ORGANELLES IN BIOANODES, BIOCATHODES, AND BIOFUEL CELLS
First Claim
1. A bioelectrode comprisingan electron conductor;
- at least one organelle comprising at least one enzyme; and
an organelle immobilization material capable of immobilizing the organelle;
wherein either the organelle is isolated from a cell or the organelle immobilization material is non-microbial.
1 Assignment
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Accused Products
Abstract
Bioanodes, biocathodes, and biofuel cells comprising an electron conductor, at least one anode organelle or cathode organelle, and an organelle immobilization material. The anode organelle is capable of reacting with a fuel fluid to produce an oxidized form of the fuel fluid, and capable of releasing electrons to the electron conductor. The cathode organelle is capable of reacting with an oxidant to produce water, and capable of gaining electrons from the electron conductor. The organelle immobilization material for both the anode organelle and the cathode organelle is capable of immobilizing the organelle, and is permeable to the fuel fluid and/or the oxidant. In various embodiments, the organelle immobilization material is further capable of stabilizing the organelle.
72 Citations
70 Claims
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1. A bioelectrode comprising
an electron conductor; -
at least one organelle comprising at least one enzyme; and an organelle immobilization material capable of immobilizing the organelle; wherein either the organelle is isolated from a cell or the organelle immobilization material is non-microbial. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 67, 68, 69)
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4-52. -52. (canceled)
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66. An organelle immobilized in an immobilization material capable of immobilizing the organelle, the material being permeable to a compound smaller than the organelle, wherein the immobilization material is either a non-naturally occurring colloidal material, an acellular colloidal material, a micellar material, or an inverted micellar material.
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70. A bioanode comprising
(a) an electron conductor; -
(b) at least one enzyme capable of reacting with a fuel fluid to produce an oxidized form of the fuel fluid, the enzyme either being capable of releasing electrons to the electron conductor or capable of releasing electrons to an electron mediator; and (c) an enzyme immobilization material capable of immobilizing and stabilizing the enzyme, the material being permeable to the fuel fluid; wherein the enzyme comprises a glycolysis enzyme, a Kreb'"'"'s cycle enzyme, or a combination thereof.
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Specification