Multiple Antenna Energy Harvesting

• US 20090207000A1
• Filed: 04/02/2009
• Published: 08/20/2009
• Est. Priority Date: 01/05/2006
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: University of Pittsburgh of The Commonwealth System of Higher Education
• Original Assignee: University of Pittsburgh of The Commonwealth System of Higher Education
• Inventors: Mickle, Marlin H., Mi, Minhong, Mats, Leonid
• Granted Patent: US 7,791,557 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 340/10.340
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 19/0707 the arrangement being capable of collecting energy from external energy sources, e.g. thermocouples, vibration, electromagnetic radiation G06K19/0702 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/001 Energy harvesting or scavenging
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/20 using microwaves or radio frequency waves
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/27 characterised by the type of receiving antennas, e.g. rectennas
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/402 the two or more transmitting or the two or more receiving devices being integrated in the same unit, e.g. power mats with several coils or antennas with several sub-antennas

Abstract

Energy harvesting circuits and associated methods are provided that employ multiple antennas to optimize the amount of energy that is harvested while at the same time making efficient use of tag space. In some embodiments, matching networks are chosen in a manner that optimizes the DC energy that is created from the harvesting process. In other embodiments, phase shifts are introduced into the received signals to allow the signals to be more efficiently combined after they are rectified.

Claims

1. An energy harvesting circuit, comprising:

a plurality of antennas, each of said antennas being tuned to the same particular RF frequency range, each of said antennas being structured to receive an RF signal having said particular RF frequency range and output a respective AC signal;

a plurality of matching networks, each of said matching networks being operatively coupled to a respective one of said antennas and being structured to receive the AC signal output by said respective one of said antennas; and

a plurality of voltage boosting and rectifying circuits, each of said voltage boosting and rectifying circuits being operatively coupled to a respective one of said matching networks and being structured to receive the AC signal received by the respective one of said matching networks and output a DC voltage signal by converting the received AC signal into the DC voltage signal;

wherein the DC voltage signals output by the voltage boosting and rectifying circuits are summed together to create a combined DC voltage signal, wherein each of said matching networks is an LC tank circuit and wherein an impedance of each of the matching networks is chosen in manner so as to maximize a voltage level of the DC voltage signal that is output by the associated one of the voltage boosting and rectifying circuits by, for each LC tank circuit of each of the matching networks;

(i) trying a plurality of different inductance and capacitance value combinations for the LC tank circuit, (ii) measuring the voltage level of the DC voltage signal that is output by the associated one of the voltage boosting and rectifying circuits for each of the inductance and capacitance value combinations, and (iii) choosing one of the inductance and capacitance value combinations that produces a maximum voltage level of the DC voltage signal that is output by the associated one of the voltage boosting and rectifying circuits.

2. The energy harvesting circuit according to claim 1, wherein each of said voltage boosting and rectifying circuits is a charge pump.

3. The energy harvesting circuit according to claim 1, wherein each of said antennas is a square spiral antenna having an outermost segment, a middle segment and an innermost segment, wherein a length of each outermost segment of is equal to about a quarter of the wavelength of the particular RF frequency or center frequency of the band of RF frequencies included in said particular RF frequency range, wherein a total length of each square spiral antenna is equal to about one half of said wavelength, and wherein the outermost segment of each of said antennas is operatively coupled to the associated one of said matching networks.

4. The energy harvesting circuit according to claim 3, wherein each square spiral antenna alone occupies a first spatial area, and wherein said antennas are provided in an antenna layout that occupies a second spatial area that is less than two times said first spatial area.

5. An energy harvesting circuit, comprising:

a plurality of antennas, each of said antennas being tuned to the same particular RF frequency range, each of said antennas being structured to receive an RF signal having said particular RF frequency range and output a respective AC signal;

a plurality of matching networks, each of said matching networks being operatively coupled to a respective one of said antennas and being structured to receive the AC signal output by said respective one of said antennas; and

a plurality of voltage boosting and rectifying circuits, each of said voltage boosting and rectifying circuits being operatively coupled to a respective one of said matching networks and being structured to receive the AC signal received by the respective one of said matching networks and output a DC voltage signal by converting the received AC signal into the DC voltage signal;

wherein the DC voltage signals output by the voltage boosting and rectifying circuits are summed together to create a combined DC voltage signal, and wherein an impedance of each of the matching networks is chosen in manner so as to maximize a voltage level of the DC voltage signal that is output by the associated one of the voltage boosting and rectifying circuits; and

wherein each of said antennas is a square spiral antenna having an outermost segment, a middle segment and an innermost segment, wherein a length of each outermost segment of is equal to about a quarter of the wavelength of the particular RF frequency or center frequency of the band of RF frequencies included in said particular RF frequency range, wherein a total length of each square spiral antenna is equal to about one half of said wavelength, and wherein the outermost segment of each of said antennas is operatively coupled to the associated one of said matching networks.

6. The energy harvesting circuit according to claim 5, wherein each of said voltage boosting and rectifying circuits is a charge pump.

7. The energy harvesting circuit according to claim 5, wherein each of said matching networks is an LC tank circuit.

8. The energy harvesting circuit according to claim 5, wherein each square spiral antenna alone occupies a first spatial area, and wherein said antennas are provided in an antenna layout that occupies a second spatial area that is less than two times said first spatial area.