Color Liquid Crystal Display and Compensation Panel

• US 20090268136A1
• Filed: 04/20/2009
• Published: 10/29/2009
• Est. Priority Date: 04/25/2008
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Crysoptix Kk
• Original Assignee: Crysoptix Kk
• Inventors: Palto, Serguei
• Granted Patent: US 8,142,863 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 349/118
• CPC Class Codes: C09K 2323/00 Functional layers of liquid crystal optical display excluding electroactive liquid crystal layer characterised by chemical composition
• CPC Class Codes: C09K 2323/05 Bonding or intermediate layer characterised by chemical composition, e.g. sealant or spacer
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 5/3008 comprising dielectric particles, e.g. birefringent crystals embedded in a matrix
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 5/3083 Birefringent or phase retarding elements G02B5/3008, G02B5/3016 take precedence; systems for polarisation control G02B27/286; manufacturing phase modulating patterns by lithographic processes G03F7/001
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/13363 Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/133637 characterised by the wavelength dispersion
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/13725 based on guest-host interaction G02F1/13762, G02F1/13737, take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 2201/08 light absorbing layer
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 2202/06 dopant
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 2413/04 Number of plates greater than or equal to 4
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 2413/06 Two plates on one side of the LC cell
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 2413/12 Biaxial compensators

Abstract

In one aspect of the present invention there is provided an optically anisotropic compensation panel with spectrally controllable dispersion of refractive indices. The compensation panel comprises at least one optically anisotropic layer based on an ordered guest-host system. The guest-host system comprises an anisotropic host matrix including an organic compound transparent to electromagnetic radiation in the visible spectral range, and guest component having guest particles. In another aspect the present invention provides a method of producing an optically anisotropic compensation panel disclosed. And in yet another embodiment the present invention provides a liquid crystal display with the compensation panel disclosed.

Claims

50. A method of producing an optically anisotropic compensation panel based on an ordered guest-host system and having spectral dependencies of principal refractive indices n_x(λ

), n_y(λ

) and n_z(λ

), wherein at least one of them possesses an anomalous spectral dispersion in at least one subrange of the visible spectral range and which includes the following steps;

a) assignment of spectral dependencies of principal refractive indices n_x(λ

), n_y(λ

) and n_z(λ

), so that at least one difference of the principal refractive indices Δ

_v(λ

) defining the optical anisotropy satisfies the condition ∂

Δ

_v(λ

)/∂

λ

≧

0 in the visible spectral range, wherein subscript v is selected from the list comprising in and out;

b) numerical designation and variation of principal absorption coefficient spectra k_x,cal(λ

) k_y,cal(λ

), and k_z,cal(λ

) until the spectral dependencies n_x(λ

)=KK(k_x(λ

)), n_y(λ

)=KK(k_y(λ

)) and n_z(λ

)=KK(k_z(λ

)) evaluated according to Kramers-Kronig relation satisfy the spectral dependencies for the refractive indices as specified in step (a);

c) selection of at least one organic compound substantially transparent to electromagnetic radiation in the visible spectral range which serves as a host component capable of forming an optically anisotropic host matrix with normal spectral dispersion in the visible range that is characterized by the absorption coefficients k_x,h(λ

), k_y,h(λ

) and k_z,h(λ

) in the UV spectral range;

d) selection of at least one type of guest particles which are capable of absorbing electromagnetic radiation in at least one subrange of the wavelength range from 250 to 2500 nm, to fit into the host matrix as a guest component, and which are characterized by the absorption coefficients k_x,g(λ

), k_y,g(λ

) and k_z,g(λ

);

e) optimization of the guest-components quantity which minimizes inconsistence between the calculated absorption spectra k_{x, cal}(λ

) k_{y, cal}(λ

) and k_{z, cal}(λ

) according to step b) and appropriate functions k_x,h(λ

)+k_x,g(λ

), k_y,h(λ

)+k_y,g(λ

), and k_z,h(λ

)+k_z,g(λ

) in the wavelength range from 250 to 2500 nm;

f) formation of a coating solution according to previous steps, wherein at least one organic compound transparent to electromagnetic radiation in the visible spectral range and at least one type of guest particles capable of absorbing electromagnetic radiation in at least one subrange of the wavelength range from 250 to 2500 nm are used;

g) application of the coating solution onto a substrate to form a liquid layer;

h) application of an external alignment action upon the liquid layer,

i) drying with formation of a solid guest-host layer, and

j) measurements of experimental spectra k_x,(λ

), k_y,(λ

), and k_z,(λ

) for the solid guest-host layer and repeating steps c) to i) until an inconsistence between the measured and calculated absorption spectra k_{x, cal}(λ

), k_{y, cal}(λ

), and k_{z, cal}(λ

) is minimal.

