METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR COMBINING SIGNALS FROM MULTIPLE DIVERSITY SOURCES

• US 20090239494A1
• Filed: 03/24/2008
• Published: 09/24/2009
• Est. Priority Date: 03/24/2008
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Qualcomm, Inc.
• Original Assignee: Qualcomm, Inc.
• Inventors: Park, Jong Hyeon, Kim, Je Woo, Sim, Bok Tae
• Granted Patent: US 8,626,096 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 455/278.100
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/0857 using maximum ratio combining techniques, e.g. signal-to- interference ratio [SIR], received signal strenght indication [RSS]
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/0871 using different reception schemes, at least one of them being a diversity reception scheme
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 1/06 using space diversity
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 1/08 by repeating transmission, e.g. Verdan system H04L1/1858 and H04L1/189 take precedence

Abstract

A method for combining signals coming from multiple diversity sources may include performing maximal-ratio combining (MRC) based equalization and combining for receiver antenna diversity. The method may also include performing MRC-based equalization and combining for repetition diversity. The method may also include performing MRC-based equalization and combining for duplication diversity. The MRC-based equalization and combining for receiver antenna diversity, the MRC-based equalization and combining for repetition diversity, and the MRC-based equalization and combining for duplication diversity may each be performed separately.

Claims

1. A method for combining signals coming from multiple diversity sources, comprising:

performing maximal-ratio combining (MRC) based equalization and combining for receiver antenna diversity;

performing MRC-based equalization and combining for repetition diversity; and

performing MRC-based equalization and combining for duplication diversity,

wherein the MRC-based equalization and combining for receiver antenna diversity, the MRC-based equalization and combining for repetition diversity, and the MRC-based equalization and combining for duplication diversity are each performed separately.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein:

the MRC-based equalization and combining for repetition diversity is performed after the MRC-based equalization and combining for receiver antenna diversity; and

the MRC-based equalization and combining for duplication diversity is performed after the MRC-based equalization and combining for repetition diversity.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the MRC-based equalization and combining for receiver antenna diversity is performed as

$R_e$

( i , n ) = ∑

c = 1 N c 



R sdr 

( i , c , n ) 

H p 

( i , c , n ) * ∑

c = 1 N c 





H p 

( i , c , n ) 

2 ,

wherein i is an OFDMA symbol index, wherein c is a communication channel index, wherein n is a fast Fourier transform index, wherein N_c indicates the number of receive antennas, wherein R_sdr( ) indicates the result of sub-carrier de-randomization, and wherein H_p( ) indicates the result of channel estimation.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the MRC-based equalization and combining for repetition diversity is performed as

$R_{\mathrm{rpt}}$

( z , k ) = R rptN 

( z , k ) R rptD 

( z , k ) ,

wherein

$R_{\mathrm{rptN}}<br><br>\left(z,k\right)=\underset{s=\left(z-1\right)<br><br>R+1}{\overset{\left(z-1\right)<br><br>R+R}{\sum <br><br>}}<br><br><br><br>R_{\mathrm{sN}}<br><br>\left(s,k\right),$

wherein

$R_{\mathrm{rptD}}<br><br>\left(z,k\right)=\underset{s=\left(z-1\right)<br><br>R+1}{\overset{\left(z-1\right)<br><br>R+R}{\sum <br><br>}}<br><br><br><br>R_{\mathrm{sD}}<br><br>\left(s,k\right),$

wherein wherein k is an index of the number of sub-carriers per slot, wherein s is an allocated slot index, wherein s=1, 2, . . . , N_s, wherein z is a relative allocated slot index, wherein z=1, 2, . . . , N_z, wherein

$N_z=\frac{N_s}{R},$

and wherein R is a repetition factor.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the MRC-based equalization and combining for duplication diversity is performed as

$R_{\mathrm{dup}}$

( z , u ) = R dupN 

( z , u ) R dupD 

( z , u ) ,

wherein

$R_{\mathrm{dupN}}<br><br>\left(z,u\right)=\underset{d=1}{\overset{D}{\sum <br><br>}}<br><br>R_{\mathrm{rptN}}<br><br>\left(z,k\right),$

wherein

$R_{\mathrm{dupD}}<br><br>\left(z,u\right)=\underset{d=1}{\overset{D}{\sum <br><br>}}<br><br>R_{\mathrm{rptD}}<br><br>\left(z,k\right),$

wherein R_rptN( ) is the numerator of the result of the MRC-based equalization and combining for repetition diversity, wherein R_rptD( ) is the denominator of the result of the MRC-based equalization and combining for repetition diversity, wherein z is an allocated slot index, wherein k is an index of the number of sub-carriers per slot, wherein k=1, 2, . . . , N_sc and also k=(d−

1)N_u+u, wherein u is an index of the number of sub-carriers per duplication, wherein

$N_u=\frac{N_{\mathrm{sc}}}{D},$

and wherein D is a duplication factor.

