group CZ1Z2, where Z1 and Z2 are electron withdrawing groups;
R1 and R2 can independently be a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic or heteroaromatic group; and
R3 and R4 can independently be a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, amino, alkoxyl, or aryloxyl group; and(c) a second electrode, said second electrode being a dual-purpose reference/counter electrode. - View Dependent Claims (22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27)
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28. A biosensor strip comprising:
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(a) an electrode support; (b) an electrode arrangement comprising at least two electrodes, one of said at least two electrodes being a working electrode, said working electrode disposed on said electrode support, said working electrode comprising a reaction layer comprising an enzyme and a complex comprising a mediator and a transition metal ion, wherein said mediator compound comprises one of the following two formulae; where X and Y can independently be oxygen, sulphur, CR3R4, NR3, or NR3R4+ or the functional group CZ1Z2, where Z1 and Z2 are electron withdrawing groups;
R1 and R2 can independently be a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic or heteroaromatic group; and
R3 and R4 can independently be a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, amino, alkoxyl, or aryloxyl group; and(c) another of said at least two electrodes being a counter electrode, said counter electrode disposed on said electrode support. - View Dependent Claims (29, 30, 31, 32, 33)
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Specification