51. A method according to claim 50, wherein the organic compound has a general structural formula I

52. A method according to claim 51, wherein the polycyclic molecular system Sys is substantially transparent in the visible spectral range.

53. A method according to any of claims 51 or 52, wherein the polycyclic molecular system Sys has a general structural formula from the list comprising structures II to XLVI:

54. A method according to claim 51, wherein the counterion is selected from the list comprising H⁺, NH₄⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, Li⁺, Ba⁺⁺, Ca⁺⁺, Mg⁺⁺, Sr⁺⁺, Cs⁺, Pb⁺⁺, and Zn⁺⁺.

55. A method according to claim 50, wherein the organic compound is an oligophenyl derivative.

56. A method according to claim 55, wherein the oligophenyl derivative has a general structural formula corresponding to one of structures 1 to 7:

57. A method according to claim 50, wherein the organic compound is a bibenzimidazole derivative and has a general structural formula corresponding to one of structures 8 to 26:

58. A method according to claim 50, wherein the organic compound is a “

triazine”

derivative and has a general structural formula corresponding to one of structures 27 to 29;

59. A method according to claim 50, wherein the organic compound is an acenaphthoquinoxaline derivative.

60. A method according to claim 59, wherein the acenaphthoquinoxaline derivative comprises carboxylic and/or sulfonic groups and has a general structural formula corresponding to one of structures 30 to 48:

61. A method according to claim 50, wherein the organic compound is a 6,7-dihydrobenzimidazo[1,2-c]quinazolin-6-one derivative.

62. A method according to claim 61, wherein the 6,7-dihydrobenzimidazo[1,2-c]quinazolin-6-one derivative comprises carboxylic and/or sulfonic groups and said derivative has a general structural formula from the group comprising structures 49 to 70:

63. A method according to claim 50, wherein the guest particles are selected from the list comprising a single atom, single organic molecule, single inorganic molecule, macromolecule, polymer molecule, group of atoms, inorganic nano-crystal, group of molecules, molecular nano-crystal, non-ordered nano-particle.

64. A method according to claim 50, wherein the guest particles are made of at least one inorganic material.

65. A method according to claim 50, wherein the guest particles are made of at least one organic material.

66. A method according to claim 64 or 65, wherein the guest particles are pigments.

67. A method according to claim 65, wherein the guest particles are dye molecules.

68. A method according to claim 50, wherein the guest particles are optically isotropic particles.

69. A method according to claim 50, wherein the guest particles are optically anisotropic.

70. A method according to claim 67, wherein at least one dye molecule has a general structural formula corresponding to structures 71 to 79:

71. A method according to claim 50, wherein the substrate is made of one or several materials of the group comprising diamond, quartz, plastics, glasses, ceramics, and comprises at least one element of the group comprising color filter substrate, circuit features, multilevel interconnects, and TFT-array substrate.

72. A method according to claim 50, wherein said liquid layer further comprises a solvent selected from the group comprising water, water-miscible solvent, alcohol-based solvent, and any combination thereof.

73. A method according to claim 72, wherein the solvent is water.

74. A method according to claim 50, wherein the drying is executed in airflow.

75. A method according to claim 50, further comprising a pretreatment step before the application onto the substrate.

76. A method according to claim 75, wherein the pretreatment comprises the step of making the surface of the substrate hydrophilic.

77. A method according to claim 75 or 76, wherein the pretreatment further comprises an application of a planarization layer.

78. A method according to claim 50, further comprising a post-treatment step with a solution of any aqueous-soluble inorganic salt with a cation selected from the group containing H⁺, NH₄⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, Li⁺, Cs⁺, Ba⁺⁺, Ca⁺⁺, Mg⁺⁺, Sr⁺⁺, La³⁺, Zn⁺⁺, Zr⁴⁺, Ce³, Y³⁺, Yb³⁺, Gd³⁺ and any combination thereof.

