Azaindoles useful as inhibitors of JAK and other protein kinases

• US 20090176763A1
• Filed: 11/19/2008
• Published: 07/09/2009
• Est. Priority Date: 03/30/2004
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated
• Original Assignee: Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated
• Inventors: Binch, Hayley, Court, John, Come, Jon, Farmer, Luc, Wang, Tiansheng, Pierce, Albert, Green, Jeremy, Fraysse, Damien, Boyall, Dean, Charrier, Jean-Damien, Mortimore, Michael, Wang, Jian, Aronov, Alex, Everitt, Simon, Lauffer, David, Pierard, Francoise, Robinson, Daniel, Harrington, Edmund, Pinder, Joanne, Bethiel, Randy, Salituro, Francesco
• Granted Patent: US 8,188,281 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 514/217.60
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 31/437 the heterocyclic ring system containing a five-membered ring having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. indolizine, beta-carboline
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 31/444 containing a six-membered ring with nitrogen as a ring heteroatom, e.g. amrinone
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 31/496 Non-condensed piperazines containing further heterocyclic rings, e.g. rifampin, thiothixene or sparfloxacin
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 31/506 not condensed and containing further heterocyclic rings
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 31/5377 not condensed and containing further heterocyclic rings, e.g. timolol
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 31/55 having seven-membered rings, e.g. azelastine, pentylenetetrazole
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 31/551 having two nitrogen atoms, e.g. dilazep
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 31/695 Silicon compounds
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 45/06 Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 1/04 for ulcers, gastritis or reflux esophagitis, e.g. antacids, inhibitors of acid secretion, mucosal protectants
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 1/16 for liver or gallbladder disorders, e.g. hepatoprotective agents, cholagogues, litholytics
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 1/18 for pancreatic disorders, e.g. pancreatic enzymes
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 11/00 Drugs for disorders of the respiratory system
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 11/06 Antiasthmatics
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 13/08 of the prostate
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 13/12 of the kidneys
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 15/00 Drugs for genital or sexual disorders for disorders of sex hormones A61P5/24; Contraceptives
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 15/06 Antiabortive agents; Labour repressants
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 15/10 for impotence
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 17/00 Drugs for dermatological disorders
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 17/02 : for treating wounds, ulcers, burns, scars, keloids, or the like
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 19/00 : Drugs for skeletal disorders
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 19/02 : for joint disorders, e.g. arthritis, arthrosis
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 19/04 : for non-specific disorders of the connective tissue
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 19/08 : for bone diseases, e.g. rachitism, Paget's disease
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 19/10 : for osteoporosis
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 21/00 : Drugs for disorders of the muscular or neuromuscular system
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 21/02 : Muscle relaxants, e.g. for tetanus or cramps
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 25/00 : Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 25/02 : for peripheral neuropathies
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 25/04 : Centrally acting analgesics, e.g. opioids
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 25/16 : Anti-Parkinson drugs
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 25/18 : Antipsychotics, i.e. neuroleptics; Drugs for mania or schizophrenia
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 25/28 : for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, e.g. nootropic agents, cognition enhancers, drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 27/02 : Ophthalmic agents
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 27/06 : Antiglaucoma agents or miotics
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 29/00 : Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 3/10 : for hyperglycaemia, e.g. antidiabetics
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 31/00 : Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 31/12 : Antivirals
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 31/18 : for HIV
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 35/00 : Antineoplastic agents
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 35/02 : specific for leukemia
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 37/00 : Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 37/02 : Immunomodulators
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 37/06 : Immunosuppressants, e.g. drugs for graft rejection
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 37/08 : Antiallergic agents antiasthmatic agents A61P11/06; ophthalmic antiallergics A61P27/14
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 43/00 : Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 7/00 : Drugs for disorders of the blood or the extracellular fluid
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 7/02 : Antithrombotic agents; Anticoagulants; Platelet aggregation inhibitors
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 9/00 : Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 9/04 : Inotropic agents, i.e. stimulants of cardiac contraction; Drugs for heart failure
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 9/10 : for treating ischaemic or atherosclerotic diseases, e.g. antianginal drugs, coronary vasodilators, drugs for myocardial infarction, retinopathy, cerebrovascula insufficiency, renal arteriosclerosis
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 9/12 : Antihypertensives
• CPC Class Codes: C07D 471/04 : Ortho-condensed systems
• CPC Class Codes: C07D 519/00 : Heterocyclic compounds containing more than one system of two or more relevant hetero rings condensed among themselves or condensed with a common carbocyclic ring system not provided for in groups C07D453/00 or C07D455/00
• CPC Class Codes: C07F 7/0805 : comprising only Si, C or H atoms

Abstract

The present invention relates to inhibitors of protein kinases. The invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds of the invention and methods of using the compositions in the treatment of various disorders.