6. The method of claim 1, further comprising performing MRC-based equalization and combining for post processing.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein the MRC-based equalization and combining for post processing is performed as

$R_{\mathrm{eq}}$

( z , u ) = R dupN 

( z , u ) H dupN 

( z , u ) ,

wherein R_dupN( ) is the numerator of the result of the MRC-based equalization and combining for duplication diversity, wherein H_dupN( ) is the numerator of the result of MRC-based CSI combining for duplication diversity, wherein z is an allocated slot index, and wherein u is an index of the number of sub-carriers per duplication.

8. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

performing MRC-based channel status information (CSI) combining for receiver antenna diversity;

performing MRC-based CSI combining for repetition diversity; and

performing MRC-based CSI combining for duplication diversity,

wherein the MRC-based CSI combining for receiver antenna diversity, the MRC-based CSI combining for repetition diversity, and the MRC-based CSI combining for duplication diversity are each performed separately.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein:

the MRC-based CSI combining for repetition diversity is performed after the MRC-based CSI combining for receiver antenna diversity; and

the MRC-based CSI combining for duplication diversity is performed after the MRC-based CSI combining for repetition diversity.

10. The method of claim 8, wherein the MRC-based CSI combining for receiver antenna diversity is performed as

$H_e$

( i , n ) = ∑

c = 1 N c 



H p 

( i , c , n ) 

2 N c ,

wherein i is an OFDMA symbol index, wherein c is a communication channel index, wherein n is a fast Fourier transform index, wherein N_c indicates the number of receive antennas, and wherein H_p( ) indicates the result of channel estimation.

11. The method of claim 8, wherein the MRC-based CSI combining for repetition diversity is performed as

$H_{\mathrm{rpt}}$

( z , k ) = H rptN 

( z , k ) H rptD 

( z , k ) ,

wherein

$H_{\mathrm{rptN}}<br><br>\left(z,k\right)=\underset{s=\left(z-1\right)<br><br>R+1}{\overset{\left(z-1\right)<br><br>R+R}{\sum <br><br>}}<br><br>H_{\mathrm{sN}}<br><br>\left(s,k\right),$

wherein

$H_{\mathrm{rptD}}<br><br>\left(z,k\right)=\underset{s=\left(z-1\right)<br><br>R+1}{\overset{\left(z-1\right)<br><br>R+R}{\sum <br><br>}}<br><br>H_{\mathrm{sD}}<br><br>\left(s,k\right)=N_c\times <br><br>R,$

wherein wherein H_sN() is the numerator of the result of sub-carrier de-allocation, wherein H_sD( ) is the denominator of the result of sub-carrier de-allocation, wherein k is an index of the number of sub-carriers per slot, wherein s is an allocated slot index, wherein s=1, 2, . . . , N_s, wherein z is a relative allocated slot index, wherein z=1, 2, . . . , N_z, wherein

$N_z=\frac{N_s}{R},$

wherein R is a repetition factor, and wherein N_c indicates the number of receive antennas.

12. The method of claim 8, wherein the MRC-based CSI combining for duplication diversity is performed as

$H_{\mathrm{dup}}$

( z , u ) = H dupN 

( z , u ) H dupD 

( z , u ) ,

wherein

$H_{\mathrm{dupN}}<br><br>\left(z,u\right)=\underset{d=1}{\overset{D}{\sum <br><br>}}<br><br>H_{\mathrm{rptN}}<br><br>\left(z,k\right),$

wherein

$H_{\mathrm{dupD}}<br><br>\left(z,u\right)=\underset{d=1}{\overset{D}{\sum <br><br>}}<br><br>H_{\mathrm{rptD}}<br><br>\left(z,k\right)=N_c\times <br><br>R\times <br><br>D,$

wherein H_rptN( ) is the numerator of the result of the MRC-based CSI combining for repetition diversity, wherein H_rptD( ) is the denominator of the result of the MRC-based CSI combining for repetition diversity, wherein z is an allocated slot index, wherein k is an index of the number of sub-carriers per slot, wherein k=1, 2, . . . , N_sc and also k=(d−

1)N_u+u, wherein u is an index of the number of sub-carriers per duplication, wherein

$N_u=\frac{N_{\mathrm{sc}}}{D},$

wherein D is a duplication factor, and wherein R is a repetition factor.