79. A method according to claim 78, wherein the application step and post-treatment step are carried out simultaneously.

80. A method according to claim 78 or 79, wherein the drying and post-treatment steps are carried out simultaneously.

81. A method according to claim 78 or 79, wherein the post-treatment step is carried out after drying.

82. A method according to claim 50, wherein the coating solution is an isotropic solution.

83. A method according to claim 50, wherein the coating solution is a lyotropic liquid crystal solution.

84. A method according to claim 50, wherein the application step is made of a gel.

85. A method according to claim 50, wherein the application step is made of a viscous liquid phase.

86. A method according to claim 50, wherein the alignment action is applied onto said liquid layer simultaneously with the application of the coating solution.

87. A color liquid crystal display comprising

a liquid crystal cell,

first and second polarizers arranged on each side of the liquid crystal cell, and

at least one compensation panel located between said polarizers,

wherein the compensation panel comprises at least one optically anisotropic layer based on an ordered guest-host system,

wherein the guest-host system comprising

an anisotropic host matrix comprising an organic compound transparent to electromagnetic radiation in the visible spectral range, and

a guest component comprising guest particles,

wherein the guest particles provide an absorption additional to an absorption of the anisotropic host matrix, and

wherein said additional absorption is realized in at least one principal direction of the anisotropic host matrix in at least one subrange of the wavelength range from approximately 250 to 2500 nm.

1. An optically anisotropic compensation panel comprising at least one optically anisotropic layer based on an ordered guest-host system comprising

an anisotropic host matrix, and

a guest component comprising guest particles,

wherein the anisotropic host matrix comprises an organic compound transparent to electromagnetic radiation in the visible spectral range, the guest particles provide an absorption additional to an absorption of the anisotropic host matrix, and

said additional absorption is realized in at least one principal direction of the anisotropic host matrix in at least one subrange of the wavelength range from approximately 250 to 2500 nm;

and

wherein the compensation panel possesses a spectrally controllable dispersion of refractive indices.

2. An optically anisotropic compensation panel according to claim 1, wherein the optically anisotropic layer is characterized by three principal refractive indices (n_x, n_y and n_z), at least one of which satisfies the following condition where ∂

n_u(λ

)/∂

λ

≧

0 in at least one subrange of the visible spectral range, and wherein the subscript u is selected from the list comprising x, y and z.

3. An optically anisotropic compensation panel according to claim 1, wherein the optically anisotropic layer possesses biaxial properties of B_A-type and is characterized by an in-plane difference of refractive indices Δ

_in(λ

)=|n_y(λ

)−

n_x(λ

)|, which satisfies the condition ∂

Δ

_in(λ

)/∂

λ

≧

0 in at least one subrange of the visible spectral range.

4. An optically anisotropic compensation panel according to claim 3, wherein the optically anisotropic layer is further characterized by an out-of-plane difference of refractive indices Δ

_out(λ

)=|n_z(λ

)−

n_x(λ

)| which satisfies the condition ∂

Δ

_out(λ

)/∂

λ

≧

0 in at least one wavelength subrange of the visible spectral range.

5. An optically anisotropic compensation panel according to claim 1, wherein the optically anisotropic layer possesses biaxial properties of B_A-type and is characterized by an out-of-plane difference of refractive indices Δ

_out(λ

)=|n_z(λ

)−

n_x(λ

)| which satisfies the condition ∂

Δ

_out(λ

)/∂

λ

≧

0 in at least one wavelength subrange of the visible spectral range.

6. An optically anisotropic compensation panel according to claim 1, wherein the optically anisotropic layer possesses uniaxial properties of negative A-type and is characterized by an in-plane difference of refractive indices Δ

_in(λ

)=|n_y(λ

)−

n_x(λ

)| which satisfies the condition ∂

Δ

_in(λ

)/∂

λ

≧

0 in at least one wavelength subrange of the visible spectral range.

