DATA PROTECTION SYSTEM THAT PROTECTS DATA BY ENCRYPTING THE DATA
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Abstract
A data protection system is provided that reduces, to a degree, the amount of encrypted data that is distributed to a plurality of terminals. In the data protection system a terminal whose decryption keys are exposed by a dishonest party is made to be unable to decrypt the data correctly, while other terminals are able to decrypt the data correctly.
The data protection system includes a plurality of terminals, and an encryption device that encrypts distribution data distributed to each terminal. Each terminal is corresponded with one node on a lowest level of a 4-ary tree structure or the like having a plurality of hierarchies. The data protection system, for each node in the tree structure, excluding those on the lowest level, determines a plurality of combination patterns that include combinations of two or more of all four nodes that are reached one level below the node, decides an individual decryption key for each determined combination pattern, and decides an individual decryption key for each node on the lowest level. Further, the data protection system has each terminal store all decryption keys decided for the nodes on the path from the node on the lowest level that corresponds to the terminal through to the node on the highest level. The data protection system prescribes nodes that are reached from the node on the lowest level that corresponds to the terminal through to the node on the highest level that correspond to a terminal that has been dishonestly analyzed as invalid nodes. For invalid nodes, other than invalid nodes on the lowest level, the data protection system designates an encryption key that corresponds to the decryption key decided in correspondence with the combination pattern that combines all nodes, excluding invalid nodes, of the four nodes that are reached one level below the node, and has the encryption device encrypt distribution data that uses each of the designated encryption keys.
58 Citations
78 Claims
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1-43. -43. (canceled)
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44. A decryption key determining device that determines decryption key groups for use in decryption to be individually assigned to at least three terminals that obtain encrypted data and decrypt the obtained encrypted data, comprising:
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a decryption key setting unit for (a) determining two or more terminal groups, which are groups having two or more terminals as members, so that each of the terminals is a member of at least one of the terminal groups, and so that any one of the terminal groups that shares a same terminal as a member with another one of the terminal groups does not completely include the other one of the terminal groups sharing the same terminal as a member and is not completely included in the other one of the terminal groups sharing the same terminal as a member, and (b) corresponding an individual decryption key with each terminal and each determined terminal group; and a decryption key group assignment unit for determining, for each terminal, a decryption key group based on the corresponded decryption key and the decryption keys corresponded with each terminal group in which the terminal is included, as a decryption key group to be assigned to the terminal, respectively. - View Dependent Claims (45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 75)
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50. A decryption key determining method that determines decryption key groups, for use in decryption, to be individually assigned to at least three terminals that obtain encrypted data and decrypt the obtained encrypted data, said method comprising:
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a terminal group determination step of determining two or more terminal groups, which are groups having two or more terminals as members, so that each of the terminals is a member of at least one of the terminal groups, and so that any one of the terminal groups that shares a same terminal as a member with another one of the terminal groups does not completely include the other one of the terminal groups sharing the same terminal as a member and is not completely included in the other one of the terminal groups sharing the same terminal as a member; a decryption key correspondence step of corresponding an individual decryption key with each terminal and each determined terminal group; and a decryption key group assignment step of determining, for each terminal, a decryption key group based on the corresponded decryption key and decryption keys corresponded with each terminal group in which the terminal is included, as a decryption key group to be assigned to the terminal, respectively.
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51. A computer program, recorded on a computer-readable medium, for causing a computer to execute a decryption key determining processing that determines decryption key groups, for use in decryption, to be individually assigned to at least three terminals that obtain encrypted data and decrypt the obtained encrypted data, said program comprising:
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a terminal group determination code segment for determining two or more terminal groups, which are groups having two or more terminals as members, so that each of the terminals is a member of at least one of the terminal groups, and so that any one of the terminal groups that shares a same terminal as a member with another one of the terminal groups does not completely include the other one of the terminal groups sharing the same terminal as a member and is not completely included in the other one of the terminal groups sharing the same terminal as a member; a decryption key correspondence code segment for corresponding an individual decryption key with each terminal and each determined terminal group; and a decryption key group assignment code segment for determining, for each terminal, a decryption key group based on the corresponded decryption key and decryption keys corresponded with each terminal group in which the terminal is included, as a decryption key group to be assigned to the terminal, respectively.
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52. A computer-readable recording medium having stored thereon a computer program causing a computer to execute a decryption key determining processing that determines decryption key groups, for use in decryption, to be individually assigned to at least three terminals that obtain encrypted data and decrypt the obtained encrypted data, said decryption key determining processing comprising:
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a terminal group determination step of determining two or more terminal groups, which are groups having two or more terminals as members, so that each of the terminals is a member of at least one of the terminal groups, and so that any one of the terminal groups that shares a same terminal as a member with another one of the terminal groups does not completely include the other one of the terminal groups sharing the same terminal as a member and is not completely included in the other one of the terminal groups sharing the same terminal as a member; a decryption key correspondence step of corresponding an individual decryption key with each terminal and each determined terminal group; and a decryption key group assignment step of determining, for each terminal, a decryption key group based on the corresponded decryption key and decryption keys corresponded with each terminal group in which the terminal is included, as a decryption key group to be assigned to the terminal, respectively.
