Placement of Fluids in Ground by Pulse-Injection

• US 20100065124A1
• Filed: 09/25/2007
• Published: 03/18/2010
• Est. Priority Date: 09/25/2006
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Wavefront Reservoir Technologies Ltd.
• Original Assignee: Wavefront Reservoir Technologies Ltd.
• Inventors: Samaroo, Mahendra
• Granted Patent: US 8,166,992 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 137/1
• CPC Class Codes: B09C 1/002 involving in-situ ground water treatment
• CPC Class Codes: B09C 1/02 Extraction using liquids, e.g. washing, leaching , flotation
• CPC Class Codes: E21B 37/00 Methods or apparatus for cleaning boreholes or wells E21B21/00 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: F16K 31/041 for rotating valves F16K31/055 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 137/0318 Processes
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 137/5109 Convertible
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 137/85978 With pump
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 137/86405 Repeating cycle

Abstract

For use when injecting remediation liquid via an injection-well into contaminated groundwater, in the ground. The injection equipment includes a pulse-generator, which has an upstream chamber and a downstream chamber, linked by a pulse-conduit and a bypass conduit. The pulse-conduit includes a pulse-port, which opens and closes cyclically. The pulse-port is formed by the interaction of two apertures, one in the motorised rotor, the other in the stator. The rotor and stator may be formed as two facing plates held slightly apart, or as two cylinders one inside the other. The pulse-generator is located at the ground surface and can be adjusted as to pulse frequency, pulse amplitude, pulse rise-time, and as the the differential pressure between the upstream-chamber and the downstream chamber.

Claims

1. A pulse-generator apparatus, for injecting a flow of fluid, having pulses superimposed on the flow, into an in-ground pipe, wherein:

the apparatus is suitable, as a structure, to be mounted at ground surface level, and to perform the task of injecting the fluid down into an in-ground pipe;

the apparatus includes a housing, in which is mounted an electric motor, having a rotating drive-shaft;

the apparatus includes a rotor, which is drive-coupled to the drive-shaft, and which is provided with a rotor-aperture;

the apparatus includes a stator, which is provided with a stator-aperture;

the housing defines an upstream-chamber, which has an inlet-port for receiving fluid from a supply reservoir;

the housing defines a downstream-chamber, which has an outlet-port for conveying fluid to an in-ground pipe;

the housing includes a pulse-conduit, containing an openable and closable pulse-port;

the pulse-conduit is structured for conveying fluid, when open, from the upstream-chamber to the downstream-chamber;

the rotor is provided with a rotor-aperture, and the stator is provided with a stator-aperture;

the rotor-aperture and the stator-aperture are so arranged that, as the rotor rotates, the rotor-aperture cyclically covers and uncovers the stator-aperture;

the pulse-port of the pulse-conduit is fully open when the rotor-aperture fully overlies the stator-aperture, is partially open when a portion of the rotor-aperture overlies a portion of the stator-aperture, and is closed when no portion of the rotor-aperture overlies any portion of the stator-aperture;

whereby, insofar as the upstream-chamber at a higher pressure than the downstream-chamber, and insofar as the motor rotates, a pulse comprising a pressurised pulse-volume of liquid passes from the upstream-chamber to the downstream-chamber, through the pulse-conduit, when the pulse-port is open.

2. As in claim 1, wherein the apparatus is so arranged that:

when the pulse-port is closed, the upstream-chamber is in fluid-conveying communication with the downstream-chamber only via the bypass-conduit;

when the pulse-port is open, the upstream-chamber is in fluid-conveying communication with the downstream-chamber via the bypass-conduit and additionally via the pulse-conduit.

3. As in claim 1, wherein:

the apertures that form the pulse-port are surrounded, when the pulse-port is fully closed, by respective marginal areas;

in respect of each aperture, the marginal area thereof includes a small-gap-area;

the small-gap-area constitutes a complete unbroken encirclement of its respective aperture;

over the whole small-gap-area, respective surfaces of the rotor and the stator lie in face-to-face opposition, with a gap of G microns therebetween; and

at no point around the complete unbroken annular encirclement of the aperture is the gap G larger than a hundred microns.

4. As in claim 1, wherein:

the housing includes a bypass-conduit, which is structured for conveying fluid from the upstream-chamber to the downstream-chamber, separately from the pulse-conduit;

the apparatus includes a first choke and a second choke;

the first choke is assemblable into a choke-receptacle, having a through-hole of an area CA1 sq.cm, which defines the smallest fluid-conveying cross-sectional area of the bypass-conduit between the upstream-chamber and the downstream-chamber;

the choke and choke receptacle are so structured that the receptacle can be opened and the first choke removed, and replaced by the second choke; and

the second choke has a through-hole area of CA2 sq.cm, CA2 being not equal to CA1.

5. As in claim 1, wherein the apparatus is so configured as to enable adjustment of the frequency at which pulses pass through the outlet-port.