7. An optically anisotropic compensation panel according to claim 1, wherein the optically anisotropic layer possesses uniaxial properties of positive A-type and is characterized by an in-plane difference of refractive indices Δ

_in(λ

)=|n_y(λ

)−

n_x(λ

)| which satisfies the condition ∂

Δ

_in(λ

)/∂

λ

≧

0 in at least one wavelength subrange of the visible spectral range.

8. An optically anisotropic compensation panel according to claim 1, wherein the optically anisotropic layer possesses biaxial properties of A_C-type and is characterized by an in-plane difference of refractive indices Δ

_in(λ

)=|n_y(λ

)−

n_x(λ

)| which satisfies the condition ∂

Δ

_in(λ

)/∂

λ

≧

0 in at least one wavelength subrange of the visible spectral range.

9. An optically anisotropic compensation panel according to claim 8, wherein the optically anisotropic layer is further characterized by an out-of-plane difference of refractive indices Δ

_out(λ

)=|n_x(λ

)−

n_z(λ

)| which satisfies the condition ∂

Δ

_out(λ

)/∂

λ

≧

0 in at least one wavelength subrange of the visible spectral range.

10. An optically anisotropic compensation panel according to claim 1, wherein the optically anisotropic layer possesses biaxial properties of A_C-type and is characterized by an out-of-plane difference of refractive indices Δ

_out(λ

)=|n_x(λ

)−

n_z(λ

)| which satisfies the condition ∂

Δ

_out(λ

)/∂

λ

≧

0 in at least one wavelength subrange of the visible spectral range.

11. An optically anisotropic compensation panel according to claim 1, wherein the optically anisotropic layer possesses uniaxial properties of negative C-type and is characterized by an out-of-plane difference of refractive indices Δ

_out(λ

)=|n_x(λ

)−

n_z(λ

)| which satisfies the condition ∂

Δ

_out(λ

)/∂

λ

≧

0 in at least one wavelength subrange of the visible spectral range.

12. An optically anisotropic compensation panel according to claim 1, wherein the optically anisotropic layer possesses uniaxial properties of positive C-type and is characterized by an out-of-plane difference of refractive indices Δ

_out(λ

)=|n_z(λ

)−

n_x(λ

)| which satisfies the condition ∂

Δ

_out(λ

)/∂

λ

≧

0 in at least one wavelength subrange of the visible spectral range.

13. An optically anisotropic compensation panel according to any of claims 3 to 4 or 6 to 9, wherein the in-plane difference of refractive indices Δ

_in(λ

) obeys the following condition;

spectral dispersion factors (Δ

_in,450/Δ

_in,550) and (Δ

_in,550/Δ

_in,650) are in a range of 0.4-1.0, wherein Δ

_in,450, Δ

_in,550 and Δ

_in,650 are values of the in-plain differences of refractive indices at wavelengths of 450 nm, 550 nm and 650 nm respectively.

14. An optically anisotropic compensation panel according to any of claims 4 to 5 or 9 to 12, wherein the out-of-plane difference of refractive indices Δ

_out(λ

) obeys the following condition;

spectral dispersion factors (Δ

_out,450/Δ

_out,550) and (Δ

_out,550/Δ

_out,650) are in a range of 0.4-1.0, wherein Δ

_out,450, Δ

_out,550 and Δ

_out,650 are values of the out-of-plane differences of refractive indices Δ

_out(λ

) at wavelengths of 450 nm, 550 nm and 650 nm respectively.

15. An optically anisotropic compensation panel according to claim 1, wherein the organic compound for the host matrix has a general structural formula I

16. An optically anisotropic compensation panel according to claim 15, wherein polycyclic molecular system Sys is substantially transparent in the visible spectral range.

17. An optically anisotropic compensation panel according to any of claims 15 or 16, wherein Sys has a general structural formula from the list comprising structures II to XLVI:

18. An optically anisotropic compensation panel according to claim 15, wherein the counterion is selected from the list comprising H⁺, NH₄⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, Li⁺, Ba⁺⁺, Ca⁺⁺, Mg⁺⁺, Sr⁺⁺, Cs⁺, Pb⁺⁺, and Zn⁺⁺.

19. An optically anisotropic compensation panel according to claim 1, wherein the organic compound is an oligophenyl derivative.

