Method And Apparatus For Radiographic Imaging

• US 20090310741A1
• Filed: 06/05/2009
• Published: 12/17/2009
• Est. Priority Date: 06/06/2008
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Cefla SC
• Original Assignee: Cefla SC
• Inventors: Nanni, Eros, Borghese, Nunzio Alberto, Rotondo, Giuseppe, Rinaldi, Gerardo, Frosio, Iuri
• Granted Patent: US 7,929,661 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 378/37
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0064 Body surface scanning
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/107 Measuring physical dimensions, e.g. size of the entire body or parts thereof
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/1072 measuring distances on the body, e.g. measuring length, height or thickness A61B5/1076 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/1075 for measuring dimensions by non-invasive methods, e.g. for determining thickness of tissue layer A61B8/0858 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/1077 Measuring of profiles
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/1176 Recognition of faces
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/4547 Evaluating teeth
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/469 for selecting a region of interest [ROI]
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/501 for diagnosis of the head, e.g. neuroimaging or craniography
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/502 for diagnosis of breast, i.e. mammography
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/51 for dentistry
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/544 dependent on patient size
• CPC Class Codes: G06V 10/141 Control of illumination
• CPC Class Codes: G06V 10/25 Determination of region of interest [ROI] or a volume of interest [VOI]
• CPC Class Codes: G06V 40/16 Human faces, e.g. facial parts, sketches or expressions

Abstract

A radiographic X-ray apparatus is equipped with multiple devices for the acquisition of anatomical data, in particular cameras. These devices are used to facilitate and automate the imaging process, providing: before exposure the automated identification of the specific anatomical features of the patient and the optimized presetting of the exposure technique factors and projection geometry, tailored on the actual anatomy of the patient; during exposure the optimized X-ray dose modulation, either automatically or selected by the operator, in order to correctly expose the various regions of interest, and accordingly impart reduced dose to other body parts, according to the actual anatomy of the patient and imaging requirements; after exposure the possibility to complement the radiographic image with additional information about the internal and external anatomy, providing valuable tools for the medical analysis and diagnosis.

Claims

1-28. -28. (canceled)

29. An apparatus for taking radiographic images of a patient comprising:

a imaging system having a high energy radiation source and a high energy radiation detector;

a patient support system to position a patient in a predefined position with respect to the imaging system,

at least one data acquisition device arranged to be used in connection with the generation of biometric data on the actual anatomy of the patient; and

a control unit adapted for controlling an imaging process in dependency of the biometric data, characterized in that

the at least one data acquisition device is arranged for the acquisition of multiple raw data regarding the anatomy of the patient and that

the control unit is arranged for identifying specific anatomical features of the actual anatomy of the patient by processing the multiple raw data, and for determining the multiple biometric data with respect to the identified specific anatomical features.

30. The apparatus according to claim 29, wherein a plurality of morphological parameters of the anatomy of the patient are obtainable as multiple biometric data.

31. The apparatus according to claim 29, wherein a profile of the anatomy of the patient is obtainable as multiple biometric data.

32. The apparatus according to claim 29, wherein the at least One data acquisition device is arranged for acquiring morphological raw data as multiple raw data in a contactless way.

33. The apparatus according to claim 32, wherein the at least one data acquisition device arranged for the acquisition of the morphological raw data is at least one device selected from the group comprising cameras adapted for taking views of the actual anatomy of the patient, devices adapted for taking three-dimensional images, devices which measure the traveling time of an acoustic or an electromagnetical signal in the radiofrequency or optical frequency range, or devices arranged for detecting a silhouette of the patient.

34. The apparatus according to claim 33, wherein the apparatus is provided with a mirror arrangement providing an additional perspective of the patient for the acquisition of the morphological raw data.

35. The apparatus according to claim 29, wherein the multiple raw data include anatomical raw data measured in contact with the patient.

36. The apparatus according to claim 35, wherein, for generating the anatomical raw data measured in contact with the patient, the apparatus is provided with devices selected from the group comprising devices adapted for measuring a movement or an acceleration of the patient.

37. The apparatus according to claim 29, wherein the apparatus is provided with a further data acquisition device acquiring biometric data and wherein the control unit is arranged for setting at least one operational parameter of the imaging process in dependency of the additional biometric data measured by the further data acquisition device.