6. As in claim 5, wherein:

the apparatus includes an operable motor speed control, which is effective, when operated, to adjust the speed of rotation of the electric motor;

the pulse-frequency adjuster additionally includes a kit comprising either;

—

(a) the said rotor, with its rotor-aperture, and a second-rotor, having two or more rotor-apertures, the second-rotor being interchangeable with the said rotor in the apparatus;

or

(b) the said stator, with its stator-aperture, and a second-stator, having two or more stator-apertures, the second-stator being interchangeable with the said stator in the apparatus;

or

(c) both.

7. As in claim 1, including an operable pulse-amplitude-adjuster, which is effective, when operated, to change the amplitude of the pulses.

8. As in claim 1, including an operable pulse-rise-time-adjuster, which is effective, when operated, to change the rise-time of the pulses.

9. As in claim 1, including an operable differential-pressure adjuster, which is effective, when operated, to change the difference between the pressure in the upstream-chamber and the pressure in the downstream-chamber that obtains when the pulse-port is fully closed.

10. As in claim 1, wherein:

the accumulator includes a liquid-storage-volume, which includes the volume of liquid that is in the upstream-chamber and that communicates with the upstream chamber through an accumulator port;

the liquid-conveying cross-sectional area of the accumulator-port is at least as large as the liquid-conveying cross-sectional area of the pulse-port when fully-open;

the accumulator includes a resilience, for example an enclosed pressurised gas, or a spring;

the resilience has such physical characteristics as to have the capability, during rotation of the rotor, of maintaining liquid in the upstream-chamber at a pressure of at least half the level of pressure that obtains in the upstream-chamber when the pulse-port is partially open but is on the point of fully closing, as when the pulse-port was fully-closed.

11. As in claim 1, wherein:

the rotor includes a rotor-flat-surface, into which the rotor-aperture is formed;

the stator includes a stator-flat-surface, into which the stator-aperture is formed;

the apparatus is so arranged that the stator-flat-surface and the rotor-flat-surface lie in face-to-face opposition, being separated by a gap of not more than a hundred microns.

12. As in claim 11, wherein:

the rotor-plate is rigidly fixed to the drive-shaft, and the drive shaft is guided for rotation by means of a rolling bearing assembly;

the bearing assembly includes two rows of balls, which run in respective inner and outer race-ways;

the two outer race-ways are formed in a single unitary outer race; and

the two inner race-ways are formed in a single unitary inner race.

13. As in claim 12, wherein:

the housing includes a cap and a base, which are held together, during operation, in that respective abutment surfaces of the cap and base are held together by an operable fastening means;

the cap is separable from the base for the purposes of disassembling the apparatus, by operating the fastening means, and then separating the abutment surfaces;

the bearing assembly is fixed into the cap;

the manner of mounting of the bearing assembly into the cap, of the drive-shaft into the bearing, and of the rotor-plate to the drive-shaft, is such that, when the cap is removed from the base, the bearing assembly, the drive-shaft, and the rotor-plate remain with the cap;

whereby the drive-shaft and the rotor-plate remain equally firmly secured relative to the cap when the cap is removed from the base as they were secured when the cap was fastened to the base.

14. As in claim 13, wherein:

the drive-shaft includes a flat shoulder, lying at right-angles to the axis of the shaft, against which a flat surface of the rotor-plate can be held by means of an operable rotor-fastener;

the apparatus includes a second-rotor-plate, having an equivalent second-flat-surface, and having a different configuration of rotor-aperture from the said rotor-plate;

whereby, when the rotor-fastener is operated, the said rotor-plate can be removed from the shaft, and substituted by the second-rotor-plate.

15. As in claim 1, wherein:

the rotor includes a rotor-cylinder, into which the rotor-aperture is formed;

the stator includes a stator-cylinder, into which the stator-aperture is formed;

the cylinders are configured for relative rotation, one inside the other.

16. As in claim 1, wherein:

the apparatus is so configured as to enable adjustment of the frequency at which pulses pass through the outlet-port, and includes also;

—

an operable pulse-amplitude-adjuster, which is effective, when operated, to change the amplitude of the pulses;

an operable pulse-rise-time-adjuster, which is effective, when operated, to change the rise-time of the pulses; and

an operable differential-pressure adjuster, which is effective, when operated, to change the difference between the pressure in the upstream-chamber and the pressure in the downstream-chamber that obtains when the pulse-port is fully closed.

17. Procedure for using the pulse-generator apparatus of claim 16 to inject a fluid through a pipe at an injection well into the ground, including:

providing the apparatus at or near ground level;

providing a reservoir of the fluid to be injected;

providing an injection pump, and operating the same to inject the fluid from the reservoir, through the pulse-generator apparatus, via the injection well, and down into the ground;

monitoring pressure in the downstream-chamber, and at least after a substantial pressure obtains in the downstream-chamber, operating the electric motor, thereby creating pulses in the fluid being injected;

monitoring pressure in the upstream-chamber, monitoring flowrate of fluid passing into the ground;

adjusting pulse frequency, pulse-amplitude, pulse-rise-time, and differential-pressure, in such manner as to maximise the amount of fluid delivered into the ground over a period of time.