WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS

• US 20090303034A1
• Filed: 06/10/2009
• Published: 12/10/2009
• Est. Priority Date: 06/10/2008
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Fujitsu Limited
• Original Assignee: Fujitsu Limited
• Inventors: ABEDI, Saied
• Granted Patent: US 8,310,359 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 340/539.100
• CPC Class Codes: G06Q 10/04 Forecasting or optimisation specially adapted for administrative or management purposes, e.g. linear programming or "cutting stock problem" market predictions or forecasting for commercial activities G06Q30/0202
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 16/18 Network planning tools
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 4/02 Services making use of location information
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 4/029 Location-based management or tracking services

Abstract

A wireless sensor network having mobile sensors (64, 65) is provided with a mobile sink (70). To re-position the sink, candidate sink positions are found using information from the sensors. The candidate sink locations are then assessed to give a measure of their suitability to act as the new permanent position. To do this, the sink moves to each of the candidate positions in turn and obtains data and/or signals from the sensors (64, 65) within range to estimate a total throughput expected if the sink is located at that position. The sink then transfers to the most suitable candidate position permanently, until the dynamic repositioning process is triggered again. In this way it is possible to achieve a better performance than if only the centre of gravity of the sink range is taken into account to position the sink. In the second embodiment, sensors are allowed to have their say in future positioning of the sink; this involves providing a capability for the sensor that makes it possible to consider both distance from the sink and the remaining battery power to come up with the best desired maximum information rate. In effect, the sensors and sink make a collective decision on the future location of the sink.

Claims

1. A method of relocating a mobile sink in a wireless sensor network, the wireless sensor network comprising sensors for transmitting sensor data and the mobile sink, the method including:

selecting candidate sink locations;

finding the suitability of each candidate sink location using a calculation producing a result indicating the suitability of the candidate sink location for communication with a plurality of the sensors;

comparing the result for each candidate sink location to determine the most suitable candidate sink location; and

locating the mobile sink at the most suitable candidate sink location by physically positioning the mobile sink.

2. The method according to claim 1 further including the sensors transmitting sensor information for use during the locating method.

3. The method according claim 1, wherein the selection of candidate sink locations includes identifying the centre of gravity of the sensors within reception range of the sink and selecting locations surrounding the centre of gravity.

4. The method according to claim 2, wherein the sensor information includes sensor location information, the location information being subsequently used to identify the centre of gravity during the selection of candidate sink locations.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein finding the suitability of each candidate sink location includes physically positioning the sink at that location and receiving transmissions from the sensors within range of that location.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein finding the suitability of each candidate sink location includes the sensors within range of that candidate sink location sending a reference signal to assist the sink in estimating a channel between the sensor and the potential sink and the sink performing the calculation based on the reference signal received from those sensors at that candidate sink location.

7. The method according to claim 6 wherein the sink determines a transmission rate achievable from each sensor by estimating the channel and taking into account the sensor information transmitted to the sink by the sensors.

8. The method according to claim 7 wherein the sink calculates a total transmission rate for the sensors within its range, and compares the result for each candidate location to determine the most suitable candidate sink location.

9. The method according to claim 2, wherein the sensor information includes desired rate information of the sensor indicating a transmission rate with which the sensor wishes to send data to the sink, and finding the suitability of each candidate sink location includes the sink calculating a distance related to the probability at each candidate sink location that the transmission rate from each sensor will fall below the desired rate owing to limitations of the channel between them.

10. The method according to claim 9 wherein the sink calculates a total distance related to probability for all the sensors within range for each candidate sink location and wherein the most suitable candidate sink location is the location with the lowest total distance.

11. The method according to claim 9 wherein each sensor obtains the desired rate information on the basis of the sensor information, including its distance from the sink and energy available to the sensor.

12. The method according to claim 1, wherein the sink carries out normal sensor data reception and transmission when it is in each candidate location.

13. A wireless sensor network comprising sensors and a mobile sink, wherein:

the sensors are operable to transmit sensor data and sensor information to the mobile sink;

the mobile sink is operable to select two or more candidate sink locations using the sensor information;

the sink is operable to find the suitability of the candidate sink locations using a calculation producing a result indicating suitability for communication with a plurality of the sensors; and

the sink is operable to compare the result for each candidate sink location to determine the most suitable candidate sink location and to move to the most suitable candidate sink location thus found.

14. A sensor for use in a wireless sensor network comprising sensors and a sink, the sensor comprising:

a wireless transceiver for transmitting data to the sink;

a sensor for sensing the data;

a memory for temporarily holding the data;

an energy source; and

desired rate calculating means for finding, based on an energy capacity of the energy source and a distance from the sink, a desired transmission rate for the data from the transceiver.

15. A device for use as a mobile sink in a wireless sensor network having sensors and the mobile sink, the device comprising:

a wireless transceiver for receiving and transmitting data within a communication range;

a selection element operable to select two or more candidate sink locations within the communication range;

a calculator operable to provide a measure of the potential sink location'"'"'s suitability for communication with a plurality of the sensors;

a deciding element operable to determine the most suitable candidate sink location based on said measure; and

a device repositioner operable to move the device to the most suitable candidate sink location.