20. An optically anisotropic compensation panel according to claim 19, wherein the oligophenyl derivative has a general structural formula corresponding to one of structures 1 to 7:

21. An optically anisotropic compensation panel according to claim 1, wherein the organic compound is selected from the list comprising derivatives of 1H,1′

H-2,2′

-bibenzimidazole, derivatives of 2,2′

-bi-1,3-benzoxazole, and derivatives of 2,2′

-bi-1,3-benzothiazole and has a general structural formula corresponding to one of structures 8 to 26;

22. An optically anisotropic compensation panel according to claim 1, wherein the organic compound is a “

triazine”

derivative and has a general structural formula corresponding to one of structures 27 to 29;

23. An optically anisotropic compensation panel according to claim 1, wherein the organic compound is an acenaphthoquinoxaline derivative.

24. An optically anisotropic compensation panel according to claim 23, wherein the acenaphthoquinoxaline derivative comprises carboxylic and/or sulfonic groups and has a general structural formula corresponding to one of structures 30 to 48:

25. An optically anisotropic compensation panel according to claim 1, wherein the organic compound is a 6,7-dihydrobenzimidazo[1,2-c]quinazolin-6-one derivative.

26. An optically anisotropic compensation panel according to claim 25, wherein the 6,7-dihydrobenzimidazo[1,2-c]quinazolin-6-one derivative comprises carboxylic and/or sulfonic groups and said derivative has a general structural formula from the group comprising structures 49 to 70:

27. An optically anisotropic compensation panel according to claim 1, wherein the anisotropic host matrix is characterized by three principal refractive indices (n_x,h, n_y,h and n_z,h) which possess normal spectral dispersion ∂

n_u(λ

)/∂

λ

<

0 in the visible spectral range, and wherein the subscript u is selected from the list comprising x, y and z.

28. An optically anisotropic compensation panel according to claim 1, wherein the anisotropic host matrix possesses biaxial properties of B_A-type and is characterized by an in-plane difference of refractive indices Δ

_in,h(λ

)=|n_y,h(λ

)−

n_x,h(λ

)| possessing a normal spectral dispersion (∂

Δ

_in,h(λ

)/∂

λ

<

0) in the visible spectral range.

29. An optically anisotropic compensation panel according to claim 28, wherein the anisotropic host matrix is further characterized by an out-of-plane difference of refractive indices Δ

_out,h(λ

)=|n_x,h(λ

)−

n_z,h(λ

)| possessing a normal spectral dispersion (∂

Δ

_out,h(λ

)/∂

λ

<

0) in the visible spectral range.

30. An optically anisotropic compensation panel according to claim 1, wherein the anisotropic host matrix possesses biaxial properties of B_A-type and is characterized by an out-of-plane difference of refractive indices Δ

_out,h(λ

)=n_x,h(λ

)−

n_z,h(λ

)| possessing normal dispersion (∂

Δ

_out,h(λ

)/∂

λ

<

0) in the visible spectral range.

31. An optically anisotropic compensation panel according to any of claims 29 or 30, wherein the anisotropic host matrix comprises anisotropic supramolecules characterized by a polarizability tensor, for which one of its principal axes is substantially parallel to the x-axis.

32. An optically anisotropic compensation panel according to claim 1, wherein the anisotropic host matrix possesses uniaxial properties of positive A-type and is characterized by an in-plane difference of refractive indices Δ

_in,h(λ

)=|n_y,h(λ

)−

n_x,h(λ

)| possessing normal dispersion (∂

Δ

_in,h(λ

)/∂

λ

<

0) in the visible spectral range.

33. An optically anisotropic compensation panel according to claim 1, wherein the anisotropic host matrix possesses uniaxial properties of negative A-type and is characterized by an in-plane difference of refractive indices Δ

_in,h(λ

)=|n_y,h(λ

)−

n_x,h(λ

)| possessing normal dispersion (∂

Δ

_in,h(λ

)/∂

λ

<

0) in the visible spectral range.

34. An optically anisotropic compensation panel according to any of claims 32 or 33, wherein the anisotropic host matrix comprises uniaxial anisotropic supramolecules which are oriented with one of their principal axes substantially parallel to the x-axis, wherein one of principal directions of polarizability tensor of said supramolecules coincides with this principal axis of supramolecule, and other two principal axes may be chosen in a perpendicular plane arbitrarily and principal values of the polarizability tensor along these chosen two principal axes are substantially equal.

