Chuck for Reciprocating Surgical Instrument

• US 20090326540A1
• Filed: 06/30/2008
• Published: 12/31/2009
• Est. Priority Date: 06/30/2008
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Medtronic Xomed Incorporated (Medtronic Plc)
• Original Assignee: Medtronic Xomed Incorporated (Medtronic Plc)
• Inventors: Estes, Larry D.
• Granted Patent: US 8,465,492 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 606/82
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 17/144 with cutting edges at the side of the saw blades
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 17/1615 Drill bits, i.e. rotating tools extending from a handpiece to contact the worked material
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 17/162 Chucks or tool parts which are to be held in a chuck
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 17/1659 Surgical rasps, files, planes, or scrapers
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 17/1671 for the spine
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2017/00464 for use with different instruments
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2017/00477 Coupling A61B2017/0046 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2017/320028 with reciprocating movements
• CPC Class Codes: B23B 31/10741 Retention by substantially radially oriented pins
• CPC Class Codes: B23D 51/10 for hand-held or hand-operated devices
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 279/17666 Radially reciprocating jaws
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 279/17717 Rotary eccentric-cam sleeve
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 279/17777 Sleeved
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 279/17803 Rotary cam sleeve

Abstract

Devices are described relating to the retaining of surgical tools within the chuck of a reciprocating surgical instrument, such as a reciprocating saw. A securing chuck is disclosed for securing a surgical tool to a reciprocating surgical instrument that comprises a shaft and a securing member. The shaft defines an axis and has a cylindrical bore extending along the axis. The bore is shaped to receive a substantially rounded tool shank. A pair of transverse slots extends into the shaft along a plane passing through the axis for receiving a substantially flattened tool shank. The transverse slots intersect with the cylindrical bore. The securing member is carried by the shaft and is radially movable relative to the bore both inwardly and outwardly to secure the surgical tool in the chuck.

Claims

1. A chuck for securing a surgical tool having a shank with a securing aperture within a reciprocating motion surgical instrument, comprising:

a shaft defining an axis and having a receptacle for receiving the shank of the tool; and

a securing member carried by the shaft that is selectively moveable between a first position wherein the member is substantially withdrawn from the receptacle to permit the insertion and removal of the surgical tool, and a second position wherein the member is substantially located within the receptacle and through the securing aperture to secure the surgical tool within the receptacle.

2. The chuck of claim 1 further comprising a camming sleeve mounted about the shaft, the camming sleeve being rotatable about the axis, the camming sleeve having an internal cam that moves the securing member from a first to a second position.

3. The chuck of claim 2 further comprising at least on spring, the securing member being spring biased toward the first position, the spring being configured to displace the securing member from the second position to the first position.

4. The chuck of claim 3 wherein the securing member comprises:

a head that provides a seating surface to contact a portion of the at least one spring for biasing the securing member radially outward to the first position; and

a securing key portion extending therefrom shaped so as to be receivable in a key-shaped opening of the surgical tool to secure the surgical tool within the receptacle.

5. The chuck of claim 4 wherein the securing key portion is substantially hourglass shaped.

6. The chuck of claim 2 wherein the camming sleeve comprises a camming surface directed radially inward which slidingly contacts the securing member, the camming surface being radially graduated to provide a radially enlarged portion and a radially reduced portion so that the securing member is selectively movable radially between its first and second positions as the camming sleeve is rotated about the axis.

7. The chuck of claim 2 wherein the cam sleeve is rotatable relative to the shaft through a range of 360 degrees in both clockwise and counter-clockwise directions.

8. The chuck of claim 1 wherein the receptacle comprises a cylindrical bore in the shaft to receive a surgical tool having a substantially cylindrical shank.

9. The chuck of claim 8 wherein the receptacle comprises a transverse slot extending into sidewalls of the shaft to receive a surgical tool having a substantially flattened shank.

10. A chuck for securing a surgical tool to a reciprocating surgical instrument, the chuck comprising:

a shaft defining an axis and having a cylindrical bore extending along the axis, the bore shaped to receive a substantially rounded tool shank, the shaft also having a pair of transverse slots extending into the shaft along a plane passing through the axis for receiving a substantially flattened tool shank, the transverse slots intersecting with the cylindrical bore; and

a securing member carried by the shaft and being radially movable relative to the bore both inwardly and outwardly to secure a surgical tool in the chuck.

11. The chuck of claim 10 further comprising a cam sleeve rotatingly retained around the shaft and the axis, the cam sleeve having first and second internal surface portions, the first surface portion having a cammed surface engaging the securing member to move the securing member from the outward to the inward position, the second surface portion having a circumference equally spaced from the axis.