13. The method of claim 8, further comprising performing MRC-based CSI combining for post processing.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein the MRC-based CSI combining for post processing is performed as

$H_{\mathrm{eq}}$

( z , u ) = H dupN 

( z , u ) N c ×

R ×

D ,

wherein H_dupN( ) is the numerator of the result of the MRC-based CSI combining for duplication diversity, wherein z is an allocated slot index, and wherein u is an index of the number of sub-carriers per duplication, wherein N_c is the number of receive antennas, wherein R is a repetition factor, and wherein D is a duplication factor.

15. A wireless device for combining signals coming from multiple diversity sources, comprising:

a receiver antenna diversity equalizer and combiner that is configured to perform maximal-ratio combining (MRC) based equalization and combining for receiver antenna diversity;

a repetition diversity equalizer and combiner that is configured to perform MRC-based equalization and combining for repetition diversity; and

a duplication diversity equalizer and combiner that is configured to perform MRC-based equalization and combining for duplication diversity,

wherein the MRC-based equalization and combining for receiver antenna diversity, the MRC-based equalization and combining for repetition diversity, and the MRC-based equalization and combining for duplication diversity are each performed separately.

16. The wireless device of claim 15, wherein:

the MRC-based equalization and combining for repetition diversity is performed after the MRC-based equalization and combining for receiver antenna diversity; and

the MRC-based equalization and combining for duplication diversity is performed after the MRC-based equalization and combining for repetition diversity.

17. The wireless device of claim 15, wherein the MRC-based equalization and combining for receiver antenna diversity is performed as

$R_e$

( i , n ) = ∑

c = 1 N c 

R sdr 

( i , c , n ) 

H p 

( i , c , n ) * ∑

c = 1 N c 



H p 

( i , c , n ) 

2 ,

wherein i is an OFDMA symbol index, wherein c is a communication channel index, wherein n is a fast Fourier transform index, wherein N_c indicates the number of receive antennas, wherein R_sdr( ) indicates the result of sub-carrier de-randomization, and wherein H_p( ) indicates the result of channel estimation.

18. The wireless device of claim 15, wherein the MRC-based equalization and combining for repetition diversity is performed as

$R_{\mathrm{rpt}}$

( z , k ) = R rptN 

( z , k ) R rptD 

( z , k ) ,

wherein

$R_{\mathrm{rptN}}<br><br>\left(z,k\right)=\underset{s=\left(z-1\right)<br><br>R+1}{\overset{\left(z-1\right)<br><br>R+R}{\sum <br><br>}}<br><br>R_{\mathrm{sN}}<br><br>\left(s,k\right),$

wherein

$R_{\mathrm{rptD}}<br><br>\left(z,k\right)=\underset{s=\left(z-1\right)<br><br>R+1}{\overset{\left(z-1\right)<br><br>R+R}{\sum <br><br>}}<br><br>R_{\mathrm{sD}}<br><br>\left(s,k\right),$

wherein wherein k is an index of the number of sub-carriers per slot, wherein s is an allocated slot index, wherein s=1, 2, . . . , N_s, wherein z is a relative allocated slot index, wherein z=1, 2, . . . , N_z, wherein

$N_z=\frac{N_s}{R},$

and wherein R is a repetition factor.

19. The wireless device of claim 15, wherein the MRC-based equalization and combining for duplication diversity is performed as

$R_{\mathrm{dup}}$

( z , u ) = R dupN 

( z , u ) R dupD 

( z , u ) ,

wherein

$R_{\mathrm{dupN}}<br><br>\left(z,u\right)=\underset{d=1}{\overset{D}{\sum <br><br>}}<br><br>R_{\mathrm{rptN}}<br><br>\left(z,k\right),$

wherein

$R_{\mathrm{dupD}}<br><br>\left(z,u\right)=\underset{d=1}{\overset{D}{\sum <br><br>}}<br><br>R_{\mathrm{rptD}}<br><br>\left(z,k\right),$

wherein R_rptN( ) is the numerator of the result of the MRC-based equalization and combining for repetition diversity, wherein R_rptD( ) is the denominator of the result of the MRC-based equalization and combining for repetition diversity, wherein z is an allocated slot index, wherein k is an index of the number of sub-carriers per slot, wherein k=1, 2, . . . , N_sc and also k=(d−

1)N_u+u, wherein u is an index of the number of sub-carriers per duplication, wherein

$N_u=\frac{N_{\mathrm{sc}}}{D},$

and wherein D is a duplication factor.