35. An optically anisotropic compensation panel according to claim 1, wherein the anisotropic host matrix possesses biaxial properties of A_C-type and is characterized by a difference of refractive indices A_out,h(λ

)=|n_x,h(λ

)−

n_z,h(λ

)| possessing a normal spectral dispersion (∂

Δ

_out,h(λ

)/∂

λ

<

0) in the visible spectral range.

36. An optically anisotropic compensation panel according to claim 35, wherein the anisotropic host matrix is further characterized by an in-plane difference of refractive indices Δ

_in,h(λ

)=|n_y,h(λ

)−

n_x,h(λ

)| possessing a normal dispersion (∂

Δ

_in,h(λ

)/∂

λ

<

0) in the visible spectral range.

37. An optically anisotropic compensation panel according to claim 1, wherein the anisotropic host matrix possesses biaxial properties of A_C-type and is characterized by an in-plane difference of refractive indices Δ

_in,h(λ

)=n_y,h(λ

)−

n_x,h(λ

)| possessing a normal spectral dispersion (∂

Δ

_in,h(λ

)/∂

λ

<

0) in the visible spectral range.

38. An optically anisotropic compensation panel according to claim 1, wherein the anisotropic host matrix possesses uniaxial properties of positive C-type and is characterized by an out-of-plane difference of refractive indices Δ

_out,h(λ

)=|n_z,h(λ

)−

n_x,h(λ

)| possessing a normal spectral dispersion (∂

Δ

_out,h(λ

)/∂

λ

<

0) in the visible spectral range.

39. An optically anisotropic compensation panel according to claim 1, wherein the anisotropic host matrix possesses uniaxial properties of negative C-type and is characterized by an out-of-plane difference of refractive indices Δ

_out,h(λ

)=|n_x,h(λ

)−

n_z,h(λ

)| possessing a normal spectral dispersion (∂

Δ

_out,h(λ

)/∂

λ

<

0) in the visible spectral range.

40. An optically anisotropic compensation panel according to claim 1, wherein the guest absorbing particle is selected from the list comprising a single atom, single organic molecule, single inorganic molecule, macromolecule, polymer molecule, group of atoms, inorganic nano-crystal, group of molecules, molecular nano-crystal, and non-ordered nano-particle.

41. An optically anisotropic compensation panel according to claim 1, wherein the guest particles are made of at least one inorganic material.

42. An optically anisotropic compensation panel according to claim 1, wherein the guest particles are made of at least one organic material.

43. An optically anisotropic compensation panel according to any of claims 41 or 42, wherein the guest particles are pigments.

44. An optically anisotropic compensation panel according to claim 42, wherein the guest particles are dye molecules.

45. An optically anisotropic compensation panel according to claim 1, wherein the guest particles are optically isotropic particles.

46. An optically anisotropic compensation panel according to claim 1, wherein the guest particles are optically anisotropic particles.

47. An optically anisotropic compensation panel according to claim 44, wherein at least one dye molecule has a general structural formula corresponding to structures 71 to 79:

48. An optically anisotropic compensation panel according to claim 1, further comprising a substrate.

49. An optically anisotropic compensation panel according to claim 48, wherein the substrate is made of one or several materials of the group comprising diamond, quartz, plastics, glasses, ceramics, and comprises at least one element of the group comprising color filter substrate, circuit features, multilevel interconnects, and TFT-array substrate.

88. A color liquid crystal display according to claim 87, further comprising a color filter.

89. A color liquid crystal display according to claim 88, wherein the color filter has a configuration selected from the list comprises stripe, mosaic and delta configurations.

90. A color liquid crystal display according to claim 87, wherein the organic compound has a general structural formula I

91. A color liquid crystal display according to claim 90, wherein the polycyclic molecular system Sys is substantially transparent in the visible spectral range.

92. A color liquid crystal display according to any of claims 90 or 91, wherein the polycyclic molecular system Sys has a general structural formula from the list comprising structures II to XLVI:

93. A color liquid crystal display according to claim 90, wherein the counterion is selected from the list comprising H⁺, NH₄⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, Li⁺, Ba⁺⁺, Ca⁺⁺, Mg⁺⁺, Sr⁺⁺, Cs⁺, Pb⁺⁺, and Zn⁺⁺.

