Multi-functional, discrete and mutually exclusive method for determining the parameters of gases in a gaseous mixture and the device for realizing the proposed method

• US 20100004554A1
• Filed: 02/10/2009
• Published: 01/07/2010
• Est. Priority Date: 02/11/2008
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Gennadiy Nosovitskiy, Pavel Nosovitskiy
• Original Assignee: Gennadiy Nosovitskiy, Pavel Nosovitskiy
• Inventors: Nosovitskiy, Gennadiy, Nosovitskiy, Pavel
• Granted Patent: US 8,185,325 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 600/532
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/082 Evaluation by breath analysis, e.g. determination of the chemical composition of exhaled breath A61B5/083, A61B5/091 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/14532 for measuring glucose, e.g. by tissue impedance measurement
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 27/122 Circuits particularly adapted therefor, e.g. linearising circuits
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 33/497 of gaseous biological material, e.g. breath

Abstract

Method and device for detection and quantitative and qualitative analysis of components in a gaseous mixture distinguished by high selectivity and high resolution.

Method allows to distinguish the influence of individual gases, by themselves or in a mixture, on the microstructure of a sensor'"'"'s sensitive layer and utilizing the variations of measured parameters to analyze and derive the characteristics of gases, for example, the concentration of a gas or multiple gases in a mixture.

As an example, the method could be utilized in medicine for non-invasive detection of the blood glucose level in diabetics.

Device realizing the method is described.

Claims

1. The method and device for detection and quantitative and qualitative analysis of components in a gaseous mixture distinguished by high selectivity and high resolution which allows:

to distinguish the influence of individual gases, by themselves or in a mixture, on the microstructure of a sensor'"'"'s sensitive layer;

and utilizing the variations of measured parameters analyzes and derives the characteristics of the gases, such as, the concentration of an individual gas or multiple gases in a mixture;

and to bypass the limitations imposed by traditional measuring and monitoring techniques by eclipsing lowest detectable levels of concentration to create new and effective alternatives for many different applications such as, but not limited to, disease diagnostics in medicine as well as applications which previously had been inaccessible or unattainable by existing methods.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein describes the behavior of gaseous mixtures and derives characteristics of individual gases, taking into account the variations around the average of measured data.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the process involves sensitive and selective measurement of individual gases within the mixture.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the diapason of changing parameters

there exist areas with stable and unstable conditions.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein that on the boundaries between areas of stabilities and instabilities resonance is found. Resonance is characterized by dramatically increased amplitude of the signal and is utilized as a guide to locate the domains to be used for measurements.

6. The method of claim 4, wherein the detection of various characteristics of gases in a mixture or on their own is only possible within stable areas of the diapason of changing parameters.

7. The method of claim 4, wherein the detection of various characteristics of gases in a mixture or on their own is impossible within the unstable

areas of the diapason of changing parameters, where measurements can no longer be predicted.

8. The method of claim 4, wherein the method determines boundaries of the domains of dynamic stability and instability and provides a way of changing system parameters to go from one domain to the next.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein the method determines the boundaries of the domains of dynamic stability and instability that is unique for each component and different from one another.

10. The method of claim 8, wherein the domains of stability and instability possess varying widths, which can be regulated by changing various parameters of the system.

11. The method of claim 8, wherein the parameters can be determined in different domains when the system is transferred upon request.

12. The method of claim 8, wherein the destabilizing factors, which hinder measurements, are also taken into account and can only deform the boundaries of stability and instability without ever destroying them.

13. The method of claim 10, wherein the method determines the domains of dynamic stability and instability by analyzing the dynamic changes of the potential barrier, for example, which results from the influence of gas flow on a sensor'"'"'s sensitive layer.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein that method originates an algorithm for analyzing and detecting domains of stabilities in the diapason of output signal(s) of measured parameters.

15. The method of claim 13, wherein the method provides an algorithm for the detection of individual components with very similar characteristics in gaseous mixtures through the comparison of locations for each component'"'"'s domains of stability and instability.

16. The method of claim 1, wherein the above-mentioned method, can be implemented, but not limited to, for non-invasive blood glucose monitoring to provide accurate, highly sensitive and reproducible correlation of exhaled gases with

the actual blood glucose level.

17. Device for determining parameters of gases in a gaseous mixture, realizing the proposed method, comprising:

the Preparation Unit, where the gaseous mixture, such as, but not limited to, the exhaled breath from an individual, is collected and prepared for measurements;

the Measurement Unit, which serves to determine the concentration of different components in the gaseous mixture;

the Data Acquisition Unit, which is used for amplification, filtration and digitalization of information from the sensors;

the Data Consolidation Unit which serves to collect, store and transfer information from the sensors to the microprocessor;

the Data Processing Unit which contains implemented algorithms realizing the method and ensuring the proper operation of the device;

the Control Unit which performs, controls, and regulates the functionalities of the device. Standard protocols, such as UART, TCP/IP and other additional

functionalities can be implemented to aid and utilize the information exchange.

18. The system of claim 17, wherein the Preparation Unit sets up and insures the necessary control of the gas mixture under different conditions to accomplish the realized algorithm.

19. The system of claim 18, wherein the Preparation Unit is a controlled,

electromechanical module.

20. The system of claim 17, wherein the original subsystems are designed and used for verification of functionalities, modification and/or adding features.