20. The wireless device of claim 15, further comprising a post processing equalizer and combiner that is configured to perform MRC-based equalization and combining for post processing.

21. The wireless device of claim 20, wherein the MRC-based equalization and combining for post processing is performed as

$R_{\mathrm{ep}}$

( z , u ) = R dupN 

( z , u ) H dupN 

( z , u ) ,

wherein R_dupN( ) is the numerator of the result of the MRC-based equalization and combining for duplication diversity, wherein H_dupN( ) is the numerator of the result of MRC-based CSI combining for duplication diversity, wherein z is an allocated slot index, and wherein u is an index of the number of sub-carriers per duplication.

22. The wireless device of claim 15, further comprising:

a receiver antenna diversity CSI combiner that is configured to perform MRC-based channel status information (CSI) combining for receiver antenna diversity;

a repetition diversity CSI combiner that is configured to perform MRC-based CSI combining for repetition diversity; and

a duplication diversity CSI combiner that is configured to perform MRC-based CSI combining for duplication diversity,

wherein the MRC-based CSI combining for receiver antenna diversity, the MRC-based CSI combining for repetition diversity, and the MRC-based CSI combining for duplication diversity are each performed separately.

23. The wireless device of claim 22, wherein:

the MRC-based CSI combining for repetition diversity is performed after the MRC-based CSI combining for receiver antenna diversity; and

the MRC-based CSI combining for duplication diversity is performed after the MRC-based CSI combining for repetition diversity.

24. The wireless device of claim 22, wherein the MRC-based CSI combining for receiver antenna diversity is performed as

$H_e$

( i , n ) = ∑

c = 1 N c 



H p 

( i , c , n ) 

2 N c ,

wherein i is an OFDMA symbol index, wherein c is a communication channel index, wherein n is a fast Fourier transform index, wherein N_c indicates the number of receive antennas, and wherein H_p( ) indicates the result of channel estimation.

25. The wireless device of claim 22, wherein the MRC-based CSI combining for repetition diversity is performed as

$H_{\mathrm{rpt}}$

( z , k ) = H rptN 

( z , k ) H rptD 

( z , k ) ,

wherein

$H_{\mathrm{rptN}}<br><br>\left(z,k\right)=\underset{s=\left(z-1\right)<br><br>R+1}{\overset{\left(z-1\right)<br><br>R+R}{\sum <br><br>}}<br><br>H_{\mathrm{sN}}<br><br>\left(s,k\right),$

wherein

$H_{\mathrm{rptD}}<br><br>\left(z,k\right)=\underset{s=\left(z-1\right)<br><br>R+1}{\overset{\left(z-1\right)<br><br>R+R}{\sum <br><br>}}<br><br>H_{\mathrm{sD}}<br><br>\left(s,k\right)=N_c\times <br><br>R,$

wherein H_sN( ) is the numerator of the result of sub-carrier de-allocation, wherein H_sD( ) is the denominator of the result of sub-carrier de-allocation, wherein k is an index of the number of sub-carriers per slot, wherein s is an allocated slot index, wherein s=1, 2, . . . , N_s, wherein z is a relative allocated slot index, wherein z=1, 2, . . . , N_z, wherein

$N_z=\frac{N_s}{R},$

wherein R is a repetition factor, and wherein N_c indicates the number of receive antennas.

26. The wireless device of claim 22, wherein the MRC-based CSI combining for duplication diversity is performed as

$H_{\mathrm{dup}}$

( z , u ) = H dupN 

( z , u ) H dupD 



( z , u ) ,

wherein

$H_{\mathrm{dupN}}<br><br>\left(z,u\right)=\underset{d=1}{\overset{D}{\sum <br><br>}}<br><br>H_{\mathrm{rptN}}<br><br>\left(z,k\right),$

wherein

$H_{\mathrm{dupD}}<br><br>\left(z,u\right)=\underset{d=1}{\overset{D}{\sum <br><br>}}<br><br>H_{\mathrm{rptD}}<br><br>\left(z,k\right)=N_c\times <br><br>R\times <br><br>D,$

wherein H_rptN( ) is the numerator of the result of the MRC-based CSI combining for repetition diversity, wherein H_rptD( ) is the denominator of the result of the MRC-based CSI combining for repetition diversity, wherein z is an allocated slot index, wherein k is an index of the number of sub-carriers per slot, wherein k=1, 2, . . . , N_sc and also k=(d−

1)N_u+u, wherein u is an index of the number of sub-carriers per duplication, wherein

$N_u=\frac{N_{\mathrm{sc}}}{D},$

wherein D is a duplication factor, and wherein R is a repetition factor.

