Power System and Method for Supplying AC Power

• US 20090322154A1
• Filed: 07/06/2007
• Published: 12/31/2009
• Est. Priority Date: 07/31/2006
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha (Toyota Motor Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha (Toyota Motor Corporation)
• Inventors: Ishikawa, Tetsuhiro, Ichikawa, Shinji
• Granted Patent: US 8,058,836 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 307/82
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2210/20 AC to AC converters
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 50/16 with provision for separate direct mechanical propulsion
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 50/61 by batteries charged by engine-driven generators, e.g. series hybrid electric vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/14 Conductive energy transfer
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/31 Charging columns specially adapted for electric vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/65 involving identification of vehicles or their battery types
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/665 Methods related to measuring, billing or payment
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 10/26 for electrical energy, e.g. batteries or capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 20/00 Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles hybrid vehicle design, B60K6/00; electric vehicles B60L
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 2310/48 for electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 3/322 the battery being on-board an electric or hybrid vehicle, e.g. vehicle to grid arrangements [V2G], power aggregation, use of the battery for network load balancing, coordinated or cooperative battery charging
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 3/38 Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 3/40 Synchronising a generator for connection to a network or to another generator
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/1438 in combination with power supplies for loads other than batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/00 Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/62 Hybrid vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/7072 Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/72 Electric energy management in electromobility
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/12 Electric charging stations
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/14 : Plug-in electric vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/16 : Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/167 : Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for supporting the interoperability of electric or hybrid vehicles, i.e. smartgrids as interface for battery charging of electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 10/126 : the energy generation units being or involving electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV], i.e. power aggregation of EV or HEV, vehicle to grid arrangements [V2G]
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 30/12 : Remote or cooperative charging
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 30/14 : Details associated with the interoperability, e.g. vehicle recognition, authentication, identification or billing

Abstract

Upon receiving a supply start instruction, each vehicle (2, 3, 4) transmits its own identification ID to other vehicles (sequence SQ12, SQ14, SQ16). A vehicle (2) determining that it is a master itself performs notification of master to the vehicles (3, 4) (sequence SQ20) and begins generation of an AC voltage conforming to its own period (sequence SQ22). Each vehicle (3, 4) generates an AC current synchronized with a voltage reference which is the AC voltage generated from the vehicle (2) (sequence SQ26a, SQ26b). In this way, the vehicles (2, 3, 4) cooperate to begin power supply to a power load.

Claims

1. A power system electrically connected to a power consuming unit and allowing transfer of AC power to/from said power consuming unit, comprising

a plurality of electric vehicles each configured to be able to supply AC power;

wherein

said plurality of electric vehicles are commonly connected electrically to said power consuming unit; and

each of said plurality of electric vehicles includes;

a rechargeable electric storage unit,

an AC power generating unit receiving discharge power from said electric storage unit for generating AC power,

a supply line for electrically connecting said AC power generating unit and said power consuming unit,

first AC voltage detecting means for detecting an AC voltage appearing on said supply line, and

first control means for controlling said AC power generating unit such that when the AC voltage appears on said supply line, an AC current synchronized with the detected AC voltage is generated.

2. The power system according to claim 1, wherein

each of said plurality of electric vehicles further includes;

a communication unit capable of transmission and reception of information to/from other electric vehicle or vehicles,

transmitting means for transmitting identification data representing itself to said other electric vehicle or vehicles via said communication means,

receiving means for obtaining said identification data from said other electric vehicle or vehicles received via said communication means,

priority comparing means for comparing said identification data of itself with said identification data of said other electric vehicle or vehicles obtained by said receiving means based on a predetermined determination rule,

master notification means for notifying to said other electric vehicle or vehicles that it is a master among said plurality of electric vehicles, if priority of said identification data of itself is the highest as compared with said identification data of said other electric vehicle or vehicles, and

second control means for controlling said AC power generating unit so that an AC voltage of a predetermined frequency is generated, when no AC voltage appears on said supply line, after said master notification means notifies to said other electric vehicle or vehicles.

3. The power system according to claim 2, further comprising

a supply management unit for managing supply of AC power from said plurality of electric vehicles;

wherein

said communication unit is capable of additionally receiving information from said supply management unit;

said supply management unit issues a supply start instruction to each of said plurality of electric vehicles in response to an external instruction; and

each of said plurality of electric vehicles starts supply of AC power after receiving said supply start instruction from said supply management unit.

4. The power system according to claim 1, further comprising

a supply management unit for managing supply of AC power from said plurality of electric vehicles;

wherein

each of said plurality of electric vehicles further includes;

a communication unit capable of transmission and reception of information to/from said supply management unit and

transmitting means for transmitting identification data representing itself to said supply management unit via said communication means;

said supply management unit includes;

second AC voltage detecting means for detecting an AC voltage supplied to said power consuming unit,

identification data obtaining means for obtaining said identification data transmitted from each of said plurality of electric vehicles,

priority determining means for determining an electric vehicle of highest priority from said identification data obtained by said identification data obtaining means based on a predetermined determination rule, and

generation start instructing means for applying an instruction to start generation of a voltage reference to the electric vehicle determined by said priority determining means, when there is no AC voltage supplied to said power consuming unit; and

each of said plurality of electric vehicles further includes second control means for controlling said AC power generating unit such that an AC voltage of predetermined frequency is generated when said generation start instruction is received from said supply management unit.