Claims

1-66. -66. (canceled)

67. A compound of formula (IB)

or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein:

R¹ is T-R′

or is —

Si(R′

)₃;

R², R³, and R⁴ are each independently halogen, CN, NO₂, or V—

R′

;

x is 1, 2 or 3;

each occurrence of R⁵ is independently halogen, CN, NO₂, or U—

R′

, wherein at least one R⁵ is —

N(R′

)₂, —

NR′

CH(CH₂OH)R′

, —

NR′

CH(CH₂CH₂OH)R′

, —

NR′

(CH₂)R′

, —

NR′

(CH₂)₂R′

, NR′

(CH₂)N(R′

)₂, —

NR′

(CH₂)₂N(R′

)₂, —

OR′

, —

NR′

COR′

, —

NR′

COCH₂R′

, or —

NR′

CO(CH₂)₂R′

;

T, V, and U are each independently a bond or an optionally substituted C₁-C₆ alkylidene chain, wherein up to two methylene units of the chain are optionally and independently replaced by —

NR′

—

, —

S—

, —

O—

, —

CS—

, —

CO₂—

, —

OCO—

, —

CO—

, —

COCO—

, —

CONR′

—

, —

NR′

CO—

, —

NR′

CO₂—

, —

SO₂NR′

—

, —

NR′

SO₂—

, —

CONR′

NR′

—

, —

NR′

CONR′

—

, —

OCONR′

—

, —

NR′

NR′

—

, —

NR′

SO₂NR′

—

, —

SO—

, —

SO₂—

, —

PO—

, —

PO₂—

, or —

POR′

—

; and

each occurrence of R′

is independently hydrogen or an optionally substituted group selected from a C₁-C₆ aliphatic group, a 3-8-membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated monocyclic ring having 0-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, or an 8-12 membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated bicyclic ring system having 0-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur;

or two occurrences of R′

, are taken together with the atom(s) to which they are bound to form an optionally substituted 3-12 membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated monocyclic or bicyclic ring having 0-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, provided that;

a) if R², R³ and R⁴ are simultaneously H, then R′

is not Si(R′

)₃; and

b) if R¹, R² and R⁴ are simultaneously H then R³ is not phenyl or phenyl substituted with O-phenyl or N(Me)₂.

68. The compound of claim 67, wherein:

R′

is a C₁-C₆aliphatic group or a 3-8-membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated monocyclic ring having 0-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, or an 8-12 membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated bicyclic ring system having 0-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur;

or two occurrences of R′

are taken together with the atom(s) to which they are bound to form an optionally substituted 3-12 membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated monocyclic or bicyclic ring having 0-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, wherein each occurrence of R′

is optionally substituted with y occurrences of R⁷;

wherein;

each occurrence of R⁷ is independently F, Cl, Br, CN, OH, NH₂, —

CH₂OH, C₁-C₆alkyl, —

O(C₁-C₆alkyl), —

CH₂O(C₁-C₆alkyl), —

CO(C₁-C₆alkyl), —

COO(C₁-C₆alkyl), —

NHSO₂(C₁-C₆alkyl), —

SO₂NH₂, —

CONH₂, —

CON(C₁-C₆alkyl), —

SO₂(C₁-C₆alkyl), —

SO₂-phenyl, phenyl, benzyl, —

N(C₁-C₆alkyl)₂, or —

S(C₁-C₆alkyl), wherein;

each of the phenyl, benzyl, and C₁-C₆alkyl groups of R⁷ is independently and optionally substituted, and wherein;

each of the foregoing C₁-C₆alkyl groups of R⁷ is linear, branched, or cyclic.

69. The compound of claim 67, wherein:

R′

is hydrogen, C₁-C₆alkyl optionally substituted with 1-3 occurrences of R⁷, or is a 5-10-membered monocyclic or bicyclic saturated, partially unsaturated or fully unsaturated ring having 0-4 heteroatoms independently selected. from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, wherein the ring is optionally substituted with 1-3 occurrences of R⁷.