27. The wireless device of claim 22, further comprising a post processing CSI combiner that is configured to perform MRC-based CSI combining for post processing.

28. The wireless device of claim 27, wherein the MRC-based CSI combining for post processing is performed as

$H_{\mathrm{eq}}$

( z , u ) = H dupN 

( z , u ) N c ×

R ×

D ,

wherein H_dupN( ) is the numerator of the result of the MRC-based CSI combining for duplication diversity, wherein z is an allocated slot index, and wherein u is an index of the number of sub-carriers per duplication, wherein N_c is the number of receive antennas, wherein R is a repetition factor, and wherein D is a duplication factor.

29. An apparatus for combining signals coming from multiple diversity sources, comprising:

means for performing maximal-ratio combining (MRC) based equalization and combining for receiver antenna diversity;

means for performing MRC-based equalization and combining for repetition diversity; and

means for performing MRC-based equalization and combining for duplication diversity,

wherein the MRC-based equalization and combining for receiver antenna diversity, the MRC-based equalization and combining for repetition diversity, and the MRC-based equalization and combining for duplication diversity are each performed separately.

30. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein:

the MRC-based equalization and combining for repetition diversity is performed after the MRC-based equalization and combining for receiver antenna diversity; and

the MRC-based equalization and combining for duplication diversity is performed after the MRC-based equalization and combining for repetition diversity.

31. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein the MRC-based equalization and combining for receiver antenna diversity is performed as

$R_e$

( i , n ) = ∑

c = 1 N c 

R sdr 

( i , c , n ) 

H p 

( i , c , n ) * ∑

c = 1 N c 



H p 

( i , c , n ) 

2 ,

wherein i is an OFDMA symbol index, wherein c is a communication channel index, wherein n is a fast Fourier transform index, wherein N_c indicates the number of receive antennas, wherein R_sdr( ) indicates the result of sub-carrier de-randomization, and wherein H_p( ) indicates the result of channel estimation.

32. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein the MRC-based equalization and combining for repetition diversity is performed as

$R_{\mathrm{rpt}}$

( z , k ) = R rptN 

( z , k ) R rptD 

( z , k ) ,

wherein

$R_{\mathrm{rptN}}<br><br>\left(z,k\right)=\underset{s=\left(z-1\right)<br><br>R+1}{\overset{\left(z-1\right)<br><br>R+R}{\sum <br><br>}}<br><br>R_{\mathrm{sN}}<br><br>\left(s,k\right),$

wherein

$R_{\mathrm{rptD}}<br><br>\left(z,k\right)=\underset{s=\left(z-1\right)<br><br>R+1}{\overset{\left(z-1\right)<br><br>R+R}{\sum <br><br>}}<br><br>R_{\mathrm{sD}}<br><br>\left(s,k\right),$

wherein k is an index of the number of sub-carriers per slot, wherein s is an allocated slot index, wherein s=1, 2, . . . , N_s, wherein z is a relative allocated slot index, wherein z=1, 2, . . . , N_z, wherein

$N_z=\frac{N_s}{R},$

and wherein R is a repetition factor.

33. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein the MRC-based equalization and combining for duplication diversity is performed as

$R_{\mathrm{dup}}$

( z , u ) = R dupN 

( z , u ) R dupD 

( z , u ) ,

wherein

$R_{\mathrm{dupN}}<br><br>\left(z,u\right)=\underset{d=1}{\overset{D}{\sum <br><br>}}<br><br>R_{\mathrm{rptN}}<br><br>\left(z,k\right),$

wherein

$R_{\mathrm{dupD}}<br><br>\left(z,u\right)=\underset{d=1}{\overset{D}{\sum <br><br>}}<br><br>R_{\mathrm{rptD}}<br><br>\left(z,k\right),$

wherein R_rptN( ) is the numerator of the result of the MRC-based equalization and combining for repetition diversity, wherein R_rptD( ) is the denominator of the result of the MRC-based equalization and combining for repetition diversity, wherein z is an allocated slot index, wherein k is an index of the number of sub-carriers per slot, wherein k=1, 2, . . . , N_sc and also k=(d−

1)N_u+u, wherein u is an index of the number of sub-carriers per duplication, wherein

$N_u=\frac{N_{\mathrm{sc}}}{D},$

and wherein D is a duplication factor.

34. The apparatus of claim 29, further comprising means for performing MRC-based equalization and combining for post processing.