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53. A decryption terminal system including three or more terminals for obtaining encrypted data and decrypting the obtained encrypted data, each terminal comprising:
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a decryption key group storage unit for storing a decryption key group that has been individually assigned to the terminal according to a predetermined key assignment method; an encrypted data obtaining unit for obtaining encrypted data; and a decryption unit for decrypting the obtained encrypted data using by one of the stored decryption keys, wherein the predetermined key assignment method (a) determines two or more terminal groups, which are groups having two or more terminals as members, so that each of the terminals is a member of at least one of the terminal groups, and so that any one of the terminal groups that shares a same terminal as a member with another one of the terminal groups does not completely include the other one of the terminal groups sharing the same terminal as a member and is not completely included in the other one of the terminal groups sharing the same terminal as a member, (b) decides one or more decryption keys individually in correspondence with each terminal and each determined terminal group, and (c) assigns, to each terminal, the decryption key group, where the decryption key group is based on the decryption key decided in correspondence with the terminal and decryption keys decided in correspondence with all terminal groups that include the terminal. - View Dependent Claims (54, 55, 56, 76)
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57. An encryption key designation device that designates one or more encryption keys to be used in encrypting distribution data that is distributed to three or more terminals, said encryption key designation device comprising:
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a decryption key setting unit for (a) determining two or more terminal groups, which are groups having two or more terminals as members, so that each of the terminals is a member of at least one of the terminal groups, and so that any one of the terminal groups that shares a same terminal as a member with another one of the terminal groups does not completely include the other one of the terminal groups sharing the same terminal as a member and is not completely included in the other one of the terminal groups sharing the same terminal as a member, and (b) deciding one or more decryption keys individually in correspondence with each terminal and each determined terminal group; a decryption key group correspondence unit for corresponding, with each terminal, a decryption key group based on the decryption key decided in correspondence with the terminal and decryption keys decided in correspondence with all terminal groups that include the terminal, respectively; an invalid terminal designation unit for designating one or more terminals as invalid terminals; and an encryption key designation unit for, when all the decryption keys corresponded with the terminals by said decryption key group correspondence unit, other than decryption keys assigned to the one or more invalid terminals, are prescribed as valid decryption keys, and when a procedure for selecting an assigned valid decryption key for the most terminals not designated as invalid terminals is repeated until all terminals not designated as invalid terminals have been assigned a selected valid decryption key, designating encryption keys that respectively correspond to all of the valid decryption keys that are selected as a result of the procedure. - View Dependent Claims (58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 77)
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63. An encryption device for encrypting distribution data that is to be distributed to three or more terminals, said encryption device comprising:
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a decryption key setting unit for (a) determining two or more terminal groups, which are groups having two or more terminals as members, so that each of the terminals is a member of at least one of the terminal groups, and so that any one of the terminal groups that shares a same terminal as a member with another one of the terminal groups does not completely include the other one of the terminal groups sharing the same terminal as a member and is not completely included in the other one of the terminal groups sharing the same terminal as a member, and (b) deciding one or more decryption keys individually in correspondence with each terminal and each determined terminal group; a decryption key group correspondence unit for corresponding, with each terminal, a decryption key group based on the decryption key decided in correspondence with the terminal and decryption keys decided in correspondence with all terminal groups that include the terminal, respectively; an invalid terminal designation unit for designating one or more terminals as invalid terminals; an encryption key designation unit for, when all the decryption keys corresponded with the terminals by said decryption key group correspondence unit, other than decryption keys assigned to the one or more invalid terminals, are prescribed as valid decryption keys, and a procedure for selecting an assigned valid decryption key for the most terminals not designated as invalid terminals is repeated until all terminals not designated as invalid terminals have been assigned a selected valid decryption key, designating encryption keys that respectively correspond to all of the valid decryption keys that are selected as a result of the procedure; an encryption unit for encrypting the distribution data successively by using all designated encryption keys, so as to generate an encrypted distribution data group; and an output unit for outputting the generated encrypted distribution data externally from said encryption device. - View Dependent Claims (64, 65, 66, 67, 78)
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68. An encryption key designation method that designates an encryption key to be used in encrypting distribution data that is distributed to three or more terminals, said comprising:
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a terminal group determination step of determining two or more terminal groups, which are groups having two or more terminals as members, so that each of the terminals is a member of at least one of the terminal groups, and so that any one of the terminal groups that shares a same terminal as a member with another one of the terminal groups does not completely include the other one of the terminal groups sharing the same terminal as a member and is not completely included in the other one of the terminal groups sharing the same terminal as a member; a decryption key correspondence step of corresponding one or more decryption keys individually in correspondence with each terminal and each determined terminal group; a decryption key group correspondence step for corresponding, with each terminal, a decryption key group based on, in addition to the decryption key corresponded with the terminal, decryption keys prescribed in correspondence with all terminal groups that include the terminal, respectively; an invalid terminal designation step of designating one or more terminals as invalid terminals; and an encryption key designation step of, when all the decryption keys corresponded with the terminals in said decryption key group correspondence step, other than decryption keys assigned to the one or more invalid terminals, are prescribed as valid decryption keys, and a procedure for selecting an assigned valid decryption key for the most terminals not designated as invalid terminals is repeated until all terminals not designated as invalid terminals have been assigned a selected valid decryption key, designating encryption keys that respectively correspond to all of the valid decryption keys that are selected as a result of the procedure.