5. The power system according to claim 4, wherein

said supply management unit applies the supply start instruction to each of said plurality of electric vehicles in response to an external instruction;

and

each of said plurality of electric vehicles starts supply of AC power after receiving said supply start instruction from said supply management unit.

6. The power system according to claim 1, wherein

said first control means establishes synchronization with the AC voltage, based on a timing of zero-cross point of the AC voltage detected by said first AC voltage detecting means.

7. The power system according to claim 1, wherein

said communication unit is formed to perform information transmission and information reception through corresponding said supply line.

8. The power system according to claim 1, wherein

said power consuming unit is configured to allow supply of AC power from other than said plurality of electric vehicles, from a node between said plurality of electric vehicles and said power consuming unit.

9. The power system according to claim 1, wherein

said AC power generating unit includes;

first and second rotating electric machines each formed to include a star-connected stator, and

first and second inverters for driving said first and second rotating electric machines, respectively;

said supply line is configured to electrically connect a first neutral point of said first rotating electric machine and a second neutral point of said second rotating electric machine to said power consuming unit; and

each of said first and second inverters is capable of switching operation such that a single-phase AC voltage is generated between said first neutral point and said second neutral point.

10. A power system electrically connected to a power consuming unit and allowing transfer of AC power to/from said power consuming unit, comprising

a plurality of electric vehicles each configured to be able to supply AC power;

wherein

said plurality of electric vehicles are commonly connected electrically to said power consuming unit; and

each of said plurality of electric vehicles includes;

a rechargeable electric storage unit,

an AC power generating unit receiving discharge power from said electric storage unit for generating AC power,

a supply line for electrically connecting said AC power generating unit and said power consuming unit,

a supply voltage detecting unit detecting a voltage appearing on said supply line, and

a control unit; and

said control unit controls said AC power generating unit such that, when said supply voltage detecting unit detects an AC voltage appearing on said supply line, an AC current synchronized with the detected AC voltage appears.

11. A method of supplying AC power for supplying AC power from a plurality of electric vehicles each capable of supplying AC power, to a power consuming unit, wherein

each of said plurality of electric vehicles includes;

a rechargeable electric storage unit,

an AC power generating unit receiving discharge power from said electric storage unit and generating AC power, and

a supply line for electrically connecting said AC power generating unit to said power consuming unit;

said AC power supplying method comprising the steps of

each of said plurality of electric vehicles detecting an AC voltage appearing on said supply line; and

controlling said AC power generating unit such that, in said electric vehicle having said AC voltage appearing on said supply line, an AC current synchronized with the detected AC voltage is generated.

12. The method of supplying AC power according to claim 11, wherein

each of said plurality of electric vehicles further includes a communication unit capable of transmitting and receiving information to/from other electric vehicle or vehicles;

said method of supplying AC power further comprising the steps of;

each of said plurality of electric vehicles transmitting identification data representing itself to said other electric vehicle or vehicles via said communication unit;

each of said plurality of electric vehicles obtaining said identification data from said other electric vehicle or vehicles received via said communication unit;

each of said plurality of electric vehicles comparing said identification data of itself with said received identification data of said other electric vehicle or vehicles based on a predetermined determination rule;

each of said plurality of electric vehicles notifying to said other electric vehicle or vehicles, when identification data of itself is the highest as compared with said identification data of said other electric vehicle or vehicles, that it is a master among said plurality of electric vehicles; and

in said electric vehicle having no AC voltage appearing on said supply line, after notification to said other electric vehicle or vehicles, controlling said AC power generating unit such that an AC voltage of a predetermined frequency is generated.

13. The method of supplying AC power according to claim 12, implemented by, in addition to said plurality of electric vehicles, a supply management unit for managing supply of AC power from said plurality of electric vehicles;

wherein

said communication unit is capable of receiving information from said supply management unit;

said method of supplying AC power further comprising the steps of;

said supply management unit issuing a supply start instruction to each of said plurality of electric vehicles in response to an external instruction; and

after receiving said supply start instruction from said supply management unit, each of said plurality of electric vehicles starting supply of AC power.

14. The method of supplying AC power according to claim 11, implemented by, in addition to said plurality of electric vehicles, a supply management unit for managing supply of AC power from said plurality of electric vehicles;

wherein

each of said plurality of electric vehicles further includes a communication unit capable of transmitting and receiving information to/from said supply management unit;

said method of supplying AC power comprising the steps of;

each of said plurality of electric vehicles transmitting identification data representing itself to said supply management unit via said communication unit;

said supply management unit detecting an AC voltage supplied to said power consuming unit;

said supply management unit obtaining said identification data transmitted from each of said plurality of electric vehicles;

said supply management unit determining an electric vehicle of highest priority from said obtained identification data, based on a predetermined determination rule;

said supply management unit applying, when no AC voltage is supplied to said power consuming unit, an instruction to start generation of a voltage reference to said determined electric vehicle; and

in said electric vehicle receiving said generation start instruction from said supply management unit, controlling said AC power generating unit such that an AC voltage of a predetermined frequency is generated.

15. The method of supplying AC power according to claim 14, further comprising the steps of:

said supply management unit applying the supply start instruction to each of said plurality of electric vehicles, in response to an external instruction; and

after receiving said supply start instruction from said supply management unit, each of said plurality of electric vehicles starting supply of AC power.