35. The apparatus of claim 34, wherein the MRC-based equalization and combining for post processing is performed as

$R_{\mathrm{eq}}$

( z , u ) = R dupN 

( z , u ) H dupN 

( z , u ) ,

wherein R_dupN( ) is the numerator of the result of the MRC-based equalization and combining for duplication diversity, wherein H_dupN( ) is the numerator of the result of MRC-based CSI combining for duplication diversity, wherein z is an allocated slot index, and wherein u is an index of the number of sub-carriers per duplication.

36. The apparatus of claim 29, further comprising:

means for performing MRC-based channel status information (CSI) combining for receiver antenna diversity;

means for performing MRC-based CSI combining for repetition diversity; and

means for performing MRC-based CSI combining for duplication diversity,

wherein the MRC-based CSI combining for receiver antenna diversity, the MRC-based CSI combining for repetition diversity, and the MRC-based CSI combining for duplication diversity are each performed separately.

37. The apparatus of claim 36, wherein:

the MRC-based CSI combining for repetition diversity is performed after the MRC-based CSI combining for receiver antenna diversity; and

the MRC-based CSI combining for duplication diversity is performed after the MRC-based CSI combining for repetition diversity.

38. The apparatus of claim 36, wherein the MRC-based CSI combining for receiver antenna diversity is performed as

$H_e$

( i , n ) = ∑

c = 1 N c 





H p 

( i , c , n ) 

2 N c ,

wherein i is an OFDMA symbol index, wherein c is a communication channel index, wherein n is a fast Fourier transform index, wherein N_c indicates the number of receive antennas, and wherein H_p( ) indicates the result of channel estimation.

39. The apparatus of claim 36, wherein the MRC-based CSI combining for repetition diversity is performed as

$H_{\mathrm{rpt}}$

( z , k ) = H rptN 

( z , k ) H rptD 

( z , k ) ,

wherein

$H_{\mathrm{rptN}}<br><br>\left(z,k\right)=\underset{s=\left(z-1\right)<br><br>R+1}{\overset{\left(z-1\right)<br><br>R+R}{\sum <br><br>}}<br><br><br><br>H_{\mathrm{sN}}<br><br>\left(s,k\right),$

wherein

$H_{\mathrm{rptD}}<br><br>\left(z,k\right)=\underset{s=\left(z-1\right)<br><br>R+1}{\overset{\left(z-1\right)<br><br>R+R}{\sum <br><br>}}<br><br><br><br>H_{\mathrm{sD}}<br><br>\left(s,k\right)=N_c\times <br><br>R,$

wherein H_sN( ) is the numerator of the result of sub-carrier de-allocation, wherein H_sD( ) is the denominator of the result of sub-carrier de-allocation, wherein k is an index of the number of sub-carriers per slot, wherein s is an allocated slot index, wherein s=1, 2, . . . , N_s, wherein z is a relative allocated slot index, wherein z=1, 2, . . . , N_z, wherein

$N_z=\frac{N_s}{R},$

wherein R is a repetition factor, and wherein N_c indicates the number of receive antennas.

40. The apparatus of claim 36, wherein the MRC-based CSI combining for duplication diversity is performed as

$H_{\mathrm{dup}}$

( z , u ) = H dupN 

( z , u ) H dupD 

( z , u ) ,

wherein

$H_{\mathrm{dupN}}<br><br>\left(z,u\right)=\underset{d=1}{\overset{D}{\sum <br><br>}}<br><br><br><br>H_{\mathrm{rptN}}<br><br>\left(z,k\right),$

wherein

$H_{\mathrm{dupD}}<br><br>\left(z,u\right)=\underset{d=1}{\overset{D}{\sum <br><br>}}<br><br><br><br>H_{\mathrm{rptD}}<br><br>\left(z,k\right)=N_c\times <br><br>R\times <br><br>D,$

wherein H_rptN( ) is the numerator of the result of the MRC-based CSI combining for repetition diversity, wherein H_rptD( ) is the denominator of the result of the MRC-based CSI combining for repetition diversity, wherein z is an allocated slot index, wherein k is an index of the number of sub-carriers per slot, wherein k=1, 2, . . . , N_sc and also k=(d−

1)N_u+u, wherein u is an index of the number of sub-carriers per duplication, wherein

$N_u=\frac{N_{\mathrm{sc}}}{D},$

wherein D is a duplication factor, and wherein R is a repetition factor.

41. The apparatus of claim 36, further comprising means for performing MRC-based CSI combining for post processing.

42. The apparatus of claim 41, wherein the MRC-based CSI combining for post processing is performed as

$H_{\mathrm{eq}}$

( z , u ) = H dupN 

( z , u ) N c ×

R ×

D ,

wherein H_dupN( ) is the numerator of the result of the MRC-based CSI combining for duplication diversity, wherein z is an allocated slot index, and wherein u is an index of the number of sub-carriers per duplication, wherein N_c is the number of receive antennas, wherein R is a repetition factor, and wherein D is a duplication factor.