70. The compound of claim 68, wherein:

R′

is hydrogen, C₁-C₄alkyl optionally substituted with 1-3 occurrences of R⁷, or is a ring selected from;

wherein;

y is 0-5 and

R⁷ is ═

O, ═

NR″

, ═

S, halogen, —

CN, —

NO₂, or W—

R″

, wherein;

W is a bond or an optionally substituted C₁-C₆alkylidene chain, wherein up to two methylene units of the chain are optionally and independently replaced by —

NR″

—

, —

S—

, —

O—

, —

CS—

, —

CO₂—

, —

OCO—

, —

CO—

, —

COCO—

, —

CONR″

—

, —

NR″

CO—

, —

NR″

CO₂—

, —

SO₂NR″

—

, —

NR″

SO₂—

, —

CONR″

NR″

—

, —

NR″

CONR″

—

, —

OCONR″

—

, —

NR″

NR″

—

, —

NR″

SO₂NR″

—

, —

SO—

, —

SO₂—

, —

PO—

, —

PO₂—

, or —

POR″

—

, and

each occurrence of R″

is independently hydrogen or an optionally substituted C₁-C₆ aliphatic group, a 3-8-membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated monocyclic ring having 0-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, or an 8-12 membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated bicyclic ring system having 0-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur;

or two occurrences of R″

, are taken together with the atom(s) to which they are bound to form an optionally substituted 3-12 membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated monocyclic or bicyclic ring having 0-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur.

71. The compound of claim 67, wherein:

R′

is hydrogen, C₁-C₄alkyl optionally substituted with 1-3 occurrences of R⁷, or is a ring selected from;

wherein;

y is 0-5 and

R⁷ is ═

O, ═

NR″

, ═

S, halogen, —

CN, —

NO₂, or W—

R″

, wherein;

W is a bond or an optionally substituted C₁-C₆ alkylidene chain, wherein up to two methylene units of the chain are optionally and independently replaced by —

NR″

—

, —

S—

, —

O—

, —

CS—

, —

CO₂—

, —

OCO—

, —

CO—

, —

COCO—

, —

CONR″

—

, —

NR″

CO—

, —

NR″

CO₂—

, —

SO₂NR″

—

, —

NR″

SO₂—

, —

CONR″

NR″

—

, —

NR″

CONR″

—

, —

OCONR″

—

, —

NR″

NR″

—

, —

NR″

SO₂NR″

—

, —

SO—

, —

SO₂—

, —

PO—

, —

PO₂—

, or —

POR″

—

, and

each occurrence of R″

is independently hydrogen or an optionally substituted C₁-C₆ aliphatic group, a 3-8-membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated monocyclic ring having 0-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, or an 8-12 membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated bicyclic ring system having 0-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur;

or two occurrences of R″

, are taken together with the atom(s) to which they are bound to form an optionally substituted 3-12 membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated monocyclic or bicyclic ring having 0-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur.

72. The compound of claim 67, wherein:

R⁵ is —

N(R′

)₂ and the two occurrences of R′

are taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bound to form an optionally substituted 3-10-membered monocyclic or bicyclic heterocyclic ring;

wherein;

in certain embodiments, the ring is selected from;

wherein;

y is 0-5 and

R⁷ is ═

O, ═

NR″

, ═

S, halogen, —

CN, —

NO₂, or W—

R″

, wherein;

W is a bond or an optionally substituted C₁-C₆ alkylidene chain, wherein up to two methylene units of the chain are optionally and independently replaced by —

NR″

—

, —

S—

, —

O—

, —

CS—

, —

CO₂—

, —

OCO—

, —

CO—

, —

COCO—

, —

CONR″

—

, —

NR″

CO—

, —

NR″

CO₂—

, —

SO₂NR″

—

, —

NR″

SO₂—

, —

CONR″

NR″

—

, —

NR″

CONR″

—

, —

OCONR″

—

, —

NR″

NR″

—

, —

NR″

SO₂NR″

—

, —

SO—

, —

SO₂—

, —

PO—

, —

PO₂—

, or —

POR″

—

, and

each occurrence of R″

is independently hydrogen or an optionally substituted C₁-C₆ aliphatic group, a 3-8-membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated monocyclic ring having 0-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, or an 8-12 membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated bicyclic ring system having 0-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur;

or two occurrences of R″

, are taken together with the atom(s) to which they are bound to form an optionally substituted 3-12 membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated monocyclic or bicyclic ring having 0-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur.