94. A color liquid crystal display according to claim 87, wherein the organic compound is an oligophenyl derivative.

95. A color liquid crystal display according to claim 94, wherein the oligophenyl derivative has a general structural formula corresponding to one of structures 1 to 7:

96. A color liquid crystal display according to claim 87, wherein the organic compound is a bibenzimidazole derivative and has a general structural formula corresponding to one of structures 8 to 26:

97. A color liquid crystal display according to claim 87, wherein the organic compound is a “

triazine”

derivative and has a general structural formula corresponding to one of structures 27 to 29;

98. A color liquid crystal display according to claim 87, wherein the organic compound is an acenaphthoquinoxaline derivative.

99. A color liquid crystal display according to claim 98, wherein the acenaphthoquinoxaline derivative comprises carboxylic and/or sulfonic groups and has a general structural formula corresponding to one of structures 30 to 48:

100. A color liquid crystal display according to claim 87, wherein the organic compound is a 6,7-dihydrobenzimidazo[1,2-c]quinazolin-6-one derivative.

101. A color liquid crystal display according to claim 100, wherein the 6,7-dihydrobenzimidazo[1,2-c]quinazolin-6-one derivative comprises carboxylic and/or sulfonic groups and said derivative has a general structural formula from the group comprising structures 49 to 70:

102. A color liquid crystal display according to claim 87, wherein the optically anisotropic layer is characterized by three principal refractive indices (n_x, n_y and n_z) at least one of which satisfies the condition ∂

n_u(λ

)/∂

λ

≧

0 in at least one wavelength subrange of the visible spectral range, wherein the inferior index u is selected from the list comprising x, y and z.

103. A color liquid crystal display according to claim 87, wherein the optically anisotropic layer possesses biaxial properties of B_A-type and is characterized by an in-plane difference of refractive indices Δ

_in(λ

)=|n_y(λ

)−

n_x(λ

)| which satisfies the condition ∂

Δ

_in(λ

)/∂

λ

≧

0 in at least one wavelength subrange of the visible spectral range.

104. A color liquid crystal display according to claim 103, wherein the optically anisotropic layer is further characterized by an out-of-plane difference of refractive indices Δ

_out(λ

)=|n_z(λ

)−

n_x(λ

)| which satisfies the condition ∂

Δ

_out(λ

)/∂

λ

≧

0 in at least one wavelength subrange of the visible spectral range.

105. A color liquid crystal display according to claim 87, wherein the optically anisotropic layer possesses biaxial properties of B_A-type and is characterized by an out-of-plane difference of refractive indices Δ

_out(λ

)=|n_z(λ

)−

n_x(λ

)| which satisfies the condition ∂

Δ

_out(λ

)/∂

λ

≧

0 in at least one wavelength subrange of the visible spectral range.

106. A color liquid crystal display according to claim 87, wherein the optically anisotropic layer possesses uniaxial properties of negative A-type and is characterized by an in-plane difference of refractive indices Δ

_in(λ

)=|n_y(λ

)−

n_x(λ

)| which satisfies the condition ∂

Δ

_in(λ

)/∂

λ

≧

0 in at least one wavelength subrange of the visible spectral range.

107. A color liquid crystal display according to claim 87, wherein the optically anisotropic layer possesses uniaxial properties of positive A-type and is characterized by an in-plane difference of refractive indices Δ

_in(λ

)=|n_y(λ

)−

n_x(λ

)| which satisfies the condition ∂

Δ

_in(λ

)/∂

λ

≧

0 in at least one wavelength subrange of the visible spectral range.

108. A color liquid crystal display according to claim 87, wherein the optically anisotropic layer possesses biaxial properties of A_C-type and is characterized by an in-plane difference of refractive indices Δ

_in(λ

)=|n_y(λ

)−

n_x(λ

)| which satisfies the condition ∂

Δ

_in(λ

)/∂

λ

≧

0 in at least one wavelength subrange of the visible spectral range.

109. A color liquid crystal display according to claim 108, wherein the optically anisotropic layer is further characterized by an out-of-plane difference of refractive indices Δ

_out(λ

)=|n_x(λ

)−

n_z(λ

)| which satisfies the condition ∂

Δ

_out(λ

)/∂

λ

≧

0 in at least one wavelength subrange of the visible spectral range.