38. The apparatus according to claim 37, wherein the further data acquisition device is arranged for measuring a weight or a length.

39. The apparatus according to claim 38, wherein the further data acquisition device arranged for determining a body height of the patient by the height at which the positioning system is adjusted for the patient.

40. The apparatus according to claim 29, wherein the control unit is arranged for processing the multiple raw data using statistical pattern matching for identifying the anatomical features.

41. The apparatus according to claim 29, wherein the control unit is arranged for using the biometric data to automatically set at least one of the operational parameters selected from the group of operational parameters including current and voltage of the radiation source (2), exposure timing and projection geometry, scanning speed of the imaging system and sensitivity of the detector according to the actual anatomy of the patient.

42. The apparatus according to claim 29, wherein the control unit is arranged for setting at least one operational parameter of the imaging process using at least one optimization criterion.

43. The apparatus according to claim 42, wherein the control unit is arranged for using the minimization of the dose of the patient under the condition of a given signal-to-noise ratio of the signals of the detector as optimization criterion.

44. The apparatus according to claim 29, wherein the control unit is arranged for using at least one of the automatically set operational parameters as a preset reference for an automatic exposure control method, wherein at the beginning of the exposure time an adjustment of the operational parameter is made by a closed loop control of the operational parameter depending on the average signal of pixels of the detector while allowing a limited range of variation around a preset reference value of the operational parameter.

45. The apparatus according to claim 29, wherein the control unit is arranged for using the raw data and/or biometric data for providing an automatic identification of the patient.

46. The apparatus according to claim 29, wherein the control unit is arranged for using the raw data and/or biometric data for providing an automatic identification of the true dental arch of the patient.

47. The apparatus according to claim 29, wherein the control unit is arranged for using the raw data and/or biometric data for an automatic determination of the spine position of the patient and for using the identified spine position to homogenize or adjust the level of exposure of the detector by automatically modulating the radiation intensity profile during the imaging process.

48. The apparatus according to claim 29, wherein the control unit is arranged for using the raw data and/or biometric data are for providing an automatic identification of the patient face transition from soft to bony tissue for use in lateral radiographic images of the head of the patient and wherein the control unit is arranged for using the identified transition from soft to bony tissue to homogenize the level of exposure or to avoid the radiation exposure of the soft tissue region by automatically modulating the radiation intensity profile or adjusting the detector sensitivity during the acquisition of the radiographic images of the skull of the patient.

49. The apparatus according to claim 29, wherein the control unit is arranged for using the raw data and/or biometric data for providing as an output the actual protrusion of incisors and wherein the control unit is arranged for automatically correcting the positioning errors caused by the inclination of the incisors and the deviation between the labial end of the incisors determining the position of the incisors in the positioning system and the root of the incisors, which determines the position of the dental arch profile.

50. The apparatus according to claim 29, wherein the control unit is arranged for using the raw data and/or biometric data for providing a two-dimensional or three-dimensional display of the anatomy of the patient and wherein the control unit is arranged for limiting the imaging process to a region of interest selected by the operator using a display of the patient anatomy.

51. The apparatus according to claim 50, wherein the control unit is arranged for using the selected region of interest to automatically control the imaging process, in order to perform either a partial acquisition limited to the region of interest or an acquisition with a differentiated operational parameter inside or outside of the region of interest, according to the preference of the operator.

52. The apparatus according to claim 29, wherein the control unit is arranged for processing the radiographic images and for using the raw data and/or biometric data for improving the image quality of the radiographic images.

53. The apparatus according to claim 29, wherein the control unit is arranged for using the biometric data for providing additional information supporting the medical diagnosis.

54. The apparatus according to claim 29, wherein the control unit is arranged for processing the acquired radiographic image and for producing as an output a synthesized lateral view of the skull of the patient with superimposed radiographic views and details of a camera view supporting the identification of morphological landmarks of the patient.

55. The apparatus according to claim 29, wherein the control unit is arranged for obtaining the synthesized image by using an image registration process.

56. The apparatus according to claim 29, wherein the radiographic imaging system is arranged for dental panoramic radiography, dental tomography, cephalography or mammography.