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69. A computer program, recorded on a computer-readable medium, for causing a computer to execute a designation processing that designates one or more encryption keys to be used in encrypting distribution data that is distributed to three or more terminals, said program comprising:
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a terminal group determination code segment for determining two or more terminal groups, which are groups having two or more terminals as members, so that each of the terminals is a member of at least one of the terminal groups, and so that any one of the terminal groups that shares a same terminal as a member with another one of the terminal groups does not completely include the other one of the terminal groups sharing the same terminal as a member and is not completely included in the other one of the terminal groups sharing the same terminal as a member; a decryption key correspondence code segment for corresponding one or more decryption keys individually in correspondence with each terminal and each determined terminal group; a decryption key group correspondence code segment for corresponding, with each terminal, a decryption key group based on, in addition to the decryption key corresponded with the terminal, decryption keys prescribed in correspondence with all terminal groups that include the terminal, respectively; an invalid terminal designation code segment for designating one or more terminals as invalid terminals; and an encryption key designation code segment for designating, when all the decryption keys corresponded with the terminals in said decryption key group correspondence code segment, other than decryption keys assigned to the one or more invalid terminals, are prescribed as valid decryption keys, and a procedure for selecting an assigned valid decryption key for the most terminals not designated as invalid terminals is repeated until all terminals not designated as invalid terminals have been assigned a selected valid decryption key, encryption keys that respectively correspond to all of the valid decryption keys that are selected as a result of the procedure.
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70. A program recording medium having stored thereon a computer program for causing a computer to execute a designation processing that designates one or more encryption keys to be used in encrypting distribution data that is distributed to three or more terminals, said designation processing comprising:
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a terminal group determination step of determining two or more terminal groups, which are groups having two or more terminals as members, so that each of the terminals is a member of at least one of the terminal groups, and so that any one of the terminal groups that shares a same terminal as a member with another one of the terminal groups does not completely include the other one of the terminal groups sharing the same terminal as a member and is not completely included in the other one of the terminal groups sharing the same terminal as a member; a decryption key correspondence step of corresponding one or more decryption keys individually in correspondence with each terminal and each determined terminal group; a decryption key group correspondence step of corresponding, with each terminal, a decryption key group based on, in addition to the decryption key corresponded with the terminal, decryption keys prescribed in correspondence with all terminal groups that include the terminal, respectively; an invalid terminal designation step of designating one or more terminals as invalid terminals; and an encryption key designation step of, when all the decryption keys corresponded with the terminals in said decryption key group correspondence step, other than decryption keys assigned to the one or more invalid terminals, are prescribed as valid decryption keys, and a procedure for selecting an assigned valid decryption key for the most terminals not designated as invalid terminals is repeated until all terminals not designated as invalid terminals have been assigned a selected valid decryption key, designating encryption keys that respectively correspond to all of the valid decryption keys that are selected as a result of the procedure.
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71. A computer-readable recording medium having stored thereon a plurality of pieces of encrypted distribution data that have been generated by using each of a plurality of encryption keys to encrypt distribution data that is distributed to three or more terminals, the plurality of encryption keys having been designated by a computer using a designation processing, said designation processing comprising:
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a terminal group determination step of determining two or more terminal groups, which are groups having two or more terminals as members, so that each of the terminals is a member of at least one of the terminal groups, and so that any one of the terminal groups that shares a same terminal as a member with another one of the terminal groups does not completely include the other one of the terminal groups sharing the same terminal as a member and is not completely included in the other one of the terminal groups sharing the same terminal as a member; a decryption key correspondence step of corresponding one or more decryption keys individually in correspondence with each terminal and each determined terminal group; a decryption key group correspondence step of corresponding, with each terminal, a decryption key group based on, in addition to the decryption key corresponded with the terminal, decryption keys prescribed in correspondence with all terminal groups that include the terminal, respectively; an invalid terminal designation step of designating one or more terminals as invalid terminals; and an encryption key designation step of, when all the decryption keys corresponded with the terminals in said decryption key group correspondence step, other than decryption keys assigned to the one or more invalid terminals, are prescribed as valid decryption keys, and a procedure for selecting an assigned valid decryption key for the most terminals not designated as invalid terminals is repeated until all terminals not designated as invalid terminals have been assigned a selected valid decryption key, designating encryption keys that respectively correspond to all of the valid decryption keys that are selected as a result of the procedure.