73. The compound according to claim 67, wherein:

R² and R⁴ are each independently selected from H, Cl, Br, F, —

CN, —

COOH, —

COOR′

, —

NH₂, —

N(CH₃)₂, —

N(Et)₂, —

N(iPr)₂, —

NHR′

, —

OR′

, —

SR′

, —

O(CH₂)₂OCH₃, —

CONH₂, —

CONHR′

, CON(R′

)₂, —

OH, —

CH₂OH, CH₂NH₂, —

CH₂NHR′

, —

CH₂N(R′

)₂, —

C(R′

)₂N(R′

)₂, —

NHCOCH₃, —

N(R′

)COR′

, —

SO₂NH₂, —

SO₂N(Me)₂, or an optionally substituted group selected from C₁-C₆ aliphatic, C₁-C₆alkyloxy, a 3-8-membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated monocyclic ring having 0-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, or an 8-12 membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated bicyclic ring system having 0-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur.

74. The compound according to claim 73, wherein:

R² and R⁴ are each hydrogen.

75. The compound according to claim 72, wherein:

R′

is selected from hydrogen, C₁-C₄alkyl, —

COR′

, —

SO₂R′

, or —

Si(R′

)₃.

76. The compound according to claim 75, wherein:

R′

is hydrogen.

77. The compound according to claim 67, wherein:

R³ is selected from H, Cl, Br, F, —

CN, —

COOH, —

COOMe, —

NH₂, —

N(R′

)₂, —

NO₂, —

OR′

, —

CON(R′

)₂, —

COOR′

, —

OH, —

SR′

, —

C(R′

)₂OR′

, —

N(R′

)COR′

, —

N(R′

)C(O)OR′

, —

SO₂NH₂, —

SO₂N(R′

)₂, or an optionally substituted group selected from C₁-C₄ aliphatic, C₁-C₄ alkyloxy or —

C≡

C—

C₁-C₄ aliphatic.

78. The compound according to claim 77, wherein:

R³ is selected from H, C1, Br, —

CN, —

COOH, —

COOMe, —

CONHR′

, —

CON(Me)₂, —

CH₂OH, NO₂, —

NH₂ or an optionally substituted C₁-C₄ aliphatic.

79. The compound according to claim 78, wherein:

R³ is selected from Cl, —

Br, —

CN or an optionally substituted C₁-C₄ aliphatic.

80. The compound according to claim 79, wherein:

R³ is Cl.

81. The compound according to any one of claims 67 or 78, wherein:

R¹, R² and R⁴ are hydrogen and

R³ is selected from Cl, —

Br, —

CN or an optionally substituted C₁-C₄ aliphatic.

82. The compound according to claim 67, wherein:

each occurrence of R⁵ is independently selected from R′

, —

CH₂R′

, halogen, CN, NO₂, —

N(R′

)₂, —

CH₂N(R′

)₂, —

OR′

, —

CH₂OR′

, —

SR′

, —

CH₂SR′

, —

COOR′

, —

NR′

COR′

, —

NR′

COR⁸R′

, —

NR′

COOR′

, —

CON(R′

)₂, —

SO₂N(R′

)₂, —

CONR′

R⁸N(R′

)₂, —

OR⁸OR′

, —

OR⁸N(R′

)₂, —

NR′

CH(R⁹)R′

, —

NR′

CH(R⁹)C(O)OR′

, —

N(R′

)R⁸R′

, —

N(R′

)R⁸R′

, —

N(R′

)R′

N(R′

)₂, —

N(R′

) R⁸OR′

, —

NR′

CH(R⁹)R′

, —

NR′

CH₂C(O)N(R′

)₂, or —

NR′

CH(R⁹)C(O)N(R′

)₂, wherein;

R⁸ is an optionally substituted C₁-C₄ alkyl and

R⁹ is an optionally substituted C₁-C₆ aliphatic.