12. The chuck of claim 11 further comprising a retainer sleeve arranged between the cam sleeve and the shaft, the second surface portion of the cam sleeve rotatingly engaging the retainer sleeve, the retainer sleeve having a slot which is sized to permit movement of the securing member between the inward and outward positions.

13. The chuck of claim 12 wherein the retainer sleeve and the shaft include aligned transverse holes, the chuck further comprising:

opposing balls slidingly arranged in the aligned transverse holes, the cam sleeve second surface portion including grooves aligned with the axis and configured to receive the balls when the cam sleeve grooves are aligned with the balls such that the cam sleeve is secured against free rotation by the balls; and

a spring biasing the balls radially outwardly.

14. The chuck of claim 11 further comprising:

a detent formed within the cam sleeve second surface portion for receiving a ball member; and

a ball member retained within the shaft and biased radially outward to become disposed within the detent upon rotation of the cam sleeve to a predetermined position.

15. The chuck of claim 14 wherein the ball becoming disposed in the detent creates at least one of tactile feedback and audible feedback to an operator.

16. The chuck of claim 10 further comprising a spring coupled to the shaft to bias the securing member outwards.

17. The chuck of claim 10 wherein the transverse slots have upper and lower, opposing inner surfaces, and wherein the opposing inner surfaces are spaced apart by a slot width that is substantially the same across the transverse slots whether the tool is secured or unsecured in the chuck.

18. A system for treating a tissue structure during a surgical procedure, comprising:

a reciprocating surgical instrument, comprising;

a motor having a rotatable spindle;

a transmission mounted to the spindle for converting rotating movement of the spindle to reciprocating movement;

a surgical tool chuck coupled to the transmission, the chuck comprising;

a receiving shaft defining a longitudinal axis and having a tool receptacle and a radially extending proximal opening;

a locking member slidingly coupled to the receiving shaft, the locking member having a protrusion extending therefrom; and

a camming sleeve rotatingly retained on the shaft, the camming sleeve having an internally cammed surface; and

a surgical tool having a distal end and a proximal end, the proximal end configured to be received into the tool receptacle, the surgical tool having an aperture disposed to correspond with the radially extending proximal opening of the receiving shaft when the surgical tool is disposed in the attachment receptacle, wherein the locking member is selectively moveable between a first position and a second position, the first position wherein the protrusion is withdrawn from the proximal opening of the receiving shaft to allow insertion and removal of the surgical tool, the second position wherein the protrusion is substantially received within the proximal opening of the receiving shaft and the aperture in the surgical tool to secure the surgical tool within the chuck, the cammed surface configured to urge the protrusion into the second position.

19. The system of claim 18, further comprising a spring coupled to the shaft and disposed to bias the protrusion toward the first position.

20. The system of claim 19 wherein the locking member has a head portion with an inner surface, the protrusion extending therefrom, the head portion having a length dimension wider than the protrusion, the inner surface having at least one spring engagement feature for engaging the spring.

21. The system of claim 18 wherein the tool receptacle comprises a cylindrical bore in the shaft to receive a surgical tool with a substantially cylindrical shank.

22. The system of claim 21 wherein the surgical tool has a shank with first and second diameters, the first diameter sized to substantially fill the cylindrical bore and the second diameter representing a reduced thickness configured to reduce a travel distance of the protrusion between the first and second positions, thereby reducing an overall profile of the chuck.

23. The system of claim 21 wherein the tool receptacle further comprises a transverse slot extending through opposing sidewalls of the shaft to receive a surgical tool with a substantially flattened shank.

24. The system of claim 18 wherein the camming surface is directed radially inward and slidingly contacts the locking member, the camming surface being radially graduated to provide a radially enlarged portion and a radially reduced portion so that the locking member is selectively moveable radially between its first and second positions as the camming sleeve is rotated about the longitudinal axis.

25. The system of claim 18 wherein rotating the cam sleeve through 180 degrees completely translates the protrusion between the first position and the second position.

26. The system of claim 21 wherein the surgical tool has an offset shank including a first portion generally aligned with the longitudinal axis and a second portion generally aligned with an offset axis, the offset axis being generally parallel to the longitudinal axis and offset from the longitudinal axis by an offset distance.

27. The system of claim 18 wherein the surgical tool chuck is key-less.

28. The system of claim 18 wherein the surgical tool has a shank, the shank having an anti-rotation feature and an anti-pullout feature for securing the tool in a key-less chuck, the aperture having a pair of side walls having a length, a width between the pair of side walls, and a proximal end wall, the side wall length being greater than the width between the pair of side walls, wherein the anti-rotation feature is at least one of a flattened shank edge and the pair of sidewalls and wherein the anti-pullout feature is the proximal end wall.

29. The system of claim 18 wherein the surgical tool aperture is one of an hourglass shape, an asymmetrical shape, and a longitudinal offset.