Suppression of battery thermal runaway
First Claim
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1. A thermal runaway suppression element for interposition between the cells of a multiple-cell battery pack, comprising:
- a container conforming to the external surfaces of said cells, such that the container is in good thermal conductive relation with the cells, anda phase change material consisting essentially of a quantity of water in hydrogel form, disposed in said container,whereby in the event one of said cells overheats, heat is transferred to the hydrogel, heating the water, such that the water absorbs the heat given off by the overheated cell, and whereby said water can undergo a phase change and be vaporized if sufficiently heated.
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Abstract
Thermal runaway in battery packs is suppressed by inserting packages of hydrated hydrogel at physical interfaces between groups of one or more cells. The hydrogel acts to diffuse and absorb thermal energy released by the cells in the event of a cell failure. During extreme overheating of a battery cell, the water stored by the hydrogel will undergo phase change, that is, begin to vaporize, thus absorbing large amounts of thermal energy and preventing thermal runaway.
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Citations
32 Claims
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1. A thermal runaway suppression element for interposition between the cells of a multiple-cell battery pack, comprising:
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a container conforming to the external surfaces of said cells, such that the container is in good thermal conductive relation with the cells, and a phase change material consisting essentially of a quantity of water in hydrogel form, disposed in said container, whereby in the event one of said cells overheats, heat is transferred to the hydrogel, heating the water, such that the water absorbs the heat given off by the overheated cell, and whereby said water can undergo a phase change and be vaporized if sufficiently heated. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10)
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11. A battery pack made up of a plurality of individual cells, comprising circuit components connecting the cells in a desired configuration, and further comprising thermal runaway suppression elements in good thermal contact with each of said cells, wherein each said thermal runaway suppression element comprises:
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a container conforming to the external surfaces of one or more of said cells, such that the container is in good thermal conductive relation with the cells, and a phase change material consisting essentially of a quantity of water in hydrogel form, disposed in said container, whereby in the event one of said cells overheats, heat is transferred to the hydrogel, heating the water, such that the water absorbs the heat given off by the overheated cell, and whereby said water can undergo a phase change and be vaporized if sufficiently heated. - View Dependent Claims (12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22)
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23. A method of suppressing thermal runaway of a battery pack made up of a plurality of individual cells, said battery pack further comprising circuit components connecting the cells in a desired configuration, said method comprising the step of providing thermal runaway suppression elements in good thermal contact with each of said cells, wherein each said thermal runaway suppression element comprises:
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a container conforming to the external surfaces of one or more of said cells, such that the container is in good thermal conductive relation with the cells, and a phase change material consisting essentially of a quantity of water in hydrogel form, disposed in said container, whereby in the event one of said cells overheats, heat is transferred to the hydrogel, heating the water, such that the water absorbs the heat given off by the overheated cell, and whereby said water can undergo a phase change and be vaporized if sufficiently heated. - View Dependent Claims (24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32)
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Specification