43. A computer-program product for combining signals coming from multiple diversity sources, the computer-program product comprising a computer readable medium having instructions thereon, the instructions comprising:

code for performing maximal-ratio combining (MRC) based equalization and combining for receiver antenna diversity;

code for performing MRC-based equalization and combining for repetition diversity; and

code for performing MRC-based equalization and combining for duplication diversity,

wherein the MRC-based equalization and combining for receiver antenna diversity, the MRC-based equalization and combining for repetition diversity, and the MRC-based equalization and combining for duplication diversity are each performed separately.

44. The computer-program product of claim 43, wherein:

the MRC-based equalization and combining for repetition diversity is performed after the MRC-based equalization and combining for receiver antenna diversity; and

the MRC-based equalization and combining for duplication diversity is performed after the MRC-based equalization and combining for repetition diversity.

45. The computer-program product of claim 43, wherein the MRC-based equalization and combining for receiver antenna diversity is performed as

$R_e$

( i , n ) = ∑

c = 1 N c 



R sdr 

( i , c , n ) 

H p 

( i , c , n ) * ∑

c = 1 N c 





H p 

( i , c , n ) 

2 ,

wherein i is an OFDMA symbol index, wherein c is a communication channel index, wherein n is a fast Fourier transform index, wherein N_c indicates the number of receive antennas, wherein R_sdr( ) indicates the result of sub-carrier de-randomization, and wherein H_p( ) indicates the result of channel estimation.

46. The computer-program product of claim 43, wherein the MRC-based equalization and combining for repetition diversity is performed as

$R_{\mathrm{rpt}}$

( z , k ) = R rptN 

( z , k ) R rptD 

( z , k ) ,

wherein

$R_{\mathrm{rptN}}<br><br>\left(z,k\right)=\underset{s=\left(z-1\right)<br><br>R+1}{\overset{\left(z-1\right)<br><br>R+R}{\sum <br><br>}}<br><br><br><br>R_{\mathrm{sN}}<br><br>\left(s,k\right),$

wherein

$R_{\mathrm{rptD}}<br><br>\left(z,k\right)=\underset{s=\left(z-1\right)<br><br>R+1}{\overset{\left(z-1\right)<br><br>R+R}{\sum <br><br>}}<br><br>R_{\mathrm{sD}}<br><br>\left(s,k\right),$

wherein k is an index of the number of sub-carriers per slot, wherein s is an allocated slot index, wherein s=1, 2, . . . , N_s, wherein z is a relative allocated slot index, wherein z=1, 2, . . . , N_z, wherein

$N_z=\frac{N_s}{R},$

and wherein R is a repetition factor.

47. The computer-program product of claim 43, wherein the MRC-based equalization and combining for duplication diversity is performed as

$R_{\mathrm{dup}}$

( z , u ) = R dupN 

( z , u ) R dupD 

( z , u ) ,

wherein

$R_{\mathrm{dupN}}<br><br>\left(z,u\right)=\underset{d=1}{\overset{D}{\sum <br><br>}}<br><br>R_{\mathrm{rptN}}<br><br>\left(z,k\right),$

wherein

$R_{\mathrm{dupN}}<br><br>\left(z,u\right)=\underset{d=1}{\overset{D}{\sum <br><br>}}<br><br>R_{\mathrm{rptN}}<br><br>\left(z,k\right),$

wherein R_rptN( ) is the numerator of the result of the MRC-based equalization and combining for repetition diversity, wherein R_rptD( ) is the denominator of the result of the MRC-based equalization and combining for repetition diversity, wherein z is an allocated slot index, wherein k is an index of the number of sub-carriers per slot, wherein k=1, 2, . . . , N_c and also k=(d−

1)N_u+u, wherein u is an index of the number of sub-carriers per duplication, wherein

$N_u=\frac{N_{\mathrm{sc}}}{D},$

and wherein D is a duplication factor.

48. The computer-program product of claim 43, further comprising code for performing MRC-based equalization and combining for post processing.

49. The computer-program product of claim 48, wherein the MRC-based equalization and combining for post processing is performed as

$R_{\mathrm{eq}}$

( z , u ) = R dupN 

( z , u ) H dupN 

( z , u ) ,

wherein R_dupN( ) is the numerator of the result of the MRC-based equalization and combining for duplication diversity, wherein H_dupN( ) is the numerator of the result of MRC-based CSI combining for duplication diversity, wherein z is an allocated slot index, and wherein u is an index of the number of sub-carriers per duplication.

