HIGH EFFICIENCY LIGHT EMITTING DIODE (LED) WITH OPTIMIZED PHOTONIC CRYSTAL EXTRACTOR
First Claim
1. A method of fabricating a light emitting diode (LED), comprising:
- (a) forming an active layer on a substrate, wherein the active layer includes of one or more light emitting species;
(b) forming one or more optical confinement layers under or around the active layer; and
(c) forming one or more diffraction gratings on the LED, wherein the diffraction gratings are two-dimensional photonic crystals that extract light from the LED;
(d) wherein the optical confinement layers are formed to tailor a structure of guided modes within the LED to enhance light extraction by the photonic crystals, by exciting the guided modes localized above the optical confinement layers for extraction by the photonic crystals, and the photonic crystals convert the guided modes into extracted light from the LED.
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Abstract
A high efficiency, and possibly highly directional, light emitting diode (LED) with an optimized photonic crystal extractor. The LED is comprised of a substrate, a buffer layer grown on the substrate (if needed), an active layer including emitting species, one or more optical confinement layers that tailor the structure of the guided modes in the LED, and one or more diffraction gratings, wherein the diffraction gratings are two-dimensional photonic crystal extractors. The substrate may be removed and metal layers may be deposited on the buffer layer, photonic crystal and active layer, wherein the metal layers may function as a mirror, an electrical contact, and/or an efficient diffraction grating.
30 Citations
13 Claims
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1. A method of fabricating a light emitting diode (LED), comprising:
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(a) forming an active layer on a substrate, wherein the active layer includes of one or more light emitting species; (b) forming one or more optical confinement layers under or around the active layer; and (c) forming one or more diffraction gratings on the LED, wherein the diffraction gratings are two-dimensional photonic crystals that extract light from the LED; (d) wherein the optical confinement layers are formed to tailor a structure of guided modes within the LED to enhance light extraction by the photonic crystals, by exciting the guided modes localized above the optical confinement layers for extraction by the photonic crystals, and the photonic crystals convert the guided modes into extracted light from the LED. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13)
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Specification