METHOD AND COMPOSITION FOR REMOVING UREMIC TOXINS IN DIALYSIS PROCESSES
First Claim
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1. A cartridge for use in a dialysis system for removing toxins comprising:
- a body having an inlet end and an outlet end;
an interior including at least four layers, the layers including a first layer of a resin selected from the group consisting of zirconium phosphate having a pH of approximately 2.5 to about 5 and urease, a second layer of a resin selected from the group consisting of zirconium oxide having a pH of approximately 9 to about 13 and urease, a third layer of zirconium phosphate, and a fourth layer of zirconium oxide having a pH of approximately 6.5 to about 7.5; and
the interior being so constructed and arranged that a fluid entering the interior from the inlet end flows through the first layer, then the second layer, then the third layer, and then the fourth layer.
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Abstract
Methods and devices for providing dialysis treatment are provided. The device includes a resin bed including zirconium phosphate, zirconium oxide, and urease.
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Citations
77 Claims
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1. A cartridge for use in a dialysis system for removing toxins comprising:
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a body having an inlet end and an outlet end; an interior including at least four layers, the layers including a first layer of a resin selected from the group consisting of zirconium phosphate having a pH of approximately 2.5 to about 5 and urease, a second layer of a resin selected from the group consisting of zirconium oxide having a pH of approximately 9 to about 13 and urease, a third layer of zirconium phosphate, and a fourth layer of zirconium oxide having a pH of approximately 6.5 to about 7.5; and the interior being so constructed and arranged that a fluid entering the interior from the inlet end flows through the first layer, then the second layer, then the third layer, and then the fourth layer. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7)
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8. A device for regenerating a dialysis solution comprising:
a body including a resin bed, the resin bed including at least a layer of urease, zirconium phosphate, zirconium oxide, and carbon and being so constructed and arranged that a dialysis solution having a pH that is either basic or acidic entering the resin bed will exit the resin bed at a pH of approximately 7 to about 7.8. - View Dependent Claims (9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16)
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17. A device for treating a patient with a dialysis solution comprising:
a body defining an interior and including an inlet, an outlet, and a resin bed comprising a layer of urease, a layer of zirconium oxide, and a layer of zirconium phosphate, wherein the inlet is in fluid communication with a source of basic or acidic dialysis solution and the resin bed is oriented so that a first layer of the resin bed that the dialysis solution contacts is either the urease layer or the zirconium phosphate layer and the zirconium oxide layer is so constructed and arranged that the dialysis solution entering the inlet will pass through the resin bed and exit the outlet with a physiologically acceptable pH. - View Dependent Claims (18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25)
- 26. A method for constructing a cartridge for use in a system for providing dialysis comprising the steps of providing a resin bed including a zirconium oxide layer and a zirconium phosphate layer and selecting and orienting the layers of zirconium oxide and zirconium phosphate to allow the resin bed to remove uremic toxins present in a dialysis solution entering the resin bed and causing the dialysis solution exiting the cartridge to have a physiological pH and a physiological acceptable electrolyte balance.
- 35. A method for providing dialysis comprising the steps of passing a dialysis fluid through a body having an inlet and an outlet and defining an interior, the interior including at least four layers, a first layer comprising either zirconium phosphate having a pH of approximately 2.5 to about 5 or urease, a second layer comprising either zirconium oxide having a pH of approximately 9 to about 13 or urease, a third layer comprising zirconium phosphate and a fourth layer comprising zirconium oxide having a pH of approximately 6.8 to about 7.5.
- 44. A method of providing regenerative dialysis comprising the step of removing at least some uremic toxins by passing a dialysis fluid through a body having an inlet and an outlet and defining an interior, the interior including at least four layers, a first layer comprising either zirconium phosphate having a pH of approximately 2.5 to about 5 or urease, a second layer comprising either zirconium oxide having a pH of approximately 9 to about 13 or urease, a third layer comprising zirconium phosphate and a fourth layer comprising zirconium oxide having a pH of approximately 6.8 to about 7.5.
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48. A device for removing uremic toxins in a dialysis procedure comprising:
- a body having an inlet and an outlet and defining an interior, the interior including a layer comprising urease, a layer comprising zirconium oxide, a layer comprising zirconium phosphate, and a layer comprising carbon, the device being so constructed and arranged so that a fluid entering the device contacts the layer comprising zirconium oxide upon entering the device before contacting the layer comprising urease or the layer comprising zirconium phosphate.
- View Dependent Claims (49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58)
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59. A cartridge for providing regenerative dialysis, the cartridge comprising:
a body including an inlet cap, an outlet cap, a resin bed, a first header chamber adjacent the inlet cap, a second header chamber adjacent the outlet cap, and a gas separation chamber between the second header chamber and the outlet cap, the gas separation chamber constructed and arranged to provide an air space for gases produced by a fluid flowing through the resin bed. - View Dependent Claims (60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66)
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67. A cartridge for providing regenerative dialysis, the cartridge comprising:
- a body having an inlet and an outlet and defining an interior, the interior including at least a layer comprising urease, a layer comprising zirconium oxide, a layer comprising zirconium phosphate, and a layer comprising carbon, wherein at least two of the layers are blended together to provide a gradient of the two materials.
- View Dependent Claims (68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75)
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76. A device for removing uremic toxins in a dialysis procedure comprising:
- a body having an inlet and an outlet and defining an interior, the interior including a layer comprising urease, a layer comprising zirconium oxide, a layer comprising zirconium phosphate, and a layer comprising carbon, wherein at least two of the layers are blended together to provide a gradient of the two materials, the device being constructed and arranged so that a fluid entering the device contacts an initial layer comprising at least the layer comprising zirconium oxide upon entering the device before contacting any other layer.
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77. A device for regenerating a dialysis solution comprising:
a body defining an interior, the interior including at least a layer of urease, zirconium phosphate, zirconium oxide, and carbon, wherein at least two of the layers are blended together to provide a gradient of the two materials, the device being so constructed and arranged that a dialysis solution having a pH that is either basic or acidic entering the resin bed will exit the resin bed at a pH of approximately 7 to about 7.8.
Specification