110. A color liquid crystal display according to claim 87, wherein the optically anisotropic layer possesses biaxial properties of A_C-type and is characterized by an out-of-plane difference of refractive indices Δ

_out(λ

)=|n_x(λ

)−

n_z(λ

)| which satisfies the condition ∂

Δ

_out(λ

)/∂

λ

≧

0 in at least one wavelength subrange of the visible spectral range.

111. A color liquid crystal display according to claim 87, wherein the optically anisotropic layer possesses uniaxial properties of negative C-type and is characterized by an out-of-plane difference of refractive indices Δ

_out(λ

)=|n_x(λ

)−

n_z(λ

)| which satisfies the condition ∂

Δ

_out(λ

)/∂

λ

≧

0 in at least one wavelength subrange of the visible spectral range.

112. A color liquid crystal display according to claim 87, wherein the optically anisotropic layer possesses uniaxial properties of positive C-type and is characterized by an out-of-plane difference of refractive indices Δ

_out(λ

)=|n_z(λ

)−

n_x(λ

)| which satisfies the condition ∂

Δ

_out(λ

)/∂

λ

≧

0 in at least one wavelength subrange of the visible spectral range.

113. A color liquid crystal display according to any of claims 103 to 104 or 106 to 109, wherein the in-plane difference of refractive indices Δ

_in(λ

) obeys the following condition;

a wavelength dispersion factors (Δ

_in,450/Δ

_in,550) and (Δ

_in,550/Δ

_in,650) are in a range of 0.4-1.0, wherein Δ

_in,450, Δ

_in,550 and Δ

_in,650 are values of the in-plain differences of refractive indices at wavelengths of 450 nm, 550 nm and 650 nm respectively.

114. A color liquid crystal display according to any of claims 104 to 105 or 109 to 112, wherein the out-of-plane difference of refractive indices Δ

_out(λ

) obeys the following condition;

spectral dispersion factors (Δ

_out,450/Δ

_out,550) and (Δ

_out,550/Δ

_out,650) are in a range of 0.4-1.0, wherein Δ

_out,450, Δ

_out,550 and Δ

_out,650 are values of the out-of-plane differences of the refractive indices Δ

_out(λ

) at wavelengths of 450 nm, 550 nm and 650 nm respectively.

115. A color liquid crystal display according to claim 87, wherein the guest particles are selected from the list comprising a single atom, single organic molecule, single inorganic molecule, macromolecule, polymer molecule, group of atoms, inorganic nano-crystal, group of molecules, molecular nano-crystal, and non-ordered nano-particle.

116. A color liquid crystal display according to claim 87, wherein the guest particles are made of at least one inorganic material.

117. A color liquid crystal display according to claim 87, wherein the guest particles are made of at least one organic material.

118. A color liquid crystal display according to any of claims 116 or 117, wherein the guest particles are pigments.

119. A color liquid crystal display according to claim 117, wherein the guest particles are dye molecules.

120. A color liquid crystal display according to claim 87, wherein the guest particles are optically isotropic particles.

121. A color liquid crystal display according to claim 87, wherein the guest particles are optically anisotropic particles.

122. A color liquid crystal display according to claim 119, wherein at least one dye molecule has a general structural formula corresponding to structures 71 to 79:

123. A color liquid crystal display according to claim 122, wherein the substrate is made of one or several materials of the group comprising diamond, quartz, plastics, glasses, ceramics, and comprises at least one element of the group comprising the color filter substrate, circuit features, multilevel interconnects, and a TFT-array substrate.

124. A color liquid crystal display according to claim 87, wherein the liquid crystal cell is an in-plane switching mode liquid crystal cell.

125. A color liquid crystal display according to claim 87, wherein the liquid crystal cell is a vertically-aligned mode liquid crystal cell.

126. A color liquid crystal display according to claim 87, wherein the compensation panel is located inside the liquid crystal cell.

127. A color liquid crystal display according to claim 87, wherein the compensation panel is located outside the liquid crystal cell.

122-1. A color liquid crystal display according to claim 87, wherein the compensation panel further comprises a substrate.