83. The compound according to claim 82, wherein:

each occurrence of R⁵ is independently selected from R′

, —

CH₂R′

, halogen, —

CN, —

NO₂, —

N(R′

)₂, —

CH₂N(R′

)₂, —

OR′

, —

CH₂OR′

, —

SR′

, —

CH₂SR′

, —

COOR′

, —

NR′

COR′

, —

NR′

COCH₂R′

, —

NR′

CO(CH₂)₂R′

, —

NR′

COOR′

, —

CON(R′

)₂, —

SO₂N(R′

)₂, —

CONR′

(CH₂)₂N(R′

)₂, —

CONR(CH₂)₃N(R′

)₂, —

CONR′

(CH₂)₄N(R′

)₂.—

O(CH₂)₂OR′

, O(CH₂)₃OR′

, O(CH₂)₄OR′

, —

O(CH₂)₂N(R′

)₂, —

O(CH₂)₃N(R′

)₂, —

O(CH₂)₄N(R′

)₂, —

NR′

CH(CH₂OR⁹)R′

, —

NR′

CH(CH₂CH₂OR⁹)R′

, —

NR′

CH(CH₃)R′

, NR′

CH(CF₃)R′

, —

NR′

CH(CH₃)C(O)OR′

, —

NR′

CH(CF₃)C(O)OR′

, —

NR′

(CH₂)R′

, —

NR′

(CH₂)₂R′

, —

NR′

(CH₂)₃R′

, —

NR′

(CH₂)₄R′

, —

NR′

(CH₂)N(R′

)₂, —

NR′

(CH₂)₂N(R′

)₂, —

NR′

(CH₂)₃N(R′

)₂, —

NR′

(CH₂)₄N(R′

)₂, —

NR′

(CH₂)OR′

, —

NR′

(CH₂)₂OR′

, —

NR′

(CH₂)₃OR′

, —

NR′

(CH₂)₄OR′

, —

NR′

CH(CH₂CH₃)R′

, —

NR′

CH₂C(O)N(R′

)₂, —

NR′

CH(CH₃)C(O)N(R′

)₂, NR′

CH(CF₃)C(O)N(R′

)₂, —

NR′

CH(CH₂CH₃)C(O)N(R′

)₂, —

NR′

CH(CH(CH₃)₂)C(O)N(R′

)₂, —

NR′

CH(C(CH₃)₃)C(O)N(R′

)₂, —

NR′

CH(CH₂CH(CH₃)₂)C(O)N(R′

)₂, —

NR′

CH(CH₂OR⁹)C(O)N(R′

)₂ or —

NR′

CH(CH₂CH₂N(Me)₂)C(O)N(R′

)₂.

84. The compound according to claim 82, wherein:

at least one occurrence of R⁵ is independently selected from —

NHR′

, —

NH(CH₂)R′

, —

NH(CH₂)₂R′

, —

NHCH(CH₃)R′

, —

NHCH₂C(O)NHR′

, —

NHCH(CH₃)C(O)NHR′

, —

NHCH(CH₂CH₃)C(O)NHR′

, —

NHCH(CH(CH₃)₂)C(O)NHR′

, —

NHCH(C(CH₃)₃)C(O)NHR′

, —

NHCH(CH₂CH(CH₃)₂)C(O)NHR′

, —

NHCH(CH₂OH)C(O)NHR′

, —

NHCH(CH₂OMe)C(O)NHR′

or —

NHCH(CH₂CH₂N(Me)₂)C(O)NHR′

, wherein;

R′

is an optionally substituted phenyl.

85. The compound according to claim 82, wherein:

at least one occurrence of R⁵ is H, halogen, CH₃, CF₃, COOH, COOMe or OR′

, wherein;

R′

is C₁-C₄ aliphatic.

86. The compound according to claim 82, wherein:

x is 2 or 3 and

at least one occurrence of R⁵ is F.

89. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound according to any one of claims 67 or 88 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, adjuvant, or vehicle.

90. The composition of claim 89, further comprising an additional therapeutic agent selected from a chemotherapeutic or anti-proliferative agent, a treatment for Alzheimer'"'"'s Disease, a treatment for Parkinson'"'"'s Disease, an agent for treating Multiple Sclerosis (MS), a treatment for asthma, an agent for treating schizophrenia, an anti-inflammatory agent, an immunomodulatory or immunosuppressive agent, a neurotrophic factor, an agent for treating cardiovascular disease, an agent for treating destructive bone disorders, an agent for treating liver disease, an agent for treating a blood disorder, or an agent for treating an immunodeficiency disorder.

88. A compound selected from: