BRANCHED DECYL NITRATES AND THEIR USE AS COMBUSTION IMPROVERS AND/OR CETANE NUMBER IMPROVERS IN FUELS

• US 20090320354A1
• Filed: 01/25/2008
• Published: 12/31/2009
• Est. Priority Date: 01/29/2007
• Status: Abandoned Application

• Current Assignee: BASF SE
• Original Assignee: BASF SE
• Inventors: Karl, Jörn, Kormann, Claudius, Karrer, Lothar, Rebholz, Uwe, Nordmann, Gero
• Application Number:
  US12/524,169
• Publication Number:
  US 20090320354A1
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 44/325
• CPC Class Codes: C07C 203/04 having nitrate groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
• CPC Class Codes: C07C 29/175 with simultaneous reduction of an oxo group
• CPC Class Codes: C07C 31/125 containing five to twenty-two carbon atoms
• CPC Class Codes: C07C 45/50 by oxo-reactions
• CPC Class Codes: C07C 45/74 combined with dehydration
• CPC Class Codes: C07C 47/21 with only carbon-to-carbon double bonds as unsaturation
• CPC Class Codes: C10L 1/231 nitro compounds; nitrates; nitrites C10L1/221 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: C10L 1/2383 Polyamines or polyimines, or derivatives thereof (poly)amines and imines; derivatives thereof (substituted by a macromolecular group containing 30C) C10L1/221 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: C10L 10/12 for improving the cetane number

Abstract

Branched decyl nitrates of the formula R¹R²CH—CH₂—O—NO₂ in which R¹ is an n-propyl or isopropyl radical and R² is a linear or branched alkyl radical having 5 carbon atoms are suitable as combustion improvers and/or cetane number improvers in fuels.

Claims

1. A branched decyl nitrate of the formula I

R¹R²CH—

CH₂—

O—

NO₂ 

 

(I)

in which R¹ is an n-propyl or isopropyl radical and R² is a linear or branched alkyl radical having 5 carbon atoms.

2. A process for preparing a branched decyl nitrate according to claim 1, which comprises nitrating the corresponding branched decanol by means of a mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid.

3. A mixture of branched decyl nitrates comprising, as components,

from 10 to 99% by weight of 2-n-propylheptyl nitrate,

from 1 to 90% by weight of 2-n-propyl-4-methylhexyl nitrate and/or 2-n-propyl-5-methylhexylnitrate and

from 0 to 50% by weight of other branched decyl nitrates of the formula I according to claim 1,

where the sum of the components adds up to 100% by weight.

4. A process for preparing the mixture of branched decyl nitrates according to claim 3, comprising

(A) hydroformylating butenes to C₅-aldehydes,

(B) dimerizing the C₅-aldehydes by aldol condensation to give the corresponding C₁₀-acrolein derivates,

(C) hydrogenating the C₁₀-acrolein derivates to the corresponding decanols and

(D) nitrating the decanols by means of a mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid to give the mixture of branched decyl nitrates.

5. An additized fuel comprising a major proportion of a base fuel, a minor proportion of at least one branched decyl nitrate of the formula I

R¹R²CH—

CH₂—

O—

NO₂ 

 

(I)

in which R¹ is an n-propyl or isopropyl radical and R² is a linear or branched alkyl radical having 5 carbon atoms or of a mixture of branched decyl nitrates according to claim 3, and also, optionally, further customary fuel additives in the amounts customary therefor.

6. The additized fuel according to claim 5, comprising from 20 to 2000 ppm by weight of branched decyl nitrates.

7. The additized fuel according to claim 5, comprising a middle distillate fuel as the base fuel.

8. The additized fuel according to claim 5, comprising a gasoline fuel as the base fuel.

9. The additized fuel according to claim 5, comprising, as further fuel additives, at least one detergent based on a polyisobutenyl-substituted succinimide.

10. A fuel additive concentrate comprising, based in each case on the total amount of the fuel additive concentrate,

(A) from 0.5 to 80% by weight of at least one branched decyl nitrate of the formula I

R¹R²CH—

CH₂—

O—

NO₂ 

 

(I)

in which R¹ is an n-propyl or isopropyl radical and R² is a linear or branched alkyl radical having 5 carbon atoms or of a mixture of branched decyl nitrates according to claim 3 and

(B) from 0.5 to 60% by weight of at least one detergent.

11. A combustion improver and/or a cetane number improver in a fuel comprising a branched decyl nitrate of the formula I

R¹R²CH—

CH₂—

O—

NO₂ 

 

(I)

in which R¹ is an n-propyl or isopropyl radical and R² is a linear or branched alkyl radical having 5 carbon atoms or of a mixture of branched decyl nitrates according to claim 3.