REDOX SHUTTLES FOR HIGH VOLTAGE CATHODES
First Claim
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1. A rechargeable electrochemical cell comprising:
- a positive electrode having at least one electroactive material having a recharged potential;
a negative electrode;
a charge-carrying electrolyte comprising a charge carrying medium and an electrolyte salt; and
a cyclable redox chemical shuttle comprising an aromatic compound substituted with at least one tertiary alkyl group and at least one halogenated alkoxy group, dissolved in or dissolvable in the electrolyte and having an oxidation potential above the recharged potential of at least one of the electroactive materials of the positive electrode principal electroactive material.
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Abstract
Overcharge protection is provided for rechargeable electrochemical lithium-ion cells. The electrolyte in the provided cells contains a cyclable redox shuttle molecule that can operate in cells with high voltage cathode materials.
46 Citations
20 Claims
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1. A rechargeable electrochemical cell comprising:
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a positive electrode having at least one electroactive material having a recharged potential; a negative electrode; a charge-carrying electrolyte comprising a charge carrying medium and an electrolyte salt; and a cyclable redox chemical shuttle comprising an aromatic compound substituted with at least one tertiary alkyl group and at least one halogenated alkoxy group, dissolved in or dissolvable in the electrolyte and having an oxidation potential above the recharged potential of at least one of the electroactive materials of the positive electrode principal electroactive material. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 19)
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10. A rechargeable electrochemical cell comprising:
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a positive electrode having at least one electroactive material having a recharged potential; a negative electrode; a charge-carrying electrolyte comprising a charge carrying medium and an electrolyte salt; and a cyclable redox chemical shuttle comprising an alkoxy-substituted fluoronaphthalene compound dissolved in or dissolvable in the electrolyte and having an oxidation potential above the recharged potential of at least one of the electroactive materials of the positive electrode. - View Dependent Claims (11, 12, 13, 14)
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15. A rechargeable lithium-ion cell comprising:
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a positive electrode having at least one electroactive material having a recharged potential and comprising LiFePO4;
Li2FeSiO4;
MnO2;
LiMn2O4;
LiMnPO4;
LiCoO2;
LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4;
lithium mixed metal oxides of nickel, cobalt, and aluminum;
lithium mixed metal oxides of manganese, nickel, and cobalt;
combinations of the above;
or doped versions thereof,a negative electrode comprising graphitic carbon, lithium metal, lithium titanate, or a lithium alloy; and a charge-carrying electrolyte comprising; a charge-carrying media comprising ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, vinylene carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, or combinations thereof, a lithium salt with high ionic conductivity; and a cyclable redox chemical shuttle selected from an aromatic compound substituted with at least one tertiary alkyl group and at least one halogenated alkoxy group, an alkoxy-substituted fluoronaphthalene compound, octafluoronaphthalene, or a combination thereof, wherein the shuttle is dissolved in or dissolvable in the electrolyte and wherein the shuttle has an oxidation potential above the recharged potential of at least one of the electroactive materials of the positive electrode. - View Dependent Claims (16, 20)
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17. A method of making a rechargeable electrochemical cell comprising:
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providing a cell containing a positive electrode having at least one electroactive material having a recharged potential, and a negative electrode; and adding a charge-carrying electrolyte comprising a charge carrying medium and an electrolyte salt to the cell, and a cyclable redox chemical shuttle selected from an aromatic compound substituted with at least one tertiary alkyl group and at least one halogenated alkoxy group, an alkoxy-substituted fluoronaphthalene compound, or a combination thereof, wherein the shuttle is dissolved in or dissolvable in the electrolyte and wherein the shuttle has an oxidation potential above the recharged potential of at least one of the electroactive materials of the positive electrode.
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18. An electrolyte solution comprising a charge-carrying medium, an electrolyte salt, and a cyclable redox chemical shuttle selected from an aromatic compound substituted with at least one tertiary alkyl group and at least one halogenated alkoxy group, an alkoxy-substituted fluoronaphthalene compound, or a combination thereof, wherein the redox chemical shuttle has a reversible oxidation potential from about 3.7 V to about 4.8 V vs. Li/Li+.
Specification