DIRECT ELECTRON TRANSFER USING ENZYMES IN BIOANODES, BIOCATHODES, AND BIOFUEL CELLS
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Abstract
Bioanodes, biocathodes, and biofuel cells comprising an electron conductor, at least one anode enzyme A) or cathode enzyme, and an enzyme immobilization material. The anode enzyme is capable of reacting with a fuel fluid to produce an oxidized form of the fuel fluid, and capable of releasing electrons to the electron conductor. The cathode enzyme is capable of reacting with an oxidant to produce water, and capable of gaining electrons from the electron conductor. The enzyme immobilization material for both the anode enzyme and the cathode enzyme is capable of immobilizing and stabilizing the enzyme, and is permeable to the fuel fluid and/or the oxidant.
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Citations
59 Claims
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1-38. -38. (canceled)
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39. A bioanode comprising
(a) an electron conductor; -
(b) at least one anode enzyme capable of reacting with a fuel fluid to produce an oxidized form of the fuel fluid, the anode enzyme being capable of releasing electrons to the electron conductor; and (c) an enzyme immobilization material capable of immobilizing and stabilizing the enzyme, the material being permeable to the fuel fluid. - View Dependent Claims (40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 55, 59)
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47. A biocathode comprising:
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(a) an electron conductor; (b) at least one cathode enzyme capable of reacting with an oxidant to produce water, the cathode enzyme being capable of gaining electrons from the electron conductor; and (c) an enzyme immobilization material capable of immobilizing and stabilizing the enzyme, the material being permeable to the oxidant. - View Dependent Claims (48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 56, 57, 58)
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Specification