Organic Rankine Cycle Mechanically and Thermally Coupled to an Engine Driving a Common Load
First Claim
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1. Apparatus, comprising:
- a load (21);
an internal combustion engine (19) having a shaft (20) through which it delivers torque to the load, said engine having an air inlet receiving air from a source (51), said engine having exhaust (24) passing through a heat exchanger (25);
an organic Rankine cycle subsystem including a turbine (28) having a shaft (20, 20a) coupled to said engine shaft and having an organic Rankine cycle working fluid that is vaporized in said heat exchanger;
characterized by;
said organic Rankine cycle working fluid being preheated (45-48), before vaporization, by heat extracted from one or more engine fluids of said engine, to thereby cool the engine, said heat exchanger comprising an evaporator (25) for heating the organic Rankine cycle working fluid with engine exhaust (24), said evaporator having a serpentine organic Rankine cycle fluid flow conduit (120) with exhaust pressure pulse reducing fins (121, 122) disposed on said conduit;
an air conditioning subcycle system having a coolant compressor (107) mechanically coupled to said shaft (20), a coolant condenser (109) receiving coolant flow from said compressor, an expansion valve (113) passing coolant flow from said coolant condenser, and an evaporator (45a) in fluid communication between the expansion valve and the compressor, said evaporator comprising a heat exchanger providing thermal communication between said coolant flow and air flowing from said source to said air inlet;
turbine bypass valving (81, 82) selectively operable to bypass the organic Rankine cycle working fluid around the turbine; and
means (81, 82, 84, 89) for controlling organic Rankine cycle working fluid pressure drop across the turbine.
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Accused Products
Abstract
The shaft (20) of an engine (19) is coupled to a turbine (28) of an organic Rankine cycle subsystem which extracts heat (45-48, 25) from engine intake air, coolant, oil, EGR and exhaust. Bypass valves (92,94, 96, 99) control engine temperatures. Turbine pressure drop is controlled via a bypass valve (82) or a mass flow control valve (113). A refrigeration subsystem having a compressor (107) coupled to the engine shaft uses its evaporator (45a) to cool engine intake air. The ORC evaporator (25a) may comprise a muffler including pressure pulse reducing fins (121, 122), some of which have NOx and/or particulate reducing catalysts thereon.
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Citations
46 Claims
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1. Apparatus, comprising:
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a load (21); an internal combustion engine (19) having a shaft (20) through which it delivers torque to the load, said engine having an air inlet receiving air from a source (51), said engine having exhaust (24) passing through a heat exchanger (25); an organic Rankine cycle subsystem including a turbine (28) having a shaft (20, 20a) coupled to said engine shaft and having an organic Rankine cycle working fluid that is vaporized in said heat exchanger; characterized by; said organic Rankine cycle working fluid being preheated (45-48), before vaporization, by heat extracted from one or more engine fluids of said engine, to thereby cool the engine, said heat exchanger comprising an evaporator (25) for heating the organic Rankine cycle working fluid with engine exhaust (24), said evaporator having a serpentine organic Rankine cycle fluid flow conduit (120) with exhaust pressure pulse reducing fins (121, 122) disposed on said conduit; an air conditioning subcycle system having a coolant compressor (107) mechanically coupled to said shaft (20), a coolant condenser (109) receiving coolant flow from said compressor, an expansion valve (113) passing coolant flow from said coolant condenser, and an evaporator (45a) in fluid communication between the expansion valve and the compressor, said evaporator comprising a heat exchanger providing thermal communication between said coolant flow and air flowing from said source to said air inlet; turbine bypass valving (81, 82) selectively operable to bypass the organic Rankine cycle working fluid around the turbine; and means (81, 82, 84, 89) for controlling organic Rankine cycle working fluid pressure drop across the turbine.
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2-3. -3. (canceled)
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4. Apparatus comprising:
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an exhaust heat exchanger (25); an internal combustion engine (19) configured to deliver torque to a shaft (20), said engine configured to provide exhaust (24) through said exhaust heat exchanger; an organic Rankine cycle subsystem configured to have working fluid in fluid passageways (26, 27, 29, 40, 45-48) vaporized in said exhaust heat exchanger; characterized by; said exhaust heat exchanger (25) has a selectively operable bypass valve (99, 106) to maintain a predetermined superheated organic Rankine cycle vapor temperature. - View Dependent Claims (5, 6, 7, 8, 20, 33, 34, 35)
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9. Apparatus comprising:
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an exhaust heat exchanger (25); an internal combustion engine (19) configured to deliver torque to a shaft (20), said engine configured to provide exhaust (24) through said exhaust heat exchanger; an organic Rankine cycle subsystem configured to have working fluid in fluid passageways (26-27, 29, 40, 45-48) vaporized in said exhaust heat exchanger; characterized by; said fluid flow passageways configured to transfer (46, 47) engine heat from at least one engine fluid passageway to said organic Rankine cycle fluid in at least one heat exchanger (46, 47) having at least one selectively operable bypass valve (94, 96). - View Dependent Claims (11, 12, 13, 17, 18, 19, 23, 30, 31, 32)
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10. (canceled)
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14. (canceled)
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16. (canceled)
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21-22. -22. (canceled)
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24. (canceled)
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27. Apparatus comprising:
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an exhaust heat exchanger (25); an internal combustion engine (19) configured to deliver torque to a shaft (20), said engine configured to provide exhaust (24) through said exhaust heat exchanger; an organic Rankine cycle subsystem configured to have working fluid in fluid passageways (26, 27, 29, 40, 45-48) vaporized in said exhaust heat exchanger; characterized by; said fluid flow passageways configured to transfer (48) engine heat from an engine exhaust gas recycle flow passageway (24a, 71). - View Dependent Claims (15, 25, 26)
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28-29. -29. (canceled)
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36. Apparatus comprising:
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an exhaust heat exchanger (25); an internal combustion engine (19) configured to deliver torque to a shaft (20), said engine configured to provide exhaust (24) through said exhaust heat exchanger; an organic Rankine cycle subsystem configured to have working fluid in fluid passageways (26, 27, 29, 40, 45-48 vaporized in said exhaust heat exchanger; characterized by; turbine bypass valving (81, 82) selectively operable to bypass the organic Rankine cycle working fluid around the turbine. - View Dependent Claims (37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42)
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43. Apparatus, comprising:
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an engine (19) configured to apply torque to a shaft (20), said engine having an air inlet configured to receive air from a source (54, 51); characterized by; an air conditioning subcycle system having a coolant compressor (107) mechanically coupled to said shaft, a coolant condenser (109) receiving coolant flow from said compressor, an expansion valve (113) having a fluid coupling to said coolant condenser, and an evaporator (45a) providing fluid coupling between the expansion valve and the compressor, said evaporator comprising a heat exchanger providing thermal coupling between said coolant flow and air flowing from said source to said air inlet. - View Dependent Claims (44, 45)
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46. Apparatus characterized by:
means (81, 82, 84, 89) for controlling organic Rankine cycle working fluid pressure drop across the turbine, said means selected from (a) means (89) for controlling the mass flow of the organic Rankine cycle working fluid, and (b) a fixed transmission (85a) coupling the turbine (28) to the engine shaft (20), with said engine (19) configured to operate at a predetermined rotary speed, at a ratio to cause said turbine to operate at an optimum turbine rotary speed for a maximum allowable turbine pressure drop, and said bypass valve (82) configured to selectively bypass a portion of the organic Rankine cycle working fluid around the turbine to prevent the pressure drop across the turbine from exceeding the maximum allowable pressure drop.
Specification