50. The computer-program product of claim 43, further comprising:

code for performing MRC-based channel status information (CSI) combining for receiver antenna diversity;

code for performing MRC-based CSI combining for repetition diversity; and

code for performing MRC-based CSI combining for duplication diversity,

wherein the MRC-based CSI combining for receiver antenna diversity, the MRC-based CSI combining for repetition diversity, and the MRC-based CSI combining for duplication diversity are each performed separately.

51. The computer-program product of claim 50, wherein:

the MRC-based CSI combining for repetition diversity is performed after the MRC-based CSI combining for receiver antenna diversity; and

the MRC-based CSI combining for duplication diversity is performed after the MRC-based CSI combining for repetition diversity.

52. The computer-program product of claim 50, wherein the MRC-based CSI combining for receiver antenna diversity is performed as

$H_e$

( i , n ) = ∑

c = 1 N c 



H p 

( i , c , n ) 

2 N c ,

wherein i is an OFDMA symbol index, wherein c is a communication channel index, wherein n is a fast Fourier transform index, wherein N_c indicates the number of receive antennas, and wherein H_p( ) indicates the result of channel estimation.

53. The computer-program product of claim 50, wherein the MRC-based CSI combining for repetition diversity is performed as

$H_{\mathrm{rpt}}$

( z , k ) = H rptN 

( z , k ) H rptD 

( z , k ) ,

wherein

$H_{\mathrm{rptN}}<br><br>\left(z,k\right)=\underset{s=\left(z-1\right)<br><br>R+1}{\overset{\left(z-1\right)<br><br>R+R}{\sum <br><br>}}<br><br>H_{\mathrm{sN}}<br><br>\left(s,k\right),$

wherein

$H_{\mathrm{rptD}}<br><br>\left(z,k\right)=\underset{s=\left(z-1\right)<br><br>R+1}{\overset{\left(z-1\right)<br><br>R+R}{\sum <br><br>}}<br><br>H_{\mathrm{sD}}<br><br>\left(s,k\right)=N_c\times <br><br>R,$

wherein H_sN( ) is the numerator of the result of sub-carrier de-allocation, wherein H_sD( ) is the denominator of the result of sub-carrier de-allocation, wherein k is an index of the number of sub-carriers per slot, wherein s is an allocated slot index, wherein s=1, 2, . . . , N_s, wherein z is a relative allocated slot index, wherein z=1, 2, . . . , N_z, wherein

$N_z=\frac{N_s}{R},$

wherein R is a repetition factor, and wherein N_c indicates the number of receive antennas.

54. The computer-program product of claim 50, wherein the MRC-based CSI combining for duplication diversity is performed as

$H_{\mathrm{dup}}$

( z , u ) = H dupN 

( z , u ) H dupD 

( z , u ) ,

wherein

$H_{\mathrm{dupN}}<br><br>\left(z,u\right)=\underset{d=1}{\overset{D}{\sum <br><br>}}<br><br>H_{\mathrm{rptN}}<br><br>\left(z,k\right),$

wherein

$H_{\mathrm{dupD}}<br><br>\left(z,u\right)=\underset{d=1}{\overset{D}{\sum <br><br>}}<br><br>H_{\mathrm{rptD}}<br><br>\left(z,k\right)=N_c\times <br><br>R\times <br><br>D,$

wherein H_rptN( ) is the numerator of the result of the MRC-based CSI combining for repetition diversity, wherein H_rptD( ) is the denominator of the result of the MRC-based CSI combining for repetition diversity, wherein z is an allocated slot index, wherein k is an index of the number of sub-carriers per slot, wherein k=1, 2, . . . , N_sc and also k=(d−

1)N_u+u, wherein u is an index of the number of sub-carriers per duplication, wherein

$N_u=\frac{N_{\mathrm{sc}}}{D},$

wherein D is a duplication factor, and wherein R is a repetition factor.

55. The computer-program product of claim 50, further comprising code for performing MRC-based CSI combining for post processing.

56. The computer-program product of claim 55, wherein the MRC-based CSI combining for post processing is performed as

$H_{\mathrm{eq}}$

( z , u ) = H dupN 

( z , u ) N c ×

R ×

D ,

wherein H_dupN( ) is the numerator of the result of the MRC-based CSI combining for duplication diversity, wherein z is an allocated slot index, and wherein u is an index of the number of sub-carriers per duplication, wherein N_c is the number of receive antennas, wherein R is a repetition factor, and wherein D is a duplication factor.