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72. A decryption terminal that obtains encrypted data and decrypts the obtained encrypted data, said decryption terminal comprising:
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a decryption key group storage unit for storing a decryption key group that has been individually assigned to said decryption terminal according to a predetermined key assignment method; an encrypted data obtaining unit for obtaining encrypted data; and a decryption unit for decrypting the obtained encrypted data by using one of the stored decryption keys, wherein the predetermined key assignment method, when there are three or more terminals including said decryption terminal, (a) determines two or more terminal groups so that said decryption terminal belongs to a plurality of terminal groups, where each of the plurality of terminal groups includes two or more terminals as members, and the plurality of terminal groups exist so that a terminal group that includes said decryption terminal as a member does not completely include another one of the plurality of terminal groups and is not completely included in another one of the plurality of terminal groups, (b) decides one or more individual decryption keys in correspondence with said decryption terminal and in correspondence with each determined terminal group, and (c) assigns, to said decryption terminal, a decryption key group based on the one or more individual decryption keys decided in correspondence with said decryption terminal and one or more individual decryption keys decided in correspondence with all the terminal groups that include said decryption terminal.
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73. A decryption terminal that obtains encrypted data and decrypts the obtained encrypted data, said decryption terminal comprising:
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a decryption key group storage unit for storing a decryption key group that has been individually assigned to said decryption terminal according to a predetermined key assignment method; an encrypted data obtaining unit for obtaining encrypted data; and a decryption unit for decrypting the obtained encrypted data by using one of the stored decryption keys, wherein the predetermined key assignment method (a) performs a first procedure of determining, for each node other than leaves in an N-ary tree structure that has a plurality of hierarchies and whose leaves are in one-to-one correspondence with a plurality of decryption terminals that includes said decryption terminal, a plurality of combination patterns that each combine at least two of N nodes that are one level below and are reached from the each node constituting a parent node of the N nodes, deciding an individual decryption key for each determined combination pattern, and corresponding the decided decryption keys with the parent node, where N is a natural number equal to or greater than three, (b) performs a second procedure of, for each node, other than a leaf, on a path from the leaf corresponding to said decryption terminal to a root of the N-ary tree structure, designating, from among the decryption keys corresponded with the node by the first procedure, decryption keys that correspond to all the combination patterns that relate to combinations that include a node that is one level below the node on the path, and (c) assigns the designated decryption keys to said decryption terminal.
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74. A computer-readable recording medium having stored thereon a plurality of pieces of encrypted distribution data that have been generated by using each of a plurality of encryption keys to encrypt distribution data that is distributed to three or more terminals, the plurality of encryption keys having been designated by designation processing, said designation processing comprising:
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a decryption key correspondence step of determining, for each node, other than leaves, in an N-ary tree structure that has a plurality of hierarchies and whose leaves are in one-to-one correspondence with the terminals, a plurality of combination patterns that each combine at least two of N nodes that are one level below and are reached from the each node constituting a parent node of the N nodes, deciding an individual decryption key for each determined combination pattern, and corresponding the decided decryption keys with the parent node, where N is a natural number equal to or greater than three; a decryption key group correspondence step of designating, for each terminal, decryption keys to each node, other than a leaf, on a path from the leaf corresponding to the terminal to a root of the N-ary tree structure, the decryption keys being from among the decryption keys corresponded with the node by said decryption key correspondence step and corresponding to all the combination patterns that relate to combinations that include a node that is one level below the node on the path, and corresponding all the designated decryption keys with the terminal; an invalid terminal designation step of designating one or more terminals as invalid terminals; and an encryption key designation step of, when all the decryption keys assigned to the terminals, other than decryption keys assigned to the one or more invalid terminals, are prescribed as valid decryption keys, repeating a procedure for selecting an assigned valid decryption key that is in correspondence with the most terminals not designated as invalid terminals until all terminals not designated as invalid terminals have been assigned a selected valid decryption key, and designating encryption keys that correspond to all of the valid decryption keys that are selected as a result of